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Index
A�� Level examination:
See History (at sixth-form level), also University of Hong Kong Advisory Inspectorate, 42, 43, 144, 173, 178, 193 Africa, 213 Allio, F., 249 Alpern, Mildred, 140 America:
See United States of America American Revolution, 169 Anderson, Benedict, 14�V15 ��Anglo-Chinese Wars��:
See Opium Wars Antiquities Advisory Board, 170, 184, 192, 203 Antiquities and Monuments Office, 72 Arab-Israeli conflict, 212 ��Arab World�� (as topic in draft HKCE syllabus, 2002), 212 archeology, 72�V73 Aristo, 143;
changes to textbooks in run-up to 1997 handover, 180�V181 Aristotle, 13 AS level examination:
see History (at sixth-form level) AS-INSTEP courses, 191, 193 assessment:
See examinations Atom bomb, 201 Au Cheuk-fai, 127 Australia, 213, 245, 251, 252 Azerbaijan, 169
Baker, Kenneth, 21 ��banding�� system (in Hong Kong schools), 44, 45 Basic Law, 33, 59n., 66, 152, 204;
Article 23, 38�V39, 209, 221 Beijing: See China (mainland) Belgrade Embassy Bombing, 65, 246
Berlin, Isaiah, 11 Birch, Alan, 91 Bismarck, Otto von, 181, 196, 204 Boxer Uprising, 73, 180 Britain, 3, 17, 25�V37 passim., 49, 241, 250;
British history in Hong Kong syllabuses, 86, 87�V88, 118, 121, 123, 158, 159, 202, 209, 231; history education and identity in, 19�V22, 232, 245, 251�V252; in Hong Kong Museum of History, 71, 73; official view of Hong Kong��s status and ��identity��, 60, 62; role in local history (as portrayed in syl labuses and textbooks), 170�V172, 203�V204, 214, 233; the state and education in, 7, 8; See also British Empire, England
British Empire, 27�V28,
removal of imperial history from local syllabuses, 106�V107 British Nationality Scheme, 36 Brown, David, 7, 9, 57, 58, 248, 251 Burma, 245
Cantonese, 46, 47n.,
and Hong Kong popular culture, 66�V67, 74 capitalism, 159 Carr, E.H., 11 Cavour, Camillo Benso di, 181, 204 Central Asia, 213 Centre for Asian Studies (at HKU), 91 Chan, Fruit, 63 Chan Ka-ki, 206, 222 Chan Nai-kwok, 174, 179, 186 Chan Pui-sum, 140 Chen Zili (Chinese Education Minister), 18 Cheng Kai-ming, 47n., 48n., 225 Cheng, Jane, 90, 119, 140, 144, 190, 191;
role in promoting local history, 124�V126, 137, 147, 163, 169, 172, 174, 175�V176, 183, 236�V237
China (mainland) 28, 49, 58, 123, 153, 200, 224, 232, 245�V250; history covered (or neglected) in local syllabuses, 86, 88, 108, 116, 118, 155, 160, 161�V162, 198, 206, 209, 211, 215, 242, 246�V247; official vision of Hong Kong, 59�V60; as object of ��patriotic education�� in Hong Kong, 165, 200; and efforts to promote ��patriotism�� in Hong Kong, 65�V66, 234�V235, 243�V244; role in local history (as portrayed in syllabuses and textbooks), 169�V171, 179, 183, 184, 189, 195, 203, 214, 233�V234; the state and education in, 8; history curriculum development in, 242, 250, 250n.; history curriculum development influenced by Hong Kong precedents, 141n.; attitudes towards mainland in Hong Kong, 27n., 64�V68; portrayal of mainland and mainlanders in Hong Kong media, 64; See also historiography
China Daily, 66, 72 Chinese Communist Party, 17, 172, 230 Chinese History (school subject), 5, 48�V49, 50, 51, 52�V55, 73, 86, 86n., 90, 97, 107, 111, 129�V130, 137, 140, 147, 161, 181, 197, 198, 199, 201, 208, 210;
changes to curriculum post-1997, 216�V221; and DBQs, 162; and local history, 153, 163, 179, 216, 217�V218; moralising emphasis of, 81�V2; and promotion of ��national identity��, 220, 226�V227, 243�V244, 250; new A�� level syllabus (1992), 162; and resistance to ��New History�� proposal, 221�V226; development of new HKCE syllabus (2001�V2002), 218�V221; separation from ��History��, 52�V55, 93�V96, 103, 194�V195, 229�V236, 240�V245; overlap of content with ��History��, 85, 119, 155; Syllabus for Chinese History (Forms 1�V3) (1982), 113; dominance of A�� level subject committee by Professor Chiu Ling-yeung, 133n.
Chinese History Education Society, 224 Chinese Language, Literature and Culture (school subject), 52�V53 Chinese Language Movement, 30 Chinese nationalism:
See nationalism Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK), 209;
and ��Higher Level�� examination, 100, 130, 132�V133, 158 Chung Chi-keung, 90, 132, 179, 190 Churchill, Winston S., 202 cinema:
See film citizenship, 200 civic education, 6, 50�V52, 54�V55, 222;
Civic Education Guidelines, 50�V52, (1996) 174 Civics (school subject), 48, 94n., 222, 235 Cixi, Dowager Empress of China, 116, 181, 196, 204 Cold War, 122, 169, 204, 206, 212 Collingwood, R.G., 10�V13, 251�V252 colonialism, 3�V6, 88n., 165, 229, 239�V245;
collaborative nature of, 27�V31; neglected in local History syllabuses, 122�V123, 161, 161n., 172, 178, 196, 207�V208, 213, 232; and discussions over new HKCE syllabus (1996�V2002), 203; in sixth-form syllabus of 1991/2, 159, 189; See also imperialism
communism: See Chinese Communist Party, revolution Confucianism, 219;
and Chinese historiography, 15�V19 Convention of Chuanbi, 180 corruption, 30 Craft, Maurice, 165, 190 culture:
and colonialism, 4�V6, 239�V245; conceptions of, 9�V10; See also Hong Kong, identity
cultural imperialism, 9 Cultural Revolution, 18, 89, 204
curriculum (for Hong Kong schools), cultural relativism implicit in, 53; depoliticisation of, 50, 79; ��localised�� in the 1950s and 1960s, 94;
��patriotic education�� and, 49�V52; politics and, 50�V52; See also History, Chinese History, identity
Curriculum Development Council (CDC), 43, 96n., 127�V130, 145�V146, 158, 173, 186�V193 passim.,
Chapters 4�V7, passim.; establishment and structure of, 96; extent of bureaucratic control over curriculum development, 99�V100; Local History Working Party, 176�V178; role compared to that of HKEA, 134
Curriculum Development Institute (CDI), 43, 173�V174, 193, 195, 198, 220�V226, 227, 239; Chapters 6�V7, passim.
Data-based questions (DBQs):
See examinations de Bary, William Theodore, 19 democracy:
lack of in Hong Kong, 29, 30�V31, 59n., 250, 251�V253; popular attitudes towards, 60�V61, as a value promoted in History curricula, 152�V153, 157, 159�V160, 168, 169, 241, 243, 251�V253
Democratic Alliance for the Betterment of Hong Kong (DAB), 61 Democratic Party, 46, 65 Democratic Progressive Party (Taiwan), 248 Deng Xiaoping, 26, 32 Diaoyutai (Senkakuji) Islands, 30, 65, 246 Durkheim, Emile, 7
Economic Journal, 224 Economics and Public Affairs (EPA) (school subject), 48, 97, 181, 235 education, See various entries, e.g. Education Commission, Education Department, England, curriculum, history, History, Hong Kong, language, schools, teachers Education Commission, 49, 133, 133n. Education Department (E.D.), 42�V50, 97, 195, 235�V239, Chapters 4�V7, passim.;
early concerns of E.D. officials relating to history education, 96; and control of textbooks, 42; role in ��vetting�� of school textbooks, 103�V104, 141�V144, 141n., 148, 175�V185, 239; Special Bureau, 42 See also CDC, CDI
Educators Social Action Council (ESAC), 48, 90, 98�V99, 141 Egypt, 155 elections:
see Hong Kong Endacott, G.B., 69, 91, 106 England:
the state and education in, 8; history education and identity in, 20�V22, 81, 136�V137; influence on history curriculum development in Hong Kong, 80�V82, 92, 93, 97, 102�V103, 112, 135, 136�V141, 147�V148, 154, 191, 226, 231�V232, 238, 239�V243; ��new history�� in, 20�V21, 111; National Curriculum and History, 21
English language: and ��discourses of colonialism��, 3
See also language Enlightenment, 11 ethnicity:
conceptions of, 9�V10, in Hong Kong, 57�V59
Europe, 252; the state and education in, 6�V9; in local History syllabuses, 118 See also Britain, France, Germany, Prussia; and history education in Britain and France, 22
examinations: data-based questions (DBQs), 113, 131, 135, 144�V147, 156, 138�V141 (overseas precedents for), 162 (in Chinese History), 175, 185�V193, 207, 236; marking, 188; moderation of Hong Kong examinations by London Board, 137�V139; multiple-choice questions (MCQs), 102, 145�V146, 156, 187�V188, 207; school-based assessment (SBA), 207, 212, 253; procedure for setting of public examinations in Hong Kong, 100�V102;
Faure, David, 91, 115, 127, 127n., 128 Federation of Hong Kong Industries, 59 film:
and Hong Kong popular culture, 63�V64,
and PRC propaganda, 68 Fitzgerald, John, 14 Fok, K.C., 127 Foucault, Michel, 251 France, 17, 121;
the state and education in, 7; history education in, 22 French Revolution, 169
Geography (school subject), 222 Germany, 6�V7, 19, 121, 169, 246;
See also Prussia globalisation, 9�V10 Goodson, Ivor, 21 Government and Public Affairs (school subject), 50 Great Leap Forward, 196, 204 Greece, 155 Green, Andy, 7�V8 Goa, 58 Goodson, Ivor, 240�V241 Guangdong Province, 58 Guomindang (Nationalist Party), 17, 79, 172, 230
Ha, W.H., 95, 97, 98 Han dynasty, 217 Hayes, James, 91 Hase, Patrick, 91 Hegel, G.W.F., 11 Henry, Michael S., 139, 140 Hennessey, John P., 177 Herder, Johann Gottfried von, 11 Higher Level:
See History (at sixth form level), also Chinese University of Hong Kong Hinton, Arthur, 91, 98, 106 Historical Association (U.K.), 98, 136 historiography, 10�V13;
in China, 13�V19, 250, 251
history: as a critical-rational ��craft��, 10�V13, 251�V253; and identity in Hong Kong popular culture, 62�V68; and nation-building education, 6�V9; ��new history�� (in England and the U.S.), 20�V21, 80, 83; See also Chinese History, History, historiography, local history
History (school subject), 44, Chapters 4�V8, passim.; content and aims, 80�V93, 113�V126; 152�V172, 199�V216, 230�V235; at junior secondary level, 84�V85, 153�V155; Syllabus for History (Secondary I�VIII), 1995, 154�V155; and moral education, 81�V83; at HKCE level, 85�V87, 114�V117, 137�V140, 156�V158, 185�V189, 199�V216; Syllabus for History (Forms I�VV) (1983), 113, 114�V117, 120�V121; ��interim�� changes to HKCE syllabus (1994), 156; at sixth-form level, 87�V88, 137�V140, (1984 syllabus) 117�V119, 120�V126 passim., 130�V133; new A/AS level syllabus of 1991/92, 158�V162, 189�V192; and ��New History�� proposal, 221�V226; and ��patriotic education��, 197; process of curriculum development, 93�V103, 126�V147, 173�V192, 199�V216, 235�V239; provision of teaching and learning materials, 192�V193; separation between History and ��Chinese History��, 52�V55, 93�V96, 240�V245; unpopularity of subject, 153n.; See also examinations, identity, local history, teachers
History Conference (1971), 95�V96 ��History and Culture�� (school subject):
See ��New History�� History Newsletter (1989�V), 125�V126, 140, 144, 163, 183 History Society (of Hong Kong), 98�V99 Hitler, Adolf, 181n., 201 Ho, Alice, 178, 184, 187, 206, 210 Hobsbawm, Eric, 7 Holocaust, 201 Hong Kong:
bureaucracy, 31, 37�V38; Chinese nationalism in, See nationalism; collaborative colonialism in, 27�V31, 244�V245, 250; economy, 26�V27; ethnicity, 57�V59; depoliticisation of education, 42�V43; education policy in, 40, 41�V56; elections, 61; emigration from, 27;
handover to China, 71; immigration policy, 27; lack of representative government in See democracy; Legislative Council, 38, 55; ��lifestyle��, 59�V62, 71; localisation, 34; political system, 27�V31; transition to Chinese rule, 31�V37; Patten reforms, 35�V36; political reforms in 1980s, 33�V34; popular culture, 62�V68; post-1997 political situation, 37�V41; post-Tiananmen confidence-building measures, 35�V36; television, 62�V65, 71; threats to rule of law in, 41; values of Hong Kong people, 61; xenophobia in, 65; See also archaeology, Basic Law, curriculum, Education Commission, Education Department, HKEA, identity, Joint Declaration, June 4th Incident, local history, Museum of History, Opium Wars, self-censorship, schools, Urban Council
Hong Kong Certificate of Education (HKCE):
See History Hong Kong Education Publishing Company (HKEP), 181 Hong Kong Examinations Authority (HKEA), 43�V44, 101�V102, 117, 127�V130, 130�V141, 145�V148, 158, 173�V174, 175, 186�V193 passim., 205�V207, 235, 238�V239;
role in organising teacher seminars, 134�V136;
See also History (process of curriculum development) Hong Kong History Educators�� Society, 210�V211, 238, 238n. Hong Kong History Workshop (at HKU), 91 Hong Kong Institute of Education, 47 Hong Kong and Shanghai Bank, 26, 106 Hopkins, A.G., 10 Hui, Ann, 63, 63n.
identity, 6, 152, 225, 229, 230, 243, 245�V250, 253; ambivalent attitudes of curriculum developers, 168�V169, 199�V201, 234�V235; and new Civic Education Guidelines, 51�V52; and education policies of Tung administration, 48�V52, 197�V198, 226�V227, 235n., 243; ��big Hong Kong mentality��, 124; ��cultural�� rather than ��political��, 154, 235, 249; and Hong Kong ��lifestyle��, 59�V62; identity formation and history curricula internationally, 5; identity formation as one aim of re-introducing local history, 125, 163�V165, 176; neglect of in curriculum for History in Hong Kong, 92; and popular culture in Hong Kong, 62�V68; and 1996�V2002 discussions over revision of HKCE syllabus, 199�V201, 207�V208; ��national identity�� as an assessment criteri- on in new HKCE syllabus, 211�V212; ��national identity�� as central aim of draft Chinese History curriculum (2002), 220; and teaching of Chinese history and culture, 52�V55, 56; and history education in Britain, 19�V22, 136�V137; in Taiwan, 247�V250;
in China: See China, nationalism, race imperialism, 159, 161;
cultural and linguistic, 4 Independent Commission Against Corruption (ICAC), 30, 142 India, 118, 160, 245 Indus Valley Civilization, 155 Integrated Humanities (school subject), 206, 222 Ip, Regina, 39 Italy, 246
Japan, 44, 252; in history syllabuses, 118, 160, 213; the state and education in, 8; perception of in Hong Kong, 65, 83; role in local history (as portrayed in syllabuses and textbooks), 170, 183, 219
Jenner, W.J.F., 15 Jesuits, 98 Jews, 201 Jiang Zemin, 72, 73 Joint Declaration (Sino-British) of 1984, 33, 61, 68, 125, 126, 164, 165 Joseph, Keith, 136 June 4th ��Incident��, 27, 71;
impact in Hong Kong, 34�V35, 53, 58, 61, 68, 153, 249�V250; in history syllabuses or textbooks, 175, 204, 209�V210, 216, 220
Kan, Flora, 178�V179, 237 Kan, Nelson Y.Y., 143 Kang Youwei, 14, 70, 116 Korea, 44;
Korean War, 73 Kuomintang: See Guomindang Kwok Siu-tong, 115, 127, 128, 131, 145, 190, 208�V209
Lam, D.C. (Lam Ding-chung), 92, 103, 115, 123, 125, 126, 128, 131, 137, 140, 141, 144, 145�V146, 148, 170, 174, 176, 183, 203, 236;
arguments for including local history in History, rather than Chinese History, 179n. Lam Tin-chi, 186, 206 language:
as barrier to skills-based pedagogy for History, 107�V108, 111�V113, 144�V147, 145n., 148�V149, 151, 231, 236, 253; languages as school subjects, 44; medium of instruction in Hong Kong schools, 40, 46�V47, 47n., 96n., 175, 194, 226�V227; and politics in Hong Kong, 66�V67; and provision of teaching materials, 183, 192; See also Cantonese, English, putonghua
Lantau Island, 72 Latin America, 213 Lau, C.K., 28 Law, Fanny, 38 Lee Chi-hung, 90, 124, 141�V142, 174, 180, 182, 185, 202�V203, 206, 210, 216, 221�V226, 237;
study of local history pilot project, 176�V178 Lee Teng-hui, 66, 73, 248�V249 Lei Cheng Uk, 218 Lenin, V.I., 11 Leung, Julian, 175, 178, 191, 237;
on conceptual basis of 1983 HKCE History syllabus, 120�V121;
on drawbacks of vetting procedure for school textbooks, 142 Leung Ping-wah, 224 Li Hongzhang, 116 Li Ki-cheung, 190 Li Yuet-ting, 176 Liberal Studies (school subject), 50 liberalism, 159, 243;
as a set of values espoused by curriculum developers for History, 108, 151, 157, 168, 201, 232,
234�V235, 241, 245, 253 Lin, Alfred, 118, 132�V133, 140, 191, 211 Lin Yuan, 75�V76 Lin Zexu, 70, 73 Link, Perry, 16 Llewellyn Commission, 47 local history, 80, 130, 195, 253;
in Chinese History curriculum, 217�V218, 219; removed from History syllabuses, 88�V93, 122�V123, 230�V232; moves to re-introduce into History syllabuses, 123�V126, 135�V136, 147, 152, 156, 157�V158, 175�V185, 179n., 233, 236, 243; in 1995 junior syllabus, 153�V155, 169�V172; at HKCE level, 185, 202�V216 (table, 214); in 1991/92 sixth-form History syllabus, 158, 160, 162, 165�V169; at Hong Kong University, 91; media criticism of re-introduction, 164; in ��New History��, 222�V223, 226; in relation to history of China, 164, 169, 195; pilot project, 153�V154, 176�V179, 183�V184; pre-history, 170, 217; and political tensions relating to the 1997 handover, 175�V185, 241�V242; and post-handover political correctness, 198; and provision of teaching materials, 192; in textbooks, 103�V107; See also identity
London University:
See University of London Lowe, C.J.G., 95�V96, 96n., 106n. Lu Ping, 39 Lui, Adam, 190 Luk, Bernard, 52
Ma, Eric Kit-wai, 63, 64�V5
MacIntyre, Alasdair, 10�V13, 251�V252; concept of ��practice��, 12; concept of ��tradition��, 13 Maclehose, Murray, 30, 32, 177 Macmillan, 143 Macau, 66, 66n., 98;
handover to China, 73 Mao Zedong, 196 Marx, Karl, 11 May Fourth Movement, 17, 116 medium of instruction:
See language Mesopotamia, 155 Metternich, Klemens, 204 minanhua, 248 Ming Pao, 65, 209�V210, 224�V225 Mok, Louise, 91�V92, 96�V100 Mongolia, 219, 247 Morales, Alberto, 82, 142, 143;
on the setting of public examinations during the 1960s, 101,
interpretation of Opium War, 107 Morris, Paul, 40, 44, 48, 79, 120, 123, 242 Museum of History (Hong Kong), 68�V74, 69n., 170, 192, 243
Nanjing Massacre, 201, 203 National Curriculum (England), 21, 81, 154 nationalism, 169, 181, 210, 243;
in Europe, 157, 159, 246�V247; in Scotland and Wales, 21; Chinese nationalism, 6, 157, 246�V247; in Hong Kong, 32, 65, 75, 219, 227; and Chinese historiography, 13�V19 See also race
Nehru, Jawaharlal, 3 Neitszche, Friedrich, 11�V12, 251 Neo-Darwinism, 8, 11, 18 ��New History�� (proposed school subject), 18, 198, 221�V226, 234, 245, 247, 249 New Right, 111 Ng-Quinn, Michael, 14 Ngo Tak-wing, 29 North America, 252
opium, 170, 172
Opium Wars, 32, 69, 73, 83, 84, 87, 89, 104�V105, 107, 108, 143, 180; treatment in 1983 HKCE syllabus, 121�V122; ��The Opium War�� (film), 68, 70
Oriental Daily News, 65, 208 Oxford University Press (OUP), 180, 182
Pakistan, 245 patriotism: See China, Chinese History, curriculum, history, History, identity Patten, Chris, 35�V36, 55, 60, 61, 151, 165, 175, 189; in draft HKCE syllabus (2002), 208�V209, 213
Paau, Danny S.L., 186 People��s Liberation Army (Hong Kong Garrison), 58 Pennycook, Alastair, 3�V4 Phillips, R., 21 politics:
See curriculum, Hong Kong popular culture: see Hong Kong ��population influx��:
See refugees postcolonialism, 9 postmodernism, 12, 251 Precious Blood Golden Jubilee School, 47, 47n., 100n., 166, 203 Provisional Urban Council:
debate over new Museum of History, 69�V70 Prussia, 7�V8 PTU (Professional Teachers�� Union), 45�V46, 56 publishers:
See textbooks, and separate entries (publishers�� names) putonghua, 47, 51, 59, 198, 225, 246 Pye, Lucien, 17
Qian Mu, 15, 225 Qian Qichen, 36�V37 Qin dynasty, 217
race:
and national identity in China, 18�V19, 75, 249 Red River Valley (film), 68 refugees (coming from mainland China to Hong Kong), in local history pilot project package, 183;
as ��taboo�� in local history syllabuses, 166�V168, 171, 172, 182, 204 relativism, 12; in Hong Kong school curriculum, 53 revolution, 169;
Chinese (1911), 70, (1949, Communist), 70 riots (1966, 1967), 30, 45, 71, 89, 166, 177, 182, 182n., 232 Robbins, Keith, 21 Robinson, Ronald, 28�V29, 244�V245 Rome, 155 Roosevelt, Franklin Delano, 202 Russell, Conrad, 21
Said, Edward, 4 Sautman, Barry, 18�V19 schools (in Hong Kong):
expansion of schooling from 1960s, 45�V48, 79; girls�� schools, 97n. school-based assessment (SBA):
See examinations Schools Council History Project (England), 20, 80 Schrecker, J.E., 16 Schwarz, Vera, 14 Scott, Ian, 37, 40, 57 self-censorship, and local history, 175�V185, 233�V234 Self-Strengthening Movement (China), 116 Shell Oil Company (Hong Kong), 106 Shils, Edward, 17 Singapore, 58 Sinn, Elizabeth, 91, 137, 147, 165, 191, 236 skills:
and history education, 130, 147�V149, 157, 197, 201, 217, 227, 232�V233, 252�V253; differentiating History from Chinese History, 119; See also History, content and aims, also Chapters 4�V8, passim.
Social Studies (school subject), 48, 93, 94, 96, 97, 108, 223, 231;
in U.K., 136 The Soong Sisters (film), 68 South Asia, 212 South China Morning Post, 208�V209 South-East Asia, 248;
and education for nation-building purposes, 7;
in local history syllabuses, 118, 160, 213 Spengler, Oswald, 11 Stanley, Tom, 211 Stokes, G. and J., 104�V105, 122, 142 Student Movement, 30 Sun Yat-sen, 70, 82, 106, 181, 204, 218, 246 Sweeting, Anthony, 79, 90, 92, 97�V99, 100n., 102n., 126, 127n., 131, 132, 140, 145�V146, 163, 172, 177, 188, 190, 191, 236�V237, 242;
ESAC pamphlet, 99, 141; preparation of local history curriculum package, 184�V185; role in drafting local history section of A�� level syllabus, 165�V168; views on the aims of history education, 83
Syllabuses: see History, Chinese History Syllabus and Textbooks Committee (STC), 94
Taiwan, 44, 58, 66, 67, 73, 75, 181, 204, 218, 225, 234; inclusion in 2001 draft HKCE Chinese History curriculum, 219; history and national identity in, 240, 242, 247�V250; aboriginal tribes, 248
Taylor, A.J.P., 7
teachers (in Hong Kong), 45; concerns relating to DBQs, 186, 190�V191; professionalism of, 114, 161, 188, 202, 205, 253; provision for in-service training: See AS-INSTEP, Hong Kong Examinations Authority (seminars); response to local history initiative, 183�V184; role in curriculum development, 98�V100, 129�V130, 133�V136, 173, 238
Teaching History, 136 terrorism, 212 textbooks, 3, 42, 233�V234, 239, 244;
anxieties of publishers due to political pressure, 179�V182;
for new junior syllabus (1998 onwards), 182; coverage of local history, 103�V107, 180, 182, 182n.; ��dumbing down��, 143; use of Chinese and British textbooks in Hong Kong, 94; poor quality of, 113, 141n.; and problems with provision of teaching materials (for local history and DBQs), 192�V193; ��twenty year rule��, 175; ��vetting�� by ED, 141�V144, 141n.; See PTU
Thatcher, Margaret, 32 Tiananmen Square Massacre:
See June 4th ��Incident�� Tibet, 66, 68, 73, 204, 218, 219 Toynbee, Arnold, 11 Truman, Harry S., 201 Tsang, Steve, 29, 32�V33, 91 Tu Wei-ming, 19 Tung Chee-Hwa, 37�V41 passim., 49, 56, 61, 68�V69, 72, 73, 198;
call in 1997 for revision of Chinese History textbooks, 52n. Turner, Matthew, 57�V58, 59, 75�V76 TVB Jade, 63
United Nations Organization, 89, 122
United States of America, 17, 20, 111, 118, 121, 135, 158, 159, 202, 209, 212, 231�V232, 238, 241; use of data-based questions in History, 139�V140; education and the state in, 7, 8
University of Cambridge Examinations Board, 238
University of Hong Kong, 40, 106, 178, 184, 190, 191; influence of academics on History curriculum development, 87, 132�V133, 192, 211, 235�V237; British dominance of, 95; Chinese history taught at, 119; and setting of public examinations, 100, 102
University of London Examinations Board, 102, 123, 136, 145, 187, 194, 238, 252; system for moderating Hong Kong examination papers 137�V139 Urban Council, 69 See also Provisional Urban Council USSR, 202, 209
Vietnamese boat people, 167, 167n., 203, 216 Vines, Steve, 3�V4, 39, 65, 179
Wen Wei Bao, 220, 224 Wong, Dominic, 175 Wong Ho-chiu, 226 Wong Kar-wai, 63 Wong, Patrick, 102, 103, 119, 126�V128, 127n., 130�V136 passim., 137, 145�V146, 148, 157, 173, 186�V189 passim., 190, 191, 205, 219, 236�V237;
on organisation of teacher seminars, 135�V136; visit to London (1984), 139; and establishment of the Hong Kong History Educators�� Society, 238n.
Woo Ho-wai, 90, 104, 107, 145 World Trade Organization, 209 World War I, 206, 210, 212 World War II, 106, 201�V202, 206, 212, 214
Xinjiang, 66, 218, 219
Yalta Conference, 201 Young, Mark, 71, 209, 213; Young Plan (1947), 177, 203, 209 Yugoslavia, 65, 212, 246 Yung Li Yuk-wai, 199
Zeldin, Theodore, 7