43.
Othe r organizations included The Association of the Southwest Industry (Xinan shiye xiehui) an d China Industry Cooperation Association(Zhongguo gongye hezuoshe). WTYP, 1 7 January 1939 , 20 April 1940.
44.
Shareholders ' list in the "China Products (HK) Co." File. The Registers of Hong Kon g Companie s Applyin g fo r Registratio n durin g th e Japanes e Occupation. 1943-1944 . HKRS 12 2
45. WTYP, 9 February 1938.
46.WTYP, 1 3 February 1938 . One typical feature of the company in China was that the company would specify only Chinese citizens could own the shares. Another feature that matched a typical Chinese company was that there was a limit on the number of votes that a shareholder could have in a general meeting. According to the British company law, each share entitled one vote. In China, the number of votes that the shares could represent will always be discounted. The Articles of the Chinese Products Co. specified that, as in other companies in China, the first 1 1 shares equal to 11 votes, from 1 1 shares onward, the number of votes will equal to 50 percent of the total shares left. For example, if you have 100 shares, you will have 11+(100-11) X 50% =
55.5votes. 47. WTYP, 1 0 February 1938.
48. WTYP, 22 February 1938 , 5 March 1938.
49.
Xi e Bocheng, "Xianggang Zhongguo huopin zhanglanshi he changshanghui de guanxi." One other possible reason why there was little communicatio n between the Union (and the Hong Kong manufacturers) and the entrepreneurs from China was that they spoke different languages. While most entrepreneurs from Chin a (mainl y Shanghai ) spok e Mandarin , mos t Hon g Kon g manufacturers spoke only Cantonese. This language problem in fact happened before when Hong Kong manufacturers attende d the Singapore Guohuo Exhibition in 1935. They once felt alienated since upper middle class Chinese in Singapore preferred to speak Mandarin and manufacturers from China also mainly spoke Mandarin.
50.
WTYP, 1 October 1940 . More than 60 factories had moved into Guangdong in 1940s.
51.
Yi e Gong, "Xianggang gongyie fazhang de qiantu [The Prospect of the Hong Kong Industrial Development]." in Pictorial Record of the 2th Exhibition of Chinese Products (1939) .
52.
WTYP, 1 6 March 1938, 10 April 1939.
53.
Y i Ding, "Guohuo yundong yu Nanyang shichang [National Goods Movement and Southeast Asian Market], " in Pan Junxiang (ed.), Zhongguo Jindai guohuo yundong, pp . 423^1-28.
54.
WTYP, 22 April 1938 . Products that made by Chinese owned and managed factory, wit h non-Japanes e origi n ra w material s woul d b e considered a s
"guohuo". 55. WTYP, 24 January 1940. 56. WTYP, 2 February 1940.
57. WTYP,, 20 October 1940. Details regulations were included in the news. 58. WTYP,, 1 9 January 1939 .
59.
Gillia n Chambers, The Story of Trade Development in Hong Kong. Supertrader (Hong Kong: Hong Kong Trade Development Council, 1989), p. 18.
60.
W e started to see advertisements with the word "guohuo" o n it. The National Lacquer and Paint Products, one of the Hong Kong based factories that was regarded as "guohuo" factor y in China, didn't use "guohuo" t o describe their products at the beginning (Figure 11.4) , but adopted the notion later in the 1940s (Figure 11.5) . Another example is the Chinese Brother hats Co. who also started to use the "guohuo" notio n on their advertisement in the 1940s.
61.
Cheun g Ming, a factory i n Macau but was doing business mainly in Hong Kong, used a lot of "guohuo yundong" sloga n in the past (Figure 11.6) but had discarded everything later (Figure 11.7).
62.
Gar y Hamilton (ed.), Asian Business Networks (NY: Walter de Gruyter, 1996).
63.
Pictorial Record of the 15th Exhibition of Hong Kong Products (1958), pp. 86-87.
64.
Mr . H. A. Angus, Director of Commerce and Industry, said "this year our manufacturers have chosen to make this idea ("Hong Kong people use Hong Kong goods") the special theme of the exhibition and it is a very right and proper theme." Ibid.
NOTES TO PAGES 198-20 1 25
65. Pictorial Record of the 14th Exhibition of Hong Kong Products (1961), pp. 43-
44. The essay di d mentioned tha t the first exhibitio n wa s called "guohuo zhanlanhui", bu t didn't state that the next six exhibitions used the same name. Rather, the name "gongzhanhui" wa s used instead.
Chapter 12 Hong Kong's Economic Relations With China 1949-55: Blockade, Embargo and Financial Controls
1. Th e author gratefully acknowledge s the support of the British Council, the Bank of England Archives, and the HSBC Group Archives in the preparation of this paper. The research for this paper formed part of the foundation fo r my subsequent book where more detailed argument can be found. C. Schenk,
Hong Kong as an International Financial Centre; emergence and development 1945-65 (Londo n & New York: Routledge, 2001).
2.
W . P. Montgomery to A. S. Gilbert (Board of Trade) (22 March 1949). Public Records Office, London (hereafter PRO) F(oreign) O(ffice) 371/75853 .
3.
Repor t by W. P. Montgomery (14 July 1949). PRO F0371/75857.
4.
Th e impact of the blockade on Hong Kong was reinforced by the disruption of rail links between Kowloon and Guangzhou.
5.
Th e blockade was the cause of fruitless negotiations between the British and the Nationalist forces in Tamsui. Robert Boardman, Britain and the People's Republic of China 1949-72 (Londo n & NY: Macmillan, 1976), p. 80.
6.
O n 29 an d 30 May tw o British ship s owned by Jardine Matheson an d Butterfield an d Swir e entered the port of Shanghai an d regular trade links were resumed. See Beverley Hooper, China Stands Up; ending the Western presence 1948-50 (Sydney : Allen and Unwin, 1986), p. 83.
7.
Mos t of the blockade runners at this time were destined for the northern ports of Tianjin an d Yingkou . Report by W. P. Montgomery, Hong Kong (12 October 1949). PRO F0371/75858.
8.
Repor t by W. P. Montgomery, Hong Kong (12 October 1949). PRO F0371/ 75858.
9.
Repor t by W. P. Montgomery, Hong Kong (17 October 1949). PRO F0371/ 75858.
10.
Monthl y Economic Report for China for November 1949 (7 December 1949). PRO F0371/83336.
11.
Chan g Nai-kang , "Shippin g Concern s i n Shangha i sinc e Liberation, " Economics Weekly (5 January 1950). PRO F0371/83452.
12.
I n the first months of the blockade it was estimated that Tianjin and Yingkou received more than 80 percent of blockade running ships. Wenguang Shao,
China, Britain and Businessmen; political and commercial relations 1949-
57 (London & NY: Macmillan, 1991), p. 44.
13. Monthl y Economic Report of China for October 1949 (11 November 1949). PRO F0371/83336.
14. Yoxal l (SH) to Morse (HK), Report on Chinese Trade in 1950 (10 January 1951). HSBC Group Archives (hereafter HSBCGA) SHG741.8.
. Fro m Reports by W. P. Montgomery (12 October and 2 November 1949) . PRO F0371/75858.
16.
Repor t by W. P. Montgomery (17 October 1949). PRO F0371/75858.
17.
"Economi c Report s fro m Shanghai, " Far Eastern Economic Review (3 November 1949) , p. 564.
18.
Repor t by W. P. Montgomery, Hong Kong (5 December 1949). PRO F0371/ 75858.
19.
Beverle y Hooper,China Stands Up; ending the Western presence 1948-50 (London: Allen and Unwin, 1986), pp. 103-104.
. Repor t by R.H. Hillenkoetter, Rear Admiral, US Navy for the CIA (12 January, 1950). Harry S Truman Library, President's Secretary Files.
21.
Mem o by Chief of Naval Operations for the Joint Chiefs of Staff (13 January 1950). Papers of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. Two destroyers were sent to the vicinity of the Yangtze Estuary to rescue crew and passengers of Flying Arrow should it sink or be damaged during its trip into Shanghai.
22.
Repor t by W. P. Montgomery, Hong Kong (5 December 1949). PRO F0371/ 75858.
23.
Ibid .
24.
Monthl y Economic Report for China for December 1949 (11 January 1950).
PRO F0371/83336. . Ibid .
26.
Rober t Boardman, Britain and the People's Republic of China 1949-72 (Ne w York: Barnes & Noble, 1976), p. 14.
27.
Repor t by W. P. Montgomery (14 July 1949). PRO F0371/75857.
28.
Repor t by W. P. Montgomery, Hong Kong (17 October 1949). PRO F0371/ 75858.
29.
Repor t by W. P. Montgomery (5 December 1949). PRO F0371/75858.
. "Ne w Trade Routes," Far Eastern Economic Review ( 3 November 1949) , p. 569.
31.
Ai r transport was also used to evade the blockade and the disruption of rail and road transport. "New Trade Routes," p. 569.
32.
"Commercia l Markets," Far Eastern Economic Review (10 November 1949), p. 603.
33.
Thi s is confirmed in "Review of Hongkong's Trade," Far Eastern Economic Review ( 3 November 1949), p. 563.
34.
Import s were calculated cif which included the charges associated with running the blockade. Exports were recorded fob and so would not be so affected by these charges.
. Monthl y Economic Report for China for November 1949 (7 December 1949). PRO F0371/83336.
36. Memorandu m by the Chief of Naval Operations (16 November 1949). Papers of the US Joint Chiefs of Staff.
NOTES TO PAGES 207-211 26
37.
Dea n Acheson to Mr. Souers enclosing a paper for President on "US Policy regarding trade with China" (4 November 1949). Papers of the US Joint Chiefs ofStaff.
38.
Telegra m from H. A. Groves, British Embassy Washington to PWSY Scarlett, Foreign Office (12 February 1949). PRO F0371/75853.
39.
Telegra m from H. A. Groves, British Embassy Washington to PWSY Scarlett, Foreign Office (15 March 1949). PRO F0371/75853.
40.
Telegra m from H.A. Groves, British Embassy Washington to PWSY Scarlett, Foreign Office (22 March 1949). PRO F0371/75853.
41.
Ibid .
42.
Memorandu m from the State Department (21 April 1949). PRO F0371/75853.
43.
Telegra m from Foreign Office to Washington (28 May 1949). PRO F0371/ 75854.
44.
Telegra m from Foreign Office to Washington (24 June 24 1949). PRO F0371/ 75854.
45.
Telegra m from Commonwealth Relations Office to Commonwealth (5 July 1949). PROF0371/75854.
46.
Ibid .
47.
Britis h companies had already been asked. Telegram from Foreign Office to Washington (29 July 1949). PRO F0371/75854.
48.
Telegra m from Grantham to Secretary of State for the Colonies (28 June 1949). PRO F0371/75855. Grantham reiterated these points in a Telegram to the Secretary of State for the Colonies (10 October 1949). PRO F0371/75857.
49.
Telegra m from Grantham to Secretary of State for the Colonies (15 July 1949). PRO F0371/75855.
50.
Telegra m from Nanjing to the Foreign Office (4 July 1949) . PRO F0371/ 75855.
51.
US A Aide-Memoire (3 August 1949). PRO F0371/75857.
52.
Mem o by Dening for Secretary of State (11 August 1949). Minister of State agrees in a minute (12 August 1949). PRO F0371/75857.
53.
U K Aide-Memoire to State Department (12 September 1949) . PRO F0371/ 75857.
54.
Not e from Graffety-Smith to Heasman (8 December 1950). Bank of England Archive (hereafter BE) OV104/89.
55.
Not e by Heasman for H. Brittain (HMT) (12 December 1950). BE OV104/89.
56.
Th e following department s were represented on the Working Party but the Bank of England and the Treasury did most of the work: Colonial Office , Commonwealth Relation s Office , Boar d o f Trade, Admiralty, Treasury , Ministry of Supply, Ministry of Defence, Foreign Office. The report of the Working Party was not circulated to Ministers, but rather to Chiefs of Staff. Between the Working Party's only two meetings (on 1 February) the UN declared China an aggressor, paving the way for UN sanctions.
57.
Britis h concerns that China might force the return of Hong Kong through a blockade of its own in the late 1940s are discussed in W. R. Louis, "Hong
Kong; the critical phase, 1945-49," American Historical Review, Vol . 102, No. 4 (1997), pp. 1052-84.
58.
Immediatel y afterward Ministers in the Cabinet enquired about the possibility of imposing further exchange controls on trade with China but were advised that such controls were inadvisable given the negative impact on sterling and the impossibility of making any such controls effective in Hong Kong without draconian measures which would prompt a crisis i n the Colony. H. A. Siepmann to H. Brittain (HMT) (23 May 1951) . BE OV104/89. For a more full accoun t o f Anglo-American negotiation s ove r the embargo se e Davi d Clayton,Imperialism revisited: political and economic relations between Britain and China, 1950-54 (Londo n & NY: Macmillan, 1997) , pp. 89-93.
59.
"Export s of Petroleum Products to China," Far Eastern Economic Review (3 November 1949), p. 567.
60.
Repor t on Chinese Trade in 1950 by Yoxall (in Shanghai), sent to Morse (in Hong Kong) (10 January 1951). HSBCGA SHG741.8.
61.
Not e by Ministry of Transport on Shipping between Hong Kong and China (16 January 1951). PRO F0371/92273.
62.
J . F. Nicoll to J. B. Sidebotham (23 April 1951). PRO F0371/92385.
63.
J . B. Sidebotham to J. F. Nicoll (6 June 1951). PRO F0371/92385.
64.
Thi s point is also made by Edward Szczepanick, "The Embargo Effect o n China's Trad e with Hong Kong, " inContemporary China, Vol. 2 (1958), pp. 85-93.
65.
Offic e o f Information Research , US State Department, "Economic Cost to Hong Kong of a Complete Severance of Trade with Communist China" (22 December 1952).
66.
Ibid . Live pigs made up most of the meat imports and all live pigs came from China . In 195 0 recorded imports were 275 000 head and slaughter s were 535 000 head. The figures for 195 1 were 300 000 and 600 000. Due to greater vigilance o n junk traffic , th e figures i n the first te n months o f 1952 were 285 000 imports and 320 000 slaughters.
67.
"Th e Current Situation in Macao" (3 October 1951). Office of International Research, US State Department.
68.
Ibid .
69.
Mem o by Chief of Naval Operations for Secretary of Defence and Joint Chiefs of Staff (7 September 1951). Papers of the JCS.
70.
Th e official was subsequently dismissed by the Hong Kong government whose "attitude appeared to be that if we wanted the figures we (the Bank of England) could come and get them." Note of Second Meeting of Hong Kong Working Party (26 April 1954). PRO T(reasury)231/705.
71.
Offic e of International Research, US State Department, "Chinese Communist Imports from Non-Communist Countries Rose in the Third Quarter of 1952" (22 December 1952). Pakistan's exports of cotton comprised the largest single source of imports for China in 1952.
NOTES TO PAGES 214-217 26
72.
Raike s (NY) to Adamson (Hong Kong) (26 December 1950) . HSBCGA SHG756.3.
73.
Telegra m from Raikes (NY) to Adamson (Hong Kong) (28 December 1950). HSBCGA SHG756.3.
74.
Telegra m from Consul General, Shanghai, to Foreign Office (13 June 1949). BE OV104/45. See also Telegram from Shanghai to Foreign Office ( 6 July 1949). PRO F0371/75852.
75.
Telegra m from Foreign Office t o Washington (13 July 1949) . BE OV104/ 45. PRO F0371/75852.
76.
Telegra m from Washington to Foreign Office (13 July 1949) . PRO F0371/ 75852.
77.
Raike s (i n New York) to Dunkley (Tianjin) (2 6 July 1950) . HSBCGA SHG756.3.
78.
Raike s to Dunkley (13 December 1950). HSBCGA SHG756.3.
79.
Telegra m from Shanghai to Foreign Office (5 January 1950) . PRO F0371/ 83357.
80. Telegra m from Shanghai to Foreign Office (23 March 1950) . PRO F0371/ 83358. Shao reports that such transfers began in July 1950. Wenguang Shao, China, Britain and Businessmen; political and commercial relations, 1949-57 (London & NY: Macmillan, 1991), p. 61.
81.
Detail s of the dispute are to be found i n correspondence from Yoxall to Adamson (15 December 1951). HSBCGA SHG741.8.
82.
Telegra m enclosed in correspondence from Yoxall to Adamson (18 December 1951). HSBCGA SHG741.8.
83.
Yoxal l to Bank of China (20 December 1951). HSBCGA SHGII958.
84.
Yoxal l to Adamson (31 December 1951) . HSBCGA SHG741.8.
85.
Yoxal l to Skinner (14 June 1952). HSBCGA SHG741.9.
86.
Yoxal l to Skinner (20 December 1951) . HSBCGA SHG741.8,
87.
Yoxal l to Adamson enclosing a report by Russell to his Hong Kong offic e (16 February 1951) . HSBCGA SHG741.8. The CCP had long supported a policy of economic self-sufficiency fo r China, although this did not exclude trade with the West. See David Clayton, Imperialism Revisited: political and economic relations between Britain and China 1950-54, pp . 143-147.
88.
Yoxal l to Adamson (27 February 1951). The regulations were announced on February 21. HSBCGA SHG741.8.
89.
Announcemen t by the Bank of China, Shanghai (29 March 1951). Appointed banks were members of the exchange. HSBCGA SHGII 958.
90.
Wenguan g Shao, China, Britain and Businessmen: political and commercial relations, 1949-57, p . 93.
91.
Ibid . Shao does not appear to have consulted Treasury or Bank of England files in his research on China's commercial relations with Britain.
92.
Se e correspondence in PRO F0371/75847.
Chinese Glossary
Romanization of Chinese characters are mainly represented in the Pinyin system. Readers may notice that some of the Chinese terms are presented in the Wade-Giles system while some of the Cantonese terms are transliterated according to the Cantonese dialect. It has to be mentioned that using only the Pinyin system would be to strip away the Cantonese cultural meaning and make it virtually difficult for the readers to refer to popular western language source materials.
general terms:
aiguo
anlewo
Baishen
Baoliangju (Po Leung Kuk)
Boluo mm
Chan (Zen)
Chang yong guohuo tuan
Chaoshan mm
Chashisu Meiyue Tongjichuan mmmnmm
Chenghuang
Cho Geng Lu
Chunyang
Commercial Chamber of Chaozhou
Di
Donghua yiyuan (Tung Wah Hospital)
Dongjia hang
dongshan zaiqi
Fanling Rural Committee
Fanling Wai nmm
Feng Shui ganghuo Gongshang ribao gongzhanhui Guanyin Guandi Guangdongsheng gonganju (Guangdong
Provincial Public Security Bureau)
Guangzhou zhongshanghui (Guangzhou
General Chamber of Commerce)
guohuo
guohuo gongsi
guohuo tuanti
guohuo yundong
guohuo zanding biaozhun
guohuo zhanlanhui
guohuo zhengmingshu
guonan
guoren
Haifeng
Hailufeng tongxianghui
Han
Heung Yee Kuk
Huanan
Huaqiao ribao
huaren
Huashang huisuo (Chinese Club)
Huashangzhonghui (The Chinese Chamber
of Commerce)
Huayan
huazi
huazi gongye chupin
Huazi ribao
Jiating gongyeshe
jiuguo gongzhai
JH/Jc
MM
lit
m
mMmm
H.JSSi#
mnmm
an
HA
mm m
mx
Jiushantangyuan (The Nine Charitable Walk"*
n. alloy
Ko Po village
Kwai-Tsing
lien e rong gong
Lu
Luen Wo Land Investment Company
Limited Luen Wo Market Lufeng Lun Sin Tso Man Mo minzu fuxing Mui-tsai Nanbeihang (Nam Pak Hong) neiqian On Lok Tsuen Ouyang zaibi tang jiapu Qiaogang guohuo changshang lianhehui Qingdang yundong (Party Purge
Movement)
Quanzhen
Sai Kung
sangong
Sanguo yanyi Shangdi shangren zhigang Shangye weichihui (Society for the
Maintenance of Business) Shantou Shau Tau Kok Shek Wo Hui Sheung Shui Shen Shujing
xmitu
mmi
nw
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w mmRm^w^
WffiS
mm
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mm
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MAtem mmmw^
mm PMft
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ta tsiu Taierzhuang Tianchu weijing chang Tianhou Tiantai tianxia dashi he jiu bi fen, fen jiu bi he tongxianghui Tsing Yi Tsuen Wan Tuanfangju (District Watch Committee) Wah Tsz Yat Po waishi Wenlan shuyuan (Wenlan Academy) Xianggang chupin Xianggang huaren Xianggang huazi gongye chupin
zhanlanhui
Xianggang huo
Xiantian
Xiguan
xijia hang
Xin Guixi
Xinan shiye xiehui
Xingwu jucanhui
Xunhuan ribao (Tsun Wan Daily News)
Zhongguo gongye hezuoshe
Zhongguo guohuo gongsi
Zhongguo huopin youxiangongsi
Zhongguo huopin zhanlanhui
Zhongguo ren
Zhonghua guohuo chanxiao xiehui
Zhonghua shenshang
nm
^%%t
KgA&# ' ftX'tt^
tlstttjnn
tmmM>l
mm
personal names:
Bai Chongxi Bai Yingqi Cao Shanyun (Tso Seen-wan) Chan Sau-yan Chen Jintao Chen Jiongming Chen Jitang Chen Lianbo Chen Qiming (Chan Kai-ming) Chen Qingyun Chau Tsun-nin Chow Yin-cheong Deng Xiaoping Deng Zhongxia Fa Xian Feng Shan (Fung Shan) Fu Bingchang Fung Ki-cheuk Guo Dejie Guo Quan He Dong (Robert Ho Tung) He Fu (Ho Fook) He Long He Qi (Ho K'ai) Ho Fuk-tong Ho Hung-sun Ho Shai-chuen Ho Tsun-sheen Hu Hanmin Huang Shaohong Ip Lan-chuen Jiang Jieshi (Chiang Kai-shek) Kangxi
e#.
e^
W#it tt^c
mm mmm mmm
*a?ffi
m$xm
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mm^f mmm
SM^
M*K
fee
JRUi
mm% mn& mm
.A
ttlfL fitiM
fiH
mk
MISS fast*
tm^ mmm
*J3tK **B%
MM Mftfi MM
Lao Ch'ung-kuang ^NS;)t e Lau Tak-po f llfllt Lee Ming-kwan $ $M M Li Cheuk-nam $-^ S Li Chung-chong 0i^M-Li Hongzhang Li Lang Li Lisan ^AL H LiMingrui $?B3 & Li Shu-fan ^W ^ Li Tse-fong ^^ ^ Li Yutang (Li Yuk-tong) ^@ ^ Li Zongren $^ t Lian Guan S S Liang Dingbang M/xLl% Liao Chengzhi Jp7|t;f e Lin T'ien-wei #AW Liu Zhubo (Lau Chu-pak) f UiSffi Lo Hsiang-lin I I # # Lo Man-kam $kX@& Lu Huangyan S ^tife Ng Choy ffi^ Pan Hannian filSt^ Pang Fu-wah %z *^^-: Pang Cheong-yin 0H M Pang Hing-yin %9&!$& Pang Lok-sum 3�Gl^ ^ Pang Pun-ho 0^ H Pang Pun-wai U^M ^ Pang Pun-wing 0^7J C Peng Pai 0$ E Qi Ying (Ki-ying) Hr^ b Segawa MasahisaI K J11H A. Siu Kwok-kin MB R Sun Yixian (SunYat-sen) SUfil j
CHINESE GLOSSARY 27
Tang Fan-sun
Tao Zongyi
Wang Chonghui
Wang Jingwei
Wang Ming
Wang Tao
Wei Yu (Wei Yuk)
Wong Shing
Wu Hanchi (Ng Hon-tsz)
Wu Tingfang (Wu Ting-fang)
Xu Dixin
Xu Guangqi
Yang Tenghui
Ye Ting
Yu Zuobo
Yu Zuoyu
Yuan Shikai
Zhang Mingqi (Chang Ming-chi)
Zhang Tailei
Zheng De
Zhou Enlai
Zhou Shaoqi (Chau Siu-ki)
Zhou Shouchen (Chow Shou-son)
SPWB PSSrHi 3E*S5
cfit* I"E I.3 #3�G #H
mmm
f�Gg5f
ftffffi
&%$L
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liff
mm
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##. SttSU
mm& mxn
lEH ffi�G* ft4>#
JH#E
Bibliography
Government Documents and Archive Holdings:
British Parliamentary Papers, China, Vol 2 6 Correspondenc e and Reports, Conversations, and other papers relating to the affairs of Hong Kong, 1882-1899 (Shannon Iris h University Press, 1971)
British Parliamentary Papers, China, Vol 2 7 (Hong Kong 1862-1881) Paper s Relating t o Restrictions upon Chinese a t Hong Kong (Shanno n Iris h University Press, 1971)
Clementi Papers, Miscellaneous Papers 1902-1911, Rhodes House, University of Oxford Gillian Bickley Collection, Hong Kong Baptist University Library, Hong Kong SAR (available probably from 2005 / 2006) Great Bntain, Colonial Office, Original Correspondence Hon g Kong, 1841-1951, Series 129 (hereafter CO 129)
Hong Kong Government Gazette
Hong Kong Hansard
Lugard (Sir Frederick Lugard) Papers, MSS Brit Em p S 66 Rhode s House Library, University of Oxford Mr Chadwick's Report on the Sanitary Condition of Hong Kong, November 1882, Colonial Office, Eastern No 38 , CO 882/4 Public Record Office, London
Report from the Hongkong Land commission of 1886-1887 on the history of the sale, tenure, and occupatio n o f the crown lands o f the colony wit h recommendations for their future regulation and control and the facilitation of transfer, and also on the alleviation of overcrowding in the City of Victoria, together with appendix (Hong Kong Governmen t Printers, 1887) Sessional Papers 1921, 1923, 1931, 1938, 1939
Newspapers:
China Mail
Chinese Recorder and Missionary Journal
Chinese Repository China Review
Chung Ngoi San Po 4^b0ffl *
The Daily Press
Financial Post Daily
The Fraserburgh Herald
Friend of China
Hong Kong Daily Press
Hong Kong Mercury
Hong Kong Telegraph
Ming Pao Daily
Montreal Gazette
The Pall Mall Gazette
South China Morning Post
Times (London)
Wah Tsz Yat Po �D�D 0 $&
Winnipeg Free Press
The Yellow Dragon (Hong Kong Queen' s College school magazine)
Theses:
Catron, Gary Wayne, China and Hong Kong, 1945-1967, P h D thesis , Harvard University, 197 1
Chan, Kwok-shmg, The Dynamics of Patrilineal Descent Property Transfer in a Chinese Lineage Village, M Phil thesis, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, 1996
Chan, Kwong-tak, Local Chinese elites in Hong Kong and the Problem of Divided Loyalties The 1905 Anti-American Boycott and The 1908 Anti-Japanese Boycott, B A thesis , University of Hong Kong, 1987
Chan, Mmg K , Labor and Empire the Chinese Labor Movement in the Canton Delta, 1895-1927, P h D thesis , Stanford University, 1975 Chen, Man-jue, Chinese Revolutionaries in Hong Kong, 1895-1911, M A thesis , University of Hong Kong, 1963
Chan, Selina Ching,Tradition Inherited, Tradition Reinterpreted A Chinese Lineage in the 1990s, Ph D thesis, Trinity, Jesus College, University of Oxford, 1995
Chan, Wing-hoi,Traditional Folksongs in the Rural Life of Hong Kong, M A thesis, Queen's University of Belfast, 198 5
Chiu, Wai-fu,Nationality and Identities of Hong Kong People in Transition to 1997, M A thesis , Leicester Umversity m association with University of Hong Kong, 1994
Chow, Pauline Lo-sai, Ho Kai and Lim Boon Keng A Comparative Study of Tripartite Loyalty of Colonial Chinese elite, 1895-1912, M A thesis , University of Hong Kong, 1987
BIBLIOGRAPHY 27
Fung, Chi-mmg, History at the Grassroots Rickshaw Pullers in the Pearl River Delta of South China, Ph D thesis , University of Hong Kong, 1996
Lam, Man-sum, Hong Kong and China's Reform and Revolutionary Movements an analytical study of the reports of four Hong Kong English newspapers, 1895-1912, M Phil thesis , University of Hong Kong, 1984
Liu Tik-sang, Becoming Marginal A Fluid Community and Shamanism in the Pearl River Delta of South China, Ph D thesis, University of Pittsburgh, 199 5
Lock, Chung-sum , Andy, To Live and Work in Peace and Contentment the political attitudes of Hong Kong Chinese, with special reference to the China factor, from the late 1940s to the late 1950s, M Phil thesis , University of Hong Kong, 1993
Lorenzo, May Kwan, The Attitude of Communist China Toward Hong Kong, M A Thesis , University of Chicago, 1959
Ma, Ym-chung, Hong Kong's Responses to the Sino-Japanese Conflicts From 1931 to 1941 Chinese Nationalism in a British Colony, M Phil Thesis , University of Hong Kong, 2001
Ng, Ting-fun, Hong Kong A Study of its Relationships with China and Britain Since 1949, Ph D thesis , University of London, 1981
Smith, Carl T , Schools and Scholars English Language Education in the China Mission in the First Half of the Nineteenth Century and its Results, M A Thesis, Union Theological Seminary, New York, 1962
Taylor, Ernest Samuel, Hong Kong as a factor in British relations with China, 1834-1860, M Phil thesis , University of London, 1967
Ting, Sun-pao, Xianggang zaoqi zhi huaren shehui [Earl y Chinese community in Hong Kong 1841-1870], Ph D Thesis , University of Hong Kong, 1989 Wong, Cheuk-ym, The Communists-inspired Riots in Hong Kong, 1967 a multi-
actors approach, M Phil thesis , University of Hong Kong, 2000
Articles:
Aijmer, Goran, "Expansion and Extension in Hakka Society," Journal of the Hong Kong Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, Vo l 7 (1967), pp 43-7 9 Berkowitz, Morns, "Plover Cove Village to Tai Po Market," Journal of the Hong Kong Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, Vol 8 (1968), pp 96-10 8 Berkowitz, Morns, "The Fading of Earthbound Compulsion in a Chinese Village Population Mobility and its Economic Implication," in Ambrose Y C King and Ranee P L Le e (eds ), Social Life and Development in Hong Kong (Hong Kong Chines e University Press, 1984), pp 105-12 6 Bickley, Gillian, "The Medium of Instruction m Hong Kong Wh y was it Ever English9"m Verner Bickley (ed ), Language Use, Language Teaching and the Curriculum (Hong Kong Institut e of Language in Education, 1991), pp 6^17 Birch, Alan, "The Lamb and the Dragon, Sino-Western Cross-cultural Influence s
upon Hong Kong History," unpublished paper presented at the conferenc e on Hong Kong: Its People, Traditions, and Culture, organized by the Centre of Asian Studies, University of Hong Kong, April 15-16, 1983.)
Cheng, Sui-kwan, "Yuen Long New Market: Its Origin and Development," South China Studies, Vol.1 (1994), pp. 124-133. Choi, Chi-cheung, "Studies on Hong Kong Jiao festivals," Journal of the Hong Kong Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, Vol . 30 (1990), pp. 26^-3.
Choi, Chi-cheung, "Reinforcing Ethnicity: The Jiao Festival in Cheung Chau," in David Faure and Helen Siu (eds.), Down to Earth: The Territorial Bond in South China (Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press, 1996), pp. 104-122.
Detrie, Muriel, "Chinese Buddhism in Western Eyes: Analysis of a Cross-Cultural Phenomenon,"Canadian Review of Comparative Literature, Vol . 24, No.4 (1997), pp. 857-869.
Enadcott, G. B., "A Hong Kong History: Europe in China, by E. J. Eitel: The Man and the Book," Journal of Oriental Studies. Vol . 4, No. 1 & 2 (1957-58), pp. 41-65.
Faure, David, Bernard H. K. Luk, and Alice Ngai-ha Lun Ng, "The Hong Kong Region According to Historical Inscriptions," in David Faure, James Hayes, and Alan Birch (eds.), From Village to City: studies in the traditional roots of Hong Kong society (Hon g Kong: Centre of Asian Studies, University of Hong Kong, 1984), pp. 43-54.
Franke, Wolfgang, "European Sinology in the 19th Century," Canadian Review of Comparative Literature Vol . 24, No. 4 (December 1997), pp. 887-897.
Groves, Robert, "The Origins of Two Market Towns in the New Territories," in The Hong Kong Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society (ed.), Aspect of Social Organization in the New Territories (Hong Kong: Ye Olde Printerie Limited, 1964), pp. 16-26.
Groves, Robert , "Militia , Marke t an d Lineage : Chines e Resistanc e t o th e Occupation of Hong Kong's New Temtories," Journal of the Hong Kong Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, Vol . 9 (1969), pp. 31-64.
Hase, Patrick H., "The Work of the District Officer, an d His Role in New Town Development," in The New Territories and its Future (Hong Kong: The Hong Kong Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, 1982), pp. 51-60.
Hase, Patrick H., "Observations at a Village Funeral," in From Village to City: studies in the traditional roots of Hong Kong society, pp. 129-163. Hase, Patrick H., "The Alliance of Ten: Settlement and Politics in the Shataukok Area," in Down to Earth, pp. 23-160.
Hayes, James, "The Traditional Background: Hong Kong Villages in the 1950s," in Patrick H. Hase and Elizabeth Sinn (eds.), Beyond the Metropolis: Villages in Hong Kong (Hong Kong: Joint Publishing Ltd., 1995), pp. 17-34.
Johnson, Elizabeth, "Grieving for the Dead, Grieving for the Living: Funera l Laments of Hakka Women," in James L. Watson and Evelyn Rawski (eds.), Death Ritual in Late Imperial and Modern China (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1988), pp. 135-163.
BIBLIOGRAPHY 27
Johnson, Graham, "Leaders and Leadership in an expanding New Territorie s Town," China Quarterly (Marc h 1977) , pp 109-12 5
Lee, Jane C Y , "The new positioning of Hong Kong after reunification with Mainland China," in Billy K L So, John Fitzgerald, Huang Jianh and James K Chi n (eds ), Power and Identity in the Chinese World Order Festschrift in Honour of Professor Wang Gungwu (Hong Kong Hon g Kong University Press, 2003), pp 121-13 7
Lee Ming-kwan, "The Evolution of the Heung Yee Kuk as a Political Institution," in From Village to City studies in the traditional roots of Hong Kong society, pp 164-17 7
Lee Pui-tak, "Chinese Merchants in Hong Kong Colonial Context, 1850-1910, " in Wong Siu-lun and Toyojiro Maruya (eds ), Hong Kong Economy and Society Challenges in the New Era (Jointly published by the Centre of Asian Studies, the University o f Hong Kon g an d the Institute o f Developin g Economies, Tokyo, 1998), pp 61-8 6
Lee Pui-tak, "To Ban and Counter Ban Cantones e Cinema Caught Betwee n Shanghai and Hong Kong in the 1930s," in Wong Ainhng (ed ), The Hong Kong-Guangdong Film Connection (Hong Kong Hon g Kong Film Archive, 2005), pp 30^-9
Legge, James, "The Colony of Hong Kong," Journal of the Hong Kong Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, Vo l 11(1971) , pp 172-19 3
Li, Peide, "Shijiu shij i Xianggang yueshang zhi shangye wangluo" [Busines s Networks of Hong Kong Cantonese Merchants in the Nineteenth Century], in Ye Xianen and Bian Encai (eds ), Zhongguo chuantong shehui jingji yu xiandaihua [Modernizatio n and Traditional Chinese Society and Economy] (Guangzhou Guangdon g Renmin Chubanshe, 2001), pp 177-20 6 Li, Peide, "Zaoqi Xianggang maiban de renji wangluo" [The personal networks of Chinese compradors in early Hong Kong], in Chu Yin-wah and Chang Wei-an (eds ), Liangan sandijingji shehuixue shehui wenhua defenxi [Econom y and society a social-cultural analysis of Taiwan, Hong Kong, and mainland China] (Taipei Sheng-chi h Book Co , Ltd , 2001), pp 141-15 3 Louis, W R , "Hong Kong, the critical phase, 1945-49," American Historical Review, Vol 102 , No 4 (1997), pp 1052-108 4 Luk, Bernard H K , "Religion and custom," in T L Tsim and B H K Luk (eds ), The Other Hong Kong Report (Hong Kong Chines e University Press, 1989), pp 317-33 2 Luk, Bernard H K, "Religion and custom," in The Other Hong Kong Report 1990 (Hong Kong Chines e University Press, 1990), pp 573-57 5 Luk, Bernard H K , "The emergence of a civil society in Hong Kong," in A Acharya (eds ), Human Rights and Democracy in Asia (forthcoming ) Mitter, Rana, "Complicity, Repression and Regionalism Ya n Baohang an d centripetal nationalism, 1931-49," Modern China, Vol 25 , No 1 (January, 1999), pp 44-6 8 Nelson, H G H , "The Chinese Descent System and the Occupancy Level of
Village Houses," Journal of the Hong Kong Branch of the Royal Asiatic
Society, Vol 9 (1969), pp 213-22 3
Nelson, H G H , "Ancestor Worship and Burial Practices," in Arthur P Wolf (ed ), Religion and Ritual in Chinese Society (Stanfor d Stanfor d Universit y Press, 1974), pp 251-27 8
O'Sullivan, R L , "The Anglo-Chinese College and The Early 'Singapor e Institution,'" Journal of Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, Vo l 61, No 2(1988) , pp 45-6 2
Palmer, Michael, "Th e Surface-subsoil For m of Divided Ownershi p i n Lat e Imperial China Som e Examples from the New Temtones of Hong Kong," Modern Asian Studies, Vol 21 , No 1 (1987), pp 1-11 9
Palmer, Michael, "Lineage and Urban Development in a New Temtones Market Town," in Hugh Baker and Stephen Feuchtwang (eds ), An old state in new settings studies in the social anthropology of China in memory of Maurice Freedman (Oxfor d JASO , 1991), pp 70-10 6
Polayni, Karl, "The Substantivist Revolution," in Edward LeClair and Harold Schneider (eds ), Economic Anthropology Readings in Theory and Analysis (New York Holt , Rinchart & Winston, 1968), pp 122-14 3
Potter, Jack M , "Cantonese Shamanism," in Arthur P Wolf (ed ), Religion and Ritual in Chinese Society (Stanford Stanfor d University Press, 1975), pp 207 -231
Sinn, Elizabeth, "A History of Regional Associations m Pre-war Hong Kong," in Elizabeth Sinn (ed ), Between East and West, Aspects of Social and Political Development in Hong Kong (Hong Kong Centr e of Asian Studies, University of Hong Kong, 1990), pp 159-18 6
Sinn, Elizabeth, "The Study of Local History in Hong Kong A Review," Journal of the Hong Kong Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, Vol 3 4 (1997), pp 147-169
Sinn, Elizabeth, "Fugitive m Paradise Wan g Tao and Cultural Transformation in Late 19th century Hong Kong," Late Imperial China, Vol 19 , No 1 (1998), pp 56-8 1
Sinn, Elizabeth, "Hon g Kong' s Rol e in the relationship betwee n Chin a an d Overseas Chinese," in Lynn Pan (ed ), Encyclopedia of the Chinese Overseas (Singapore Archipelag o Press and Landmark Books, 1998), pp 105-10 7
Skinner, William, "Marketing and Social Structure in Rural China," Journal of Asian Studies, Vol 2 4 (1964), pp 1^1 3 Smith, Carl T , "A Sense of History," Journal of the Hong Kong Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, Vol 2 6 (1986), pp 144-26 4 and Vol 2 7 (1987), pp 117-253
Sparks, Douglas, "Interethnic Interaction�X a Matter of Definition Ethnicit y in a Housing Estate m Hong Kong," Journal of the Hong Kong Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, Vol 1 6 (1976), pp 57-8 0
Strauch, Judith, "Community and Kinship in Southeastern China Th e View from the Multihneage Villages of Hong Kong," Journal of Asian Studies, Vo l XLIII, No 1 (November 1983), pp 21-5 0
BIBLIOGRAPHY 27
Strauch, Judith, "Middle Peasants and Market Gardeners, The Social Context of the 'Vegetable Revolution' in a Small Agricultural Community in the New Territories, Hong Kong," in From Village to City: studies in the traditional roots of Hong Kong society, pp. 191-205.
Szczepanick, Edwar d F., "The Embargo Effect o n China's Trade with Hon g Kong," Contemporary China, Vol. 2 (1958), pp. 85-93.
Tang, James T. H., "From Empire Defence to Imperial Retreat: Britain's Postwar China Policy and the Decolonization of Hong Kong," Modern Asian Studies, Vol. 28, No. 2 (1994), pp. 317-337.
Tsai, Jung-fang, "The Predicament of the Compradore Ideologists: He Qi (Ho Kai, 1859-1914) and Hu Li-yuan (1847-1916)," Modern China, Vol . 7, No. 2 (1981), pp. 191-225.
Twitchett, Denis, "Chinese Studies in Britain: A Review Article," Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society. 3 d Ser. 5, No. 2 (1995), pp. 245-252.
Ward, Barbara E., "Varieties of the Conscious Model: The Fishermen of South China," i n Michael Banto n (ed.) ,The Relevance of Models for Social Anthropology (London : Tavistock Publications Ltd., 1965), pp. 113-137.
Ward, Barbara E., "Not Merely Players: Drama, Art, and Ritual in Traditional China,"Man (N.S.) Vol. 14, No.1 (1979), pp. 18-39.
Ward, Barbara E., "Rediscovering our Social and Cultural Heritage in the New Territories," Journal of the Hong Kong Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, Vol. 20 (1980), pp. 116-124.
Watson, James L., "From the Common Pot: Feasting with Equals in Chines e Society,"Anthropos, Vol . 82 (1987), pp. 389-401.
Watson, Rubie S., "Girls" Houses and Working Women: Expressive Culture in the Pearl River Delta 1900-41," in Maria Jaschok and Suzanne Myers (eds.), Women and Chinese Patriarchy (London : Zed Books Ltd., 1994), pp. 25-44.
Watson, Rubie S., "Chinese Bridal Laments: The Claims of a Dutiful Daughter, " in Bell Yung, Evelyn Rawski, and Rubie S. Watson (eds.), Harmony and Counterpoint: Ritual Music in a Chinese Context (Stanford : Stanfor d University Press, 1996), pp. 107-129. Wong, C. T., "Changes in Agricultural Land Use in Hong Kong," in S.G. Davis (ed.), Symposium on Land Use and Mineral Deposits in Hong Kong, Southern China and South-East Asia (Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press, 1964), pp. 60-69. Wong, C. T., "Uses of Agricultural Land: Some Changes in New Territorie s Farming Patterns," in D. J. Dwyer (ed.), The Changing Face of Hong Kong: proceedings of a week-end symposium of the Royal Asiatic Society, Hong Kong Branch (Hong Kong: The Hong Kong Branch of Royal Asiatic Society, 1971), pp. 17-35. White, Robin M., "Hong Kong's Nationality and the British Empire," Hong Kong Law Journal, Vol. 9, No.1 (1989), pp. 10-42. Zhang, Jingxian, "Lu n Zhongguo Guda i Shangdi-gua n zh i Tedian" [O n th e characteristics of the Concept Shangdi in Ancient China], Lishi Jiaoxue, No . 2 (1992), pp. 2-6.
Books:
Aijimer, Goran, Economic Man in Sha Tin: Vegetable Gardeners in a Hong Kong Village (London: Curzon Press, 1979). Airlie, Shiona,Thistle and Bamboo: The Life and Times of Sir James Stewart Lockhart (Hon g Kong: Oxford University press, 1989). Anderson, Eugene, Essays on South China's Boat People (Taipei: Orient Cultural Service, 1972). Baker, Hugh , A Chinese Lineage Village: Sheung Shui (Stanford : Stanfor d University Press, 1968).
Barnett, Suzanne Wilson & John King Fairbank. (eds.), Christianity in China; Early Protestant Missionary Writings (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1985).
Bergere, Marie-Claire, Sun Yat-sen (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1977).
Bickley, Gillian, The Golden Needle: The Biography of Frederick Stewart (1836-1889) (Hong Kong: David C. Lam Institute for East-West Studies, Hong Kong Baptist University, 1997).
Bickley, Gillian,The Development of Education in Hong Kong, 1841-1897: as Revealed by the Early Education Reports of the Hong Kong Government, 1848-1896 (Hon g Kong: Proverse Hong Kong, 2002).
Bickley, Verner,Searching for Frederick and Adventures along the Way (Hong Kong: Asia 2000, 2002).
Blake, Fred C, Ethnic Groups and Social Change in a Chinese Market Town (Honolulu: University Press of Hawaii, 1981).
Boardman, Robert, Britain and the People's Republic of China 1949-74 (Ne w York: Barnes & Noble, 1976).
Chan, Anthony, Arming the Chinese: the Western Armaments Trade in Warlord China, 1920-1928 (Vancouver : University of British Columbia Press, 1982).
Chan, Ming Kou (ed.) , Precarious Balance: Hong Kong Between China and Britain, 1842-1992 (Hon g Kong: Hong Kong University Press, 1994). Chan, Sau-yan, Improvisation in a Ritual Context: the Music of Cantonese Opera
(Hong Kong: Chinese University Press, 1991). Chan Lau, Kit-ching,China, Britain and Hong Kong, 1895-1945 (Hon g Kong: Chinese University Press, 1990).
Chan Lau, Kit-ching, From Nothing to Nothing: the Chinese Communist Movement and Hong Kong, 1921-1936 (Hon g Kong: Hong Kong University Press; London: Hurst & Co., 1999).
Chan Lau , Kit-chin g an d Pete r Cunich,An Impossible Dream: Hong Kong University from Foundation to Re-establishment, 1910-1950 (Hon g Kong: Oxford University Press, 2002).
Cheng, Siyuan,Wode huiyi [My Recollections] (Beijing: Huayi Chubanshe, 1994). Cheng, Siyuan, Bai Chongxi zhuan [Th e Biography of Bai Chongzi] (Beijing: Huayi Chubanshe, 1995). Cheng, Te-liang, Xianggang jingjifazhan yu wenhua: jianlun dui neidi de yingxiang
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Cheung, Wing-mui, Bianyuan yu Zhongxin: lun Xianggang zuoyi xiaoshuo zhong de "Xianggang", 1950-1967 [Centr e and periphery: Hong Kong in the leftist fictions, 1950-1967] (Hong Kong: Tiandi tushu youxian gongsi, 2003).
Choa, Gerald Hugh,The Life and Times of Sir Kai Ho Kai, Hong Kong (Hon g Kong: Chinese University Press, 1981).
Chung, Sze-yuen , Sir , "Hong Kong's new destiny:" a speech [Hon g Kong Polytechnic twentieth anniversary lectures] (Hong Kong: Information an d Public Relations Office, Hong Kong Polytechnic, 1993).
Clayton, David, Imperialism Revisited: political and economic relations between Britain and China 1950-54 (Basingstoke : Macmillan; New York: St. Martin's Press, 1997).
Cohen, Paul A., Bewteen Tradition and Modernity: Wang Tao and Reform in Late Ch'ing China (Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press, 1974). Constable, Nicole,Christian Souls and Chinese Spirits: A Hakka Community in Hong Kong (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1994). Constable, Nicole (ed.), Guest People: Hakka Identity in China and Abroad (Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1996). Dai, Dongpei, Gangqiao xuzhi [Director y of Hong Kong Chinese] (Hong Kong: Yongying guanggao she, 1933).
Deng, Kaisong and Lu Xiaomin, Yuegangao jindai guanxishi [Th e history of modem Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Relations] (Guangzhou: Guangding renmin chubanshe, 1996). Deng, Kaisong and Lu Xiaomin, Yuegang guanxishi 1840-1894 [Th e history of Guangdong an d Hong Kong Relations, 1840-1894 ] (Hon g Kong : Qili n chubanshe, 1997). Drage, Charles, The Life and Times of Two-gun Cohen (Ne w York: Funk and Wagnals, 1954). Drake, F. S. (ed.), Symposium on Historical Archaeological and Linguistic Studies; on Southern China, South-East Asia and the Hong Kong Region (Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press, 1967). Dunn, Robert (comp.), Chinese-English & English-Chinese Dictionaries in the Library of Congress: An Annotated Bibliography (Washington : Library of Congress, 1977). Eitel, Ernest John,The Central School, Can it Justify its Raison D'etre? (Hon g Kong: Noronha & Sons, 1877). Eitel, Ernest John, The Chinese Term for God: Statement and Reply (London : T. Williams, 1877). Eitel, Ernest John, Europe in China; the History of Hongkong from the Beginning to the Year 1882 (London: Luzac & Company, 1895). Eitel, Ernest John, Fengshui: The Science of Sacred Landscape in Old China (London: Trubner & Co., 1873; 4th ed. London: Synergetic Press, 1984). Eitel, Ernest John, A Chinese-English Dictionary in the Cantonese Dialect, revised
and enlarged by Immanuel Gottlieb Genahr (Hong Kong: Kelly & Walsh, 1910).
Eitel, Ernest John, Buddhism: Its Historical, Theoretical And Popular Aspects Hong Kong: Lane, Crawford & Co., 1871; 3rd ed. (Hong Kong: Lane Crawford & Co., 1884).
Endacott, G. B., A History of Hong Kong (Hong Kong: Oxford University Press, 1958).
Endacott, G . B. ,Government and People in Hong Kong, 1841-1962: A Constitutional History (Hon g Kong: Oxford University Press, 1964).
Esherick, Joseph and Mary Rankin (eds.),Chinese Local Elites and Patterns of Dominance (Berkeley : University of California Press, 1990).
Factory and Home & Cottage Industries Sub-committee, Economic Resources Committee (Hong Kong), The Report with Minutes of Proceedings, Appendices and Illustrated Memorandum on Sericulture, Pig-breeding, Tobacco, Cotton, Fruit and Vegetable Growing (Hon g Kong, 1920).
Faure, David, James Hayes, and Alan Birch (eds.), From Village to City: studies in the traditional roots of Hong Kong society (Hon g Kong: Centre of Asian Studies, University of Hong Kong, 1984).
Faure, David, The Structure of Chinese Rural Society: Lineage and Village in the Eastern New Territories, Hong Kong (Hong Kong: Oxford University Press, 1986).
Faure, David, History of Hong Kong 1842-1984 (Hon g Kong: Tamarind Books, 1995). Faure, David (ed.), A Documentary History of Hong Kong: Society (Hon g Kong: Hong Kong University Press, 1997). Faure, David (ed.), Hong Kong: A Reader in Social History (Hon g Kong: Oxford University Press, 2003). Faure, David,Colonialism and the Hong Kong Mentality (Hon g Kong: Centre of Asian Studies, University of Hong Kong, 2003). Faure, David and Lee Pui-tak (eds.), A Documentary History of Hong Kong: Economy (Hon g Kong: Hong Kong University Press, 2004). Fei, Hsiao-tung, Hsiang tu Chung-kuo [Earthboun d China ] (Shanghai : Th e Shanghai Association of Observation, 1947). Fok, Kai-cheong, Lectures on Hong Kong History: Hong Kong's Role in Modern Chinese History (Hon g Kong: The Commercial Press, 1990). Fok, Kai-cheong, Xianggang yu jindai Zhongguo [Hon g Kong and Modem China] (Hong Kong: Commercial Press, 1992). Freedman, Maurice, Chinese Lineage and Society: Fukien and Kwantung (London : Athlone Press, 1966). Fu, Poshek, Between Shanghai and Hong Kong: the Politics of Chinese Cinemas (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2003). Fung, Edmund S.K.,The Diplomacy of Imperial Retreat: Britain's South China Policy (Hon g Kong: Oxford University Press, 1991). Gann, L.H. & Peter Duignan,The Rulers of British Africa, 1870-1914 (London : Croom Helm, 1978).
BIBLIOGRAPHY 28
Girardot, Norman,The Victorian Translation of China: James Legge's Oriental Pilgrimage (Berkeley : University of California Press, 2002).
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Hayes, James, The Hong Kong Region 1850-1911 (Hamden : Archon Books, 1977).
Hayes, James, The Rural Communities of Hong Kong: Studies and Themes (Hong Kong: Oxford University Press, 1983).
Hayes, James, Tsuen Wan: Growth of a "New Town", audits People (Hong Kong: Oxford University Press ,1993).
Head of the Government Central School/Victoria College/Queen's College, Annual Reports (HKGG) .
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Ho, Tsun-sheen (trans.) with a preface by James Legge,The Rambles of the Emperor Ch'ing Tih in KeangNan: A Chinese Tale (London: Longman, 1843).
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Hoe, Susanna, The Taking of Hong Kong: Charles and Clara Elliot in China Waters (Richmond, Surrey: Curzon Press, 1999).
Honey, David B., Incense at the Altar: Pioneering Sinologists and the Development of Classical Chinese Philology (Ne w Haven: American Oriental Society, 2001).
Hong Kong Government, Hong Kong Annual Report. (Hon g Kong: Government Printer, 1951). Hong Kong Government, Hong Kong 1970 (Hon g Kong: Government Printer , 1970). Hooper, Beverley,China Stands Up: Ending the Western Presence 1948-50 (Sydney: Allen and Unwin, 1986). Huang, Shaohong, Wushi huiyi [My Fifty Years of Recollections] (Taibei: Longwen Chubanshe, 1989). Huang, Zhaohan and Zheng Weiming, Xianggang yu Aomen zhi daojiao [Taois t Religion in Hong Kong and Macao] (Hong Kong: Calvarden Ltd., 1993).
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Jen, Yu-wen and Lindsay Ride, Sun Yat-sen: Two Commemorative Essays (Hon g Kong: Centre of Asian Studies, University of Hong Kong, 1977).
Jin, Yaoru, Zhonggong Xianggang zhengce miwen shilu: Jin Yaoru wushinian Xiangjiang yiwang [Th e Confidential Account of the Chinese Communist Party's Policy on Hong Kong: the fifty years memoirs of Jin Yaoru on Hong Kong] (Hong Kong: Tianyuan shuwu, 1998).
Johnson, Ehzabeth L., Recording a Rich Heritage: Research on Hong Kong's "New Territories" (Hon g Kong: Leisure and Cultural Services Department, Hong Kong SAR Government, 2000).
Kang, Baishi, Chen Jiongming zhuan [Th e Biography of Chen Jiongming] (Hong Kong: Wenyi Chushi, 1978). Ke Dawei, Lu Hongji and Wu-Lun Nixia, Xianggang beiming huibian [Historica l Inscriptions of Hong Kong], 3 volumes (Hong Kong: Urban Council, 1986). Kwok, Siu-tong and Kirti Narain, Co-prosperity in Cross-culturalism: Indians in Hong Kong (Hon g Kong: Chinese University Press, 2003).
Kwok, Siu-tong (ed.), Zoujin shequ mijiuqing: xunzhao Youjianwang jiuren jiushi [Going Inside the Community: a survey of the old residents and old tales of the Yau Ysim Mong District] (Hong Kong: Yau Tsim Mong District Board and the Community Culture Working Group, 2002).
Lang, Graeme and Lars Ragvald, The Rise of a Refugee God: Hong Kong's Wong Tai Sin (Hong Kong: Oxford University Press, 1993).
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Lau, Yun-woo, A History of the Municipal Councils of Hong Kong, 1883-1999: From the Sanitary Board to the Urban Council and the Regional Council (Hong Kong: Leisure and Cultural Service Department, 2002).
Lee, Pete r K . H . (ed.) ,Confucian-Christian Encounters in Historical and Contemporary Perspective (Lewiston : Edwin Mellen Press, 1992).
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Lee, Pui-tak (comp.), Annotated Bibliography of Hong Kong History (Hong Kong: Joint Publishing Co., 2001).
Legge, James (ed.), A Lexilogus of the English, Malay and Chinese Languages; Comprehending the Vernacular Idioms of the Last in the Hok-keen and Canton Dialects (Malacca : Mission Press, 1841).
Legge, James, Inaugural Lecture, on the Constituting of A Chinese Chair in the University of Oxford; Delivered in the Sheldonian Theatre, October 27, 1876 (Oxford: Trubner and Co., 1876).
Legge, James (trans.), The I Ching, The Sacred Books of China, No. 16: The Sacred Books of the East (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1899).
Legge, James, The Notion of the Chinese Concerning God and Spirits: with an Examination of the Defense of an Essay, on the Proper Rendering of the Words Elohim and Theos, into the Chinese Language, by William Boone, D. D., Missionary Bishop of the Protestant Episcopal Church of the United States to China (Hong Kong: Hong Kong Register Office, 1852) .
Legge, James, The Religions of China; Confucianism and Taoism Described and Compared with Christianity (London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1880).
Legge, James, A Letter to Professor F. Max Muller, Chiefly on the Translation into English of the Chinese Terms Ti and Shang Ti in Reply to A Letter to Him by "Inquirer" in The Chinese Recorder and Missionary Journal for May-June 1880 (London: Trubner and Co., 1880).
BIBLIOGRAPHY 28
Legge, James, A Record of Buddhistic Kingdoms, Being an Account by the Chinese Monk Fa-hein of Travels in India and Ceylon (A D 399-414) in Search of the Buddhist Books of Discipline (Oxford Clarendo n Press, 1886)
Legge, James, Christianity and Confucianism Compared in Their Teaching of the Whole Duty of Man (London Th e Religious Tract Society, 1883)
Legge, James, Confucianism in Relation to Christianity, A Paper Read before the Missionary Conference in Shanghai, on May 11th, 1877 (Shanghai Kell y & Walsh, 1877 )
Legge, James, The Chinese Classics Oxford Oxford University press, 1893, repr (Hong Kong Hon g Kong University Press, 1960)
Legge, James, The Nestonan Monument ofHsi-an Fu in Shen-hsi, China, Relating to the Diffusion of Christianity in China in the Seventh and Eighth Centuries with the Chinese Text of the Inscription, a Translation, and Notes and A Lecture on the Monument, with a Sketch of Subsequent Christian Missions in China And Their Present State (London Trubne r & Co , 1888)
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Index
1911 Revolution 84 , 169 Abeel, David 13 8 Aplichau 2 1 Artisan Masons' Guild 2 5 Ashton, Samuel 6 2
Bai Chongxi 15 7 Bank of China 21 5 Bank of England 199,21 7 Barnes, W.D. 7 4 Basic Law 1 , 88 Bell-Irving, J. 7 1 Birch, Alan 15 3 Blodget, Henry 14 7 Bombay 12 3 Bremer, Gordon 7 1 Bricklayers' Guild 25-2 6 Bridgman, Elijah Coleman 13 8 Britain (England, United Kingdom) 1 , 45, 52, 53, 59-60, 62, 70, 71, 82, 87, 93, 107, 112, 117 , 122 , 153, 207,211,217 bubonic plague 13 2 Butterfly and Swire 176 , 200-201 Butters, H.R. 3 2
Canada 5 7 Canton (Guangzhou) 13 , 16, 21, 24, 28, 42, 75, 78, 123, 162, 171, 173, 183, 188, 203, 209 Carpenters' Guild 25-2 6 Causeway Bay 3 1
Central School (Queen' s College) 4 , 44, 118-119 , 121, 124, 127, 132, 154 Chadwick, Osbert 10 , 12, 14 Chadwick Report 1882 10,3 2 Chan Kai-ming 7 6 Chang Ming-chi 7 4 Chater, C.P. 7 1 Chau Siu-ki 76 , 80 Chen Jintao 2 Chen Jiongming 156 , 159, 163 Chen Jitang 16 2 ChenLianbo 17 4 Cheng Siyuan 15 8 Chiang Kai-shek (Jiang Jieshi) 155 , 159, 177 China (Mainland China) 1,20,31,43 -44, 48-49, 53, 57, 70, 73, 76, 82, 87, 90 , 93, 103 , 108 , 117 , 119 , 121, 137, 145, 147, 167, 189, 201, 209, 213 China Mail 66 , 123 China Products Company 19 3 Chinese Club 17 5 Chinese Language Movement 5 0 Chinese Manufacturers ' Unio n o f Hong Kong 18 8 Choa, G.H.1 2 Chow Shou-son (Zhou Shouchen) 28 -30, 165, 171 City Hall 18 , 145, 147, 176 Civil War 16 6
Closer Economi c Partnershi p Arrangement (CPEA) 5 Cohen, Maunce Two-Gun 16 4 Colonial Office 12 , 14, 17-19, 71, 73, 78, 208, 212 Colonial Secretary 74 , 83 Colonial Surgeon 12-15 , 17, 19, 21 Communism 170 , 174, 177, 182
Dade College 2 Daily Press 6 7 Dalian 158 , 164 Deane, Walter Meredith 15 0 Deng Xiaoping 16 1 Deng Zhongxia 17 5 DesVoeus, GW 6 1 Des Voeus, William 12 2 Diaoyutai Movement 5 0 Distnct Watch Forc e 44 , 170, 180 Dyer, Samuel 13 8
East Asia 145 , 197 East India Company 13 7 Edge, J C 6 0 Eighth Route Army Hong Kong Office 2 Eitel, E J 18-19,13 8 Elliott, Charles 7 2 Endacott, GB 82,15 2 ethnic identity 9 Eurasian 12 9 Europe 54 , 74, 108, 186 Executive Council 14 , 71, 170
Fanling 90-9 1 Fanling Rural Committee 9 8 Fatshan 1 6 Feng Yuxiang 158 , 160, 165 Fleming, Francis 6 2 Foochow (Fuzhou) 123 , 188 Foreign Office 208 , 212, 217 Fnend of China 58 , 66 Fu Bmgchang 2 Fujian 13 8
Germany 7 7 Gockchm, Philip (Guo Quan) 19 2 Goldsmith, AG 6 1 Guangdong (Kwangtung) 5 , 28, 32, 34-35, 46 , 48-49, 54 , 92 , 114 , 138, 144 , 153 , 156 , 158 , 162 , 170-171, 172, 177, 180, 194 Guangzhou-Hong Kong-Stnke Boycott 1925-26 175 , 182 Guangxi 46 , 144, 155, 162 Gutzalff, Karl 119 , 138
Hakka 113 , 144 Halhfax,ER 7 4 Hankou 18 8 Hennessy, John Pope 12-13 , 18, 23, 60, 125, 151 Heung Yee Kuk 90-91 , 98, 107 HoFook 7 6 Ho Kai 12 , 17, 44, 70, 76, 78, 80, 84-85, 125-12 6 Ho Tung 119 , 125-126, 171, 181 Hong Kong Buddhist Association 40 -41 Hong Kon g Chines e Chambe r o f Commerce 30 , 174, 192 Hong Kong Civil Service 8 3 Hong Kong College of Medicine 12 2 Hong Kong culture 5 7 Hong Kong education system 13 1 Hong Kon g Federatio n o f Catholi c Students 5 0 Hong Kon g Genera l Chambe r o f Commerce 61 , 71, 148, Hong Kong government 40 , 44, 47, 53, 55, 92-93, 117, 119, 135, 138, 149, 153 Hong Kong Island 4 9 Hong Kong Overseas Chinese National Goods Manufacturers ' Unio n 186-187 Hong Kong people 57 , 73, 198 Hong Kong police 177 , 181
INDEX 29
Hong Kong products 191,19 8 Hong Kong Protestant Cemetery 11 9 Hong Kong Taoist Association 4 1 Hong Kong Tramway Company 8 4 Hong Kong Seamen's Strike 1922 17 1 Hong Kong Seamen's Union 17 1 Hong Kong society 40 , 47, 55, 69 Hong Kong University 53 , 80, 106, 181 Hongkong Bank (HSBC) 199 , 201, 203,211,215 Hu Hanmin 7 5 Huang Shaoxiong 15 7
India 21 0 Indonesia 18 8 Ip Lan Chuen 191 , 193
Japan 77 , 123, 208 Japanese invasio n (occupation ) 55 , 166, 186 Jardine Matheson & Co. 71,200,215 -216 Justice of Peace 17 0
Kennedy, Arthur 121 , 124, 150 Kennedy Town 3 1 Korean War 156,21 1 Kotewall, Robert (Lo Xuhe) 165 , 176, 181, 191 Kowloon 36 , 48-49, 109, 213 Kowloon Walled City 4 8 Kowloon-Canton Railway 7 7 Kuo Sung Tao 12 4
Lau Chu-pak 30 , 76, 78, 80, 171, 181 Lechler, Rudolf 14 4 Legge, James 45 , 120, 138 Legislative Council 12,20,61,63,71 , 75, 79-80, 81, 84-85, 148 , 149, 170-171, 176 Li Hongzhang 2 Li Jishen 15 6
Li Lisan 17 8
Li Zongren 155 , 165
Lian Guan 2
Liao Chengzhi 2
Lo Pan Temple 2 4
Lobscheid, William 13 8
London 18, 62, 63, 147, 166, 208
London Missionary Society 120 , 135
Luen Wo Land Investment Compan y Limited 91,9 4
Luen Wo Market 89 , 94, 100
Lugard, Frederick 70 , 73
Macau (Macao) 5 , 13, 199, 203-204, 207, 212-213 Malacca 13 , 136, 137, 153 Man Mo Temple 23,43,4 8 Manila 20 7 Mass Transit Railway 4 8 Master Masons' Guild 2 4 May, Francis Henry 70 , 81, 83 Merchant Corps Incident 1924 172 , 174, 182 Mongkok Workers' Children's School 55 Morrison, Robert 13 6 Mui-tsai problem 15 1
Nam Pak Hong 20 , 23-24, 180 Nam Tau (Nantou) 21 , 23, 42 Nanjing 156 , 159, 162, 188 Neoh, Anthony (Liang Dingbang) 2 Netherlands 9 3 New Guangxi Clique 15 5 New Territories 3 , 20, 28, 42, 84, 89-90, 92-93, 103 , 105, 107, 113, 134 Ng Choy (Wu Tingfang) 2 , 12, 44 Ng Hon-tsz 76 , 80 Nicoll, J.F. 21 1 North, Alfred 13 8 Northern Expedition 155 , 160, 167
One Country Two Systems 1 , 2, 88 Owen,W.H. 3 1
Pakistan 210,21 4 Pan Hannian 2 Pang Fu-wah 96-9 7 Peking (Beijing) 125 , 160 Penang 1 3 Peng Pai 17 9 Philippines 18 8 Phillippo, George 12 1 Po Leung Kuk 23 , 43-44, 151-152 , 170, 172
Regional Council 10 5
Registrar General 14 , 23, 27, 74
Robinson, Hercules 14 9
Robinson, William 13 1
Rules and Regulations with respect to Chinese graves 1 9
Saigon 13 , 123 Saiyingpun (Syingpun) 13 , 24 Sanitary Board 12 , 17, 78, 80 Sha Tau Kok 28,91 , 101, 111 Shanghai 60 , 78, 123, 138, 148, 158, 164, 188, 192, 199-202, 204, 209, 216 Shantou 20 3 Shatin 11 1 Shek Wo Market 9 0 Shektongtsui 2 4 Sheung Shui 92-9 3 Sheung Wan 7 3 Singapore 123 , 188, 202, 208 Sino-British Joint Declaration 8 8 Smith, Cecil Clementi 15 0 South China 3 , 46, 156, 166, 186 Southeast Asi a 136 , 186 , 188-189 , 194, 197 Soviet Union (Russia) 158 , 183, 207 Star Ferry riots 49 Stubbs, Reginald 171 , 175
Sun Chuanfang 16 3 Sun Yat-sen 44 , 77, 126, 129, 158, 166, 172-173, 182-183 Supreme Court 60 , 152 Surveyor General 12-14,16-1 9
TaiPo 10 7 Taikoo Dockyard 3 4 Taipingshan 10-11 , 16, 22, 24, 43 Taiwan 16 6 TangTingshu 2 Tarrant, William 14 8 Thomson, Ross 28-3 0 Tian Chu 18 9 Tientsin (Tianjin) 123 , 158, 160, 164, 200-202, 204 Tonnochy, Malcolm Stman 15 0 Treaty of Nanking 7 1 Tso Seen-wan 17 6 Tsun Wan Daily News 4 5 Tuen Mun 11 1 Tung Wah Hospital 13 , 23, 42-43, 170, 172, 174, 176
United Nations 199 , 211, 213 United State s (America ) 107 , 166 , 186, 199, 202, 207, 209 Urban Council 7 8 urbanization 9
Vietnam 18 8
Wah Tsz Yat Po (Huazi ribao) 174 , 186 Wanchai 18,24,3 4 Wang Chonghui 2 Wang Jingwei 159 , 163 Wang Ming 17 8 Wang Tao 4 5 War Office 1 4 Wei Yuk 75-76 , 78, 125
What Hong Kong Chinese People Must Know 36
INDEX 29
Whyte, John Charles 59 Ya n Xishan 160 Williams, Samuel Wells 148 Yaumat i 31 Wilson, David 133 Young , G.M. 176 Wong Tai Sin Temple 48 Yua n Shikai 182 Wright, George Bateson 11 9 Yuehu a Company 2
Xiamen 188 , 203 Zhan g Zongchang 163 XuDixin 2 Zho u Enlai 178