Church of England, 40
Church Missionary Society, 114 Churchill, Winston, and mui tsai, 228-9; on holding Hong Kong, 254; his orders prevent surrender
of Hong Kong, 260
City Hall (19th century), museum, 139; 217, 299; theatre, scene of enquiry, 309-10
Civic Association, formed, 275 Civil Affairs (Military Planning)
Unit, London, 265-6 Civil Hospital, enlarged, 97; 100 Civil Service Examinations, Chinese,
absence of in Hong Kong, 104 Clementi, Sir Cecil, background, 233; 233; diplomacy, 233; recog- nizes KMT, appoints first Chinese to Executive Council, 244 Cleverly, Charles, and Government
House, 166
Clock tower, 101-2; demolished,
219-20; and Stephens, 220 Co-hong, the, 6-7, monopoly
abolished, 30
Co Sinwan, Dr (Ts'o Seen-wan),
strike-breaker, 229-30
Coastal regiments, 255 Coates, Austin, on the 'Whitewash Brigade', 186; on strikers, 227; 330
Cochrane, Lord, 61 Cochrane, Sir T., 61 Colborne, General, protests to War
Office, 134 Colonial cemetery, ix Colonial chaplain, 40, 77 Colonial church, 56
Colonial Surgeon, 63
Commercial Inn, 56 Commonwealth. Preference, 295 Communist Party of China, Labour
Secretariat of, and the Hoi Yuen, 228
Communist regime, 167 Compton, Charles, 51
Conduit Road, 96; origin of name,
132 Confucius, and the Tung Wah, 106 Conscription, 251
Constitutional Reform Association, and Executive and Legislative Councils, 244
Consul (British), at Guangzhou, 75,
79, 79
Consular Court (Guangzhou), 78 Convention of Beijing, 93 Cook, Capt., 140
Coolies, in mid-19th century, ix; in
20th century, 231 Cooper, J., 332
Cornwallis, HMS, 29, 30 Corruption, in Sanitary Board, 209; Chinese view, 209; origins, opportunities for, instances, 209; police, 209; in ARP Dept., 252- 3; 306-19; roots of, 306-8; nature of, concepts about, 313; problems of eradication, 313– 14; and the opium trade, 313; Pennefather-Evans investigation of, 313
Craigie-Arita Agreement 1939,
250
Cressal, P. E. F., dies in Stanley
camp, 252
Cricket, annual match against
Shanghai C. C., 220 Crime, 48, 62, 71; Punti-Hakka battle, 95; wave of, 126; serious rise in, 127; upsurge in, 130; kidnapping, 142
Crimean War, 76, 135 Crisswell, C., 343
Crown Lands Resumption Ordi-
nance, 166
Cultural life (in Hong Kong), grow-
ing, 304-5
Cultural Revolution (China), reflec-
tions in Hong Kong, 308, 310 Cumshaw, 83
Currency, legal tender, reform, 98;
post-war problems with, 271 Curzon, Hon. C. V., 330 Curzon, Hon. G. N. (later Lord), on merchant fortunes in Hong Kong, 178; on Victoria (city), 182; 330 Customs stations (Chinese), re-
moved from Shen Zhen, 195; relocated, 195; 196
D'Aguilar, Major-General G. C., Lieutenant-Governor, residence,
ix; cancels 'Bamboo Ordinance', 48; 52, 53, 61
D'Aguilar Street, 56
'Dairies' (Chinese), 153-5 Danish Trans-Siberian cable, 125 Daughters of Charity, the, 114 Davis, Sir John Francis, at Guang- zhou, 13; Governor, 44-53, background, 44-5; letter to Stanley, 46; and monopolies, 47; raises revenue, 47; and the police, 47; attempts to register the populace, 48; on opium, 50; re- signs, 52; and China war, 53; later career of, 54, 57; letters to Stanley, 60-1; 70; and educa- tion, 113; proclamation on legal tender, 328
Deane, W. M., 126; reproved, 133–
4; 229
Deep Bay, 193
Deep Water Bay, 219, settled in
1920s, 287
Dempster, J. C., army surgeon, harsh
critic of the administration, 86 Dent and Company, 56, forming a bank, 98; failure of, 114, 121 Dent, Sir J. M., 61, 88 Derby, Lord, approves new legis-
lature, 168
Des Voeux Road, 224
Des Voeux, Sir William, arrives in Hong Kong, 164; encounters petition against Sanitary Board, 166; and new building, 166; vacillation of, 166; opinions on reclamation, 171; isolated in Mountain Lodge, 176; sums up Hong Kong's progress, 179 Diocesan Native Female School, 114 Diocesan Native Training School,
113
District Watch Committee, the Chinese, 109, 110-11; staff, origins, 110; formation, aims, staffing, III
District Watch Force, 110, 245 Donovan, General, objects to 'health
hazard' of Chinese housing, 143; and Executive Council, 147; and the military band, 147; complains of Chinese, 156 Door Gods, 197 Douglas Castle, 180 'Douglas Hotel', 95 'Drain gang', 95
Duddell, George, buys opium mon- opoly, 50; speculation in land, 70; takes over a bakery, 83; 307 Duddell Street, 177 Duppa, Brian E., 76
E Sing Bakery, the, 82 East India Company, officer, ix; and
tea, 8; end of monopoly, 12 East Point, 33, 77 Eaton, Miss, I 14 Edger, J. F., 86
Edinburgh, Duke of, in Hong Kong,
120
Education, 62, problems of in Mac- donnell's time, 11-18; thirst for, dilemma of, 111; and West- ern evangelism, 112-13, dif- ferences between Western and Chinese, II2; Government- assisted schools, 113; missionary schools, 114; Britain and grants for Chinese schools, 113; secular versus religious, 116–17; school population 1854, 116; cost, 117; girls' school in Victoria, 117; school population 1865, 118; Stewart and the Central School, Chinese educational preferences in, 117; school population in 1877-82, 150; success of Grant- in-aid Scheme, 149-50; encour- aged in the New Territories, 198; problems and progress, 202-4; university education, 212-13; inter-war expenditure on, 242; progress in, 242-3; teacher train- ing, 242; superintendent of phys- ical, appointed, 242; post-war, 287-92; numbers of pupils, 288-90; Llewellyn Report, 189- 90; types of secondary schools, 290; post-war university develop- ment, 290-2; Chinese University set up, Baptist College founded,
292
Education Act (in Britain), effects in
Hong Kong, II2 Education Committee, the, policy
of, 116
Edward VII, King, accession of, 213 Eitel, E. J., on the choice of Hong Kong island, 4, 5; on the seizure of Hong Kong, 27; situation in 1843, 35; 37, 39; on Bible transla- tion, 40; 42; on Pottinger, 43, 48; on the Hulme dispute, 51; on Davis, 53; on Qiying, 53; on Hulme, 71; on 'Christian' force, on Bowring, 75; 76; opinion of Robinson, 100; 108; on the Man Mo Temple Committee, 110; on education under Davis, 113; his wife, 114; on the Stamp Ordin- ance, 122; on gambling, 123; on Macdonnell, 128; on Kennedy, 137; on land speculation, 143;
Index 351
his background, 145; 145; as first historian of Hong Kong, 145; on the Hayllar affair, 145-6; un- popular in Hong Kong, 146; Europe in China, estimate of Hennessy's governorship, 146; and Hennessy's dispatches, 146; apology to Hayllar, 146; con- tinues as Inspector of Schools, 146; turned down for post of Chinese Secretary, 147; retires, 202; 327, 328, 329, 330; on typhoon damage, 334 Elgin, Lord, 80, 81, 88 Eliot, Sir Charles, 213 Elliot, Capt. Charles, RN, 4; writes to Palmerston, 11; appointed to Guangzhou, 13; background, 14; and opium, 15-16; calls himself yuan-chi, 14; surrenders opium, 18; forbids British to trade, 20; and first episode of gunboat dip- lomacy, 21-2; dismissed, 24; de- clares Hong Kong a free port, 33; demarcates land in Hong Kong, 33-4; establishes first admin- istration, 34-5; escapes death, 35, 68 Elliot, Elsie, hailed by protestor, 308-9; sentenced by Hogan,
310
Emden (German cruiser), exploits
of, 222
Emergency Regulations, issued Sept.
1937, 246-7; of 1939, 251 Empress Dowager, dies, 215 Endacott, G. B., 2; on choice of Hong Kong, 27; on Caine, 38; on Mercer, 46; on branding, 49; on 'poor whites', 64; on Bonham, 67; on Bowring, 75; on Hen- nessy's administrative ineptitude, 149; 327, 328, 329, 330, 331, 332, 335, 336 'European Century', the, in China,
64
Evans, Sir Richard, 321 Evening Standard, the (London),
320
Executive Council, the, set up, 41;
77, 91-2;
91-2; and finance for reclamation, 132; membership increased, 134; changes under Bowen, Des Voeux, 167; Ripon's recommendation on, 190; 228, 244; first Chinese member of (1926), 244; membership, 275; expresses anxiety about 1997, 321; kept informed of negotia- tions on 1997 accord, 322 Expeditionary Force, 80
352
Index
'Factories', at Guangzhou, 6-7; re-
occupied, 24; fire at, 82 Factory Inspectorate, under the
Urban Council, 244 Fanling Hunt, the, 246
Far Eastern Economic Review, 312 Feliciani, Antonio, 40
Feltham, S. C., designs for Fanling Lodge, 273; and the Japanese, 273
Fever, epidemics 1842, 39, 62;
death rate in 1848, 72 Fire, in Queen's Road, Christmas
1878, seen by Isabella Bird, 150– 1; 'dispensation of providence', 156; Shek Kip Mei, 283 First China War, 13
First World War, see World War I Fitters and Turners Guild, Guang-
zhou, 227-8
Flagstaff House (General's House,
Head Quarter House, now Mu- seum of Tea Ware), 33, 57
Fleet, Siberian, 76
Fleming, F., administers the govern-
ment, 164
Flogging, 48, 49, 126, 127 Floyd, W. F., 155
Ford, Charles, advice on New
Territories agriculture, 197
Foreign Office, General Correspon-
dence, 327
Foster, Sir Norman, architect of the
new Hongkong and Shanghai Bank, 241
France, 80
Freedman, Maurice, 104, 329 Friend of China, The, 31, 36, 48;
on Davis, 53; 83, 84
Fryer, Dr J., and St Paul's College,
113
Fujian Province, II
Fujimura, Seichi, redesigns Govern-
ment House, 273 Fung Man-siu, 181
Fung Ping Shan, Chinese Library, given to University of Hong Kong,
243
Fung Wah-chuen (Fung Shui), back-
ground, 181 Fuzhou, 5, 30
Galatea, HMS, 120 Gambling, 124-6; increasing in
Kowloon, 130; 303 Gaol, gaolers, 56; inadequacy of, 95; Hennessy condemns, 141; proposed move to Stonecutters island, 141 Garden and Afforestation Dept.,
active under Kennedy, 136
Garden Road, 61, 221, 311 Gascoigne, Major-General W. J.,
raises flag at Tai Po Hui, 194 Gazette, The Government, of May 1841, 4; published in Chinese, 92; warning on locally made 'cash', 144; and police corrup- tion, 209
General's House, see Flagstaff
House
Gibb, H. B., and the Legislative
Council, 144
Gibb, Livingstone and Company,
55
Gibraltar, 73
Gimson, F. C., arrives in Hong Kong as Colonial Secretary Dec. 1941, 249; leaves Stanley camp, takes over administration, 216;
Lieutenant-Governor,
as
267
Gin, Dutch, II
266,
Gindrinkers Bay, see Tsuen Wan Gindrinkers Line, 254, 256, 257,
258
Gladstone, W. E., on Hong Kong,
31
Glasgow, 8
Glen Line, 207
Gneisenau, German cruiser, sinking
of, 222
Godber, Peter, corrupt police officer,
314
Golf courses: Fanling, 219; Deep
Water Bay, 219
Goode, Sir J., checks plans for
breakwater, 149, 173 Goodstadt, Leo, on corruption, 312 Gordon, A. T., 61, 87 Government Hill, 61
Government House, and Pope, 46; burgled, 48; 60; tenders for, 61; completed, 72; roo; Chinese in- vited to, 135-6; boycotted in Hennessy's time, 138; Queen's Birthday at, 147; 210, 230; flag raised at, 270; Japanese changes to, 273; 31I Governor, the, duties of, 41; pre-
dicament of, 66
Governors of Hong Kong, 341 Gower, Lord Ronald, impressions of Hong Kong in 1880s, 177-8; 330 Grantham, Sir Alexander, arrives in Hong Kong, 277; previous service in cadet corps, 273; policies, 277; 329 Grant-in-aid Scheme, Hennessy's
success with, 149–50
Granville, Lord, on gambling, 125;
countermands closure of gaming houses, 126; reprimands Mac- donnell, 159
Grassett, Major-General A. E., re- linquishes post, sails to Canada, pleads for Canadian force for Hong Kong, 255 Grayburn, Sir Vandeleur, and new bank, 238; and airconditioning of bank, wartime in Stanley camp,
240
Great Britain, 65
'Great Praya case', 128 'Greater East Asia Co-prosperity
Sphere', 264
Green island, 259
Gresson Street, shoot-out, 223 Grey, Lord, 52, 68, 70 Gröningen University, 75
Guangdong culture, 333
Guangdong Province, 11, 73, 103,
333
Guangxu emperor, 211
Guangzhou, street, ix; sole open
port, 5-6; 10, 20, 28, 30; mari- time customs, 6; factories at, ix, 53; hospital at, 63; 64, 75, 76, 78, 81, 82; captured, 80; 100, 123; and battle for distributive trade, 158; electric company established in, 181; anti-Western placards at, 185; rail link to Hong Kong and north, 205-6; Chinese Mint in, 218; 227-8,
294, 301 Gui Liang, 81
Guomindang, the, and Sun Yatsen, 167; First National Congress at Guangzhou, 225; 226; co-opera- tion with Communists, 229; forces on verge of collapse, 274; flees to Taiwan, 278 Gurkhas, 318
Gutzlaff, Charles, 21, 61, 80; on
Chinese schools, 114-15 Gutzlaff, Mrs, school in Macau,
II 2
Hai He (Pei Ho) river, 20 Hakka, people, 60, 95, 284; in San On district, Qing dynasty, 333 Hallifax, E. R., negotiates with strikers' employers, 227-8; on the strike, 230 Happy Valley, racecourse, ix, 33,
57; and fever, 62; 67, 88, 219; fire at, 220, 221; renewal of, 303 Harbour Office, the, construction
begun, 133
Harbourmaster, the, 65; and Hen-
nessy, 147
Harcourt, Rear-Admiral Sir Cecil, arrives in Hong Kong, 264; Commander-in-Chief Hong 266; 267; delegates powers, 268
as
Kong,
Harland, Major H. C., Royal Scots,
and the Fanling Hunt, 246 Hawaii, King of, see Sandwich
Islands, King of
Hayllar, T., QC, in dispute with
Hennessy, 145-6 Haythorne, Colonel (Captain-
Superintendent of Police), 91 Head Quarter House, see Flagstaff
House
Heath, Henry, and the Enquiry, 309-10; admits police corrup- tion, 310
Helena May, The, 221, 331 Hennessy, Mr (later Sir) J. P., 138–
51; background, 138; character, 138-9; and the Museum, 139; opinion on mui tsai, 108; liberal ideas, 139; invites the King of the Sandwich Islands (Hawaii)
to
Government House, 140; speech at Chater's lunch, 140; Irish nationality of, 140; con- demns Hong Kong's penal sys- tem, 140; drops laws directed at Chinese alone, 141-2; suggests use of Japanese yen, 143; ignores currency question, 144; and pre- cedent of Ng Choi's appoint- ment, Colonial Office suspicions about, 144; and Eitel in the Hayllar affair, 145-6; leaves for Beijing, 146; apologizes to Hayllar, accuses C. C. Smith, attempts to organize adminis- tration to benefit Chinese, rela- tions with his officials, 147; and Donovan, 147; fails to imple- ment public works, confusion in his administration, 148; pro- posal for an observatory, 148–9; implements Grant-in-aid scheme, 149-50; 150; school population increases under, 150; fights a fire, 151; seen by Isabella Bird, 151; leaves Hong Kong, 151; opposes Western sanitation for Chinese, 156; his accusation from London, 157; the 'block- ade' under, 160-I Henry, Roy, 318 Hermes, HMS, 72
High Island Reservoir, 286, 301 Hill District Reservation Ordinance
1904, 215 Hillier, C. B., 51
Hilton Hotel, 299, mob clash with
police outside, 311
Ho Kai, Dr, 109; appointed to Sanitary Board, opinion on sanitary measures, 165; 184; signs petition to London, 189; 195, 212; see also Kai Ho Kai, Sir Ho Kom-tong, 222
Ho Man Tin, wells at, 199 Ho Sai-wing, son of Sir R. Hotung, chief comprador of Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Cor- poration, death of, 240 Hoare, Dr C. J. (Bishop of Hong
Kong), drowned, 210 Hogan, Sir Michael, and Com- mission of Enquiry, 309-10; sentences Elsie Elliot, 310 Hoi Yuen, the (Seamen's Union),
and strikes, 226, 228 Hoklo village, 333 Holl, W., 76 Holland, 75
Hollywood Road, 55, 95, 143 Holt's Wharf, facilities at, 208,
post-war, 272
Hon Man-wai, background, 226; head of Chinese Engineering Institute, 226; 227; persuades workers to return from Guang-
zhou, 227
Hong Kong, possibly the earliest oil painting of, ix, developmental stages, 1-3; uniqueness, 2, 3; reasons for annexation, 4; 9-10; advantages, 27; terrain, 27; ceded, 30; name adopted, 40; climate, 34; scandals, 51, 64; value of trade, 65, entrepôt, 66; lawlessness in, 71; steamship communications, 73; 75; fears Siberian fleet, defenceless, 76; in Bowring's time, 77; and the Treaty of Tianjin, 80-2; as found by Robinson, 88-92; resembles frontier town, 96; an ‘anomalous colony', 99; Robinson's opinion of, 100; 100; dawning civic pride, IOI; triads in, history of, 107; growth of Chinese institutions in, 103-11; education in, III-18; in Macdonnell's time, 120-1; re- cession, 121-2; Stamp Ordin- ance, 122; gambling in, 122-6;
turmoil under Hennessy, 140-3; land speculation, 143; finances sound, 149; perennial problems, 152; the 'blockade', 157-61; in- sanitary conditions in, 152-7; battle for distributive trade, 161- 2; needs of emigrant community
Index 353
supplied, 162-3; defence works begun under Bowen, 170; effects of Franco-Chinese conflict, anti- French boatmen's strike, riots, 1884, 170; New Praya begun, 172; triad problems, 174; a picture of Chinese life in 1873, 174-6; late 19th-century changes in, 176–8; first 50 years of, 178; plague, 184-8; electricity pro- duction, 181; non-Chinese pop- ulation, Chinese population, and revenues in 1891, 182; retrenchment under Robinson, 182-4; defence contribution doubled in 1890, 183; plague, 184-6; neutrality in Sun Yatsen affair, 191; Diamond Jubilee of, 198; military contribution rises to 20 per cent of revenue, 198; drought, plague in 1898-1900, 200; new public buildings begun, 201; enters 20th century, 204; now a major trading port, 207; trade growth, and causes, 207; docking facilities, 208; typhoon of 1906, 210; corruption in, 209; influx of Chinese, 210; official end of opium trade, 212; the University, 212–13; colony in a changing world, 213-14; public works in progress, completed, 214; influx of refugees on death of Empress Dowager, 215; first cadet, May, becomes Governor, 216; first motor car, circular island. road and one to Tai Po planned, 219; road development and social effects, 219; revenue rises, 221; gift to Britain, World War I take- over by government of British shipping, 222; Gresson Street shoot-out, blaze at Sheung Wan shipyard, 223; end of the war, changing emphasis in life of, 224; changing Orient, 225-6; Guo- mindang's effects in 1919, strike of Engineers, 226-8; 1922 sea- mens' strike, general strike, 228; trade after lifting of boycott, 231; currency reform, 231-2; altered climate of opinion in, 232-3; Clementi and slum clearance, Queen Mary Hospital building, Shing Mun Reservoir, 234; opin- ions of society, 235; Royal Flying Club, death of Chater, passing of an era, 235-6; Imperial Prefer- ence scheme adapted for, Cur- rency Ordinance of 1935, 237; changing emphasis in trade, 237;
354 Index
inter-war revenues and expendi- ture, 241-2; slump of 1931, effects in, 244; changes in the administration, 245-6; new de- partments set up at outbreak of war, 246; first emergency regula- tions 1937, 246; Hong Kong Defence Regulations 1940, prep- arations for attack, 247; pes- simism on economic prospects, types of local manufactures, drift. of mainland Chinese companies to, new industries in, 248; state of industry, 248; shifting patterns of trade post-1837, 249; Govern- or and Colonial Secretary leave, are replaced before invasion, 249; colony just prior to invasion, 250- 7; Japanese power, British unease, border violations, 250; flood of refugees, conscription, 251; cor- ruption in administration, 252- 3; evacuation, 252; two budgets, rise in income tax, 253; colony surrounded by Japanese, 254; the garrison, defence plans, 254-7; naval strength, 254; defective in- telligence, 256-7; preparation against attack, 257; invasion, 258; Kowloon occupied, 259; the battle for Hong Kong, 260-1; Japanese landing in Victoria, 261; surrender, 261; occupation, 250- 64; liberation, 264-5; post-war rehabilitation, 265-73; civil government restored, 267; flag raised at Government House, 270; demobilization, 270; cur- rency problems, revival of trade, population increases, 271; re- sumption of services, 272; the 'Young Plan', 273-5; admini- strative changes, 275-6; colony gains financial autonomy, eco- nomic recovery, 276; budget sur- plus, 277; trade revival, 277-8; relations with China, 278; Communists at border, 278-9; colony's changing role, 280; society in, 281; Britain sends troops to, 281; forces are reduced, 281-2; squatters, 282-4; record provision of housing in, 284-7; industrial transformation of, 293-305; sealed off from China, 294; new markets, 294; trade figures for 1950, 295; physical changes in, formation of an in- dustrial colony, 296; financial statistics, 297-8; container port, rise in tourism, 298; Mass Transit
Railway and Kowloon-Canton Railway, 301-2; racing, 303; growth of cultural life, 304-5; rioting in, 308-9; ICAC formed, 307; police corruption and ICAC, 315-18; negotiations leading to Sino-British Joint Declaration, 320-3; signature of Declaration, 323; effects of events of 4 June 1989 in Beijing on, 325; earliest written records of (Song), Tang garrisons in, Song army, navy, defeated east of, 333
Hong Kong Annual Report, 332,
335
Hong Kong Artificial Flower Works,
dispute at, 310
Hong Kong Auxiliary Water Police,
formed, 171
Hong Kong Baptist College, founded
1956, 292
Hong Kong Club (first), 102; rules for exclusion from, 102; second building, 201, 201; completed, 214; 220, 299
Hong Kong Daily Press, the, 334 Hong Kong Daily Telegraph, the, on attempt on May's life, 216– 17; 210, 330
Hong Kong Defence Corps, the
(The Volunteers), formed, 222; 251; mobilized, 257; shelled, bombed, 258
Hong Kong Defence Regulations,
August 1940, 247
Hong Kong Dispensary, the, 56 Hong Kong Electric Company, The,
begins production, 181; 226 Hong Kong Federation of Labour,
and strikes, 228 Hong Kong Hotel, 56 Hong Kong Land Investment and
Agency Company Limited, The, founded 1889, 172 Hong Kong Medical College, begun,
167; 188; graduate appointed in New Territories, 198; 212 Hong Kong Morning Herald, the,
sides with strikers, 227 Hong Kong Museum, Hennessy
stops grant to, 139 Hong Kong Naval Defence Force
(HKNDF), 251, 252
Hong Kong Observatory, the,
named, 149
Hong Kong Philharmonic Orches-
tra, formed, 304 Hong Kong Polytechnic, the, develops from the Technical College, 288--9
Hong Kong prehistory, spread of
Chin, Han from Huang He region,
333
Hong Kong Regiment, the, formed,
170; and New Territories take-
over, 194
Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited, first Euro- pean staff, 99; inaugurated, 98-9; 106; withstands recession, 121; Belilios made director of, 145; old and new head office, 237-41; Art Deco style interior of new bank, origins of, 240; 239; opening of latest head office (1986), 241; pre-war office blackout bill, 252; post-war notes of arrive, 271; Japanese Governor Isogai lives in, 273; takes over Hang Seng Bank, 309 Hong Kong Technical College, the, nucleus of the Hong Kong Polytechnic, 288-9
Hong Kong Technical Institute, the,
set up, 203
Hong Kong Telegraph, the, on new observatory, 149; on the Peak Tramway, 177
Hong Kong Volunteers, the, re- vived, 170; equipped with arms, 171; 191; rout Chinese resisters, Kam Tin, 194
Hong Kong and Yaumati Ferry
Company, post-war, 272 Hood, Thomas, poem addressed to
Bowring, 328
Hoppo, 9, 20
Hospitals, 63, on Stonecutters
island, 130; Civil, destroyed, 131; Lock, 148; Civil, 164; Alice Memorial, 188; Victoria, com- pleted, 201; in the 1920s, 243-4 Hotung, Sir Robert, presents a
school to government, 202; en- dows chair at Hong Kong Uni- versity, 212; 238; reads address of welcome, 273
House of Commons, the, and opium,
II-12
Housing Authority, The, and the colony's record in rehousing, 284-6
Housing, Western and Chinese, 72 Howe, Sir Geoffrey, 320–4 Hua Shang, 81
Huang He (Yellow River), 9, 20 Huangpu (Whampoa), 15, 26, 65;
port facilities destroyed, 82 Hughes, A. W., Commander of the
'Hughesliers', 252
'Hughesliers', the ('Methusiliers'),
252
Hulme, J. W., Chief Justice, 46, 50; and Davis, 51; public enquiry, 52; leaves Hong Kong, returns, 52; 70; retires, 71; 90
Hunter, W. C., 343 Hutcheon, Robin, 331
Hutchison House,
ICAC head-
quarters, break-in, 317 Hyacynth, HMS (frigate), 21
Ice-house, the, built, 73
Ice House Street, 73, 177 Immigrants, Chinese, 73
Imperial Commissioner, 78, 81, 81 Imperial Maritime Customs, see
Chinese Maritime Customs Imperial preferences, adapted for
Hong Kong, 237
Imperial Summer Palace, burned,
82
Import and Excise Dept., set up,
174
Import-export problems, 135 Independent Commission Against Corruption (ICAC), set up, 307; recruitment problems of, 315; and Cater, and Prendergast, 315; work of, 315-16; Annual Report of the ICAC, 1975, 322 India, Western, source of opium, 18; dependent on opium revenue, 50; export of opium benefits economy of, 135 Indian Mutiny, the, 80 Indians, in police force, 47 Indo-China Steam Navigation Com-
pany, formed, 160; 207 Industrial Revolution, and Hong
Kong trade, 8
Instrument of Surrender (World
War II), 269
Ismay, General, Churchill's letter
to, 257
Isogai, General Rensuke, Japanese Governor of Hong Kong, 273 Ito, Major-General, 257
Jackson, Sir Thomas, signs petition
to London, 189 Japan, Japanese, cholera in, 97; Kennedy's statue removed by, 137; and Sun Yatsen, 191; in North China, 207; declare war on Russia, 209; the Twenty-one Demands, 222; strongest naval power in the Pacific, 225; border violations, by, Craigie-Arita Agreement, 250; occupy Hainan Island, the Spratlys, Indo-China, 254; commanders, 257; invasion, evacuation of Kowloon, 258-9;
and the battle for Hong Kong. victory, 259-61; 268; war me- morial (Japanese) blown up, 277; 293; war casualties, 336 Jardine Arnold Company, 238 Jardine House, 139 Jardine, J., 86
Jardine, Matheson and Company, at East Point, ix; origins of, 8; and opium, 10; opinions on smuggling opium, 3 1; at East and West Points, 36; and the opium trade, 50; 57, 75; form a ship- ping line, 160; as ratepayers, 161; 178; want coal concession in New Territories, 197, 207; and strike, 228
Jardine, William, 8, 9, 16; and
Palmerston, 20
Jervois Street, 55-6 Johnston, A. R., character, acts, 35;
38, 39, 40, 41; house, 60 Joint Declaration... on the Ques-
tion of Hong Kong, 338-41 Journey to a War (Auden and Isher-
wood), caricatures Hong Kong personalities, 246
Jubilee Street, completed, 201 Judiciary, reorganization of, 136
Kadoorie, Mr (later Sir) Ellis, and The Helena May Institute for Women, 221-2
Kadoorie, Mr Lawrence (later Lord), post-war adventures re- turning to Hong Kong, 271 Kai Ho Kai, Sir, and the first air- strip, 221; see also Ho Kai, Dr Kai Tak Land Investment Com-
pany, formed, 221 Kaitak, airstrip, airport, 221, in
regular use, 235 Kellett island, 35 Kemp, J. H., and New Territories
administration, 197 Kennedy, Sir Arthur, 129-37; background, 129; and law and order, I29-30; reorganizes police force, 129; reconstruction of Praya, reclamation, 131-2; and public works, 132-3; recom- mends new water supply, 132; and Grant-in-aid scheme, 133; leaves for Britain, 134; wife's death, returns to Hong Kong, 135; invites Chinese to Govern- ment House, 135-6; quality of his governorship, 136-7; death, 137; statue, 137; complains of coolie migration trade, 162 Kennedy Road, constructed, 131
Index 355
Kennedy Town, laid out, 132,
tramway at, 206
Keswick, James, joins Chater in
new company, 173 Keswick, William, dispute with
Hennessy, 139; 141 Key, Sir A. C., 81 Keying, see Qiying
Kimberley, Lord, and the Museum dispute, 139; and the Keswick- Hennessy dispute, 140; on coolie migration trade, 162
King George V School, Kowloon (formerly Central British School),
242 Kitasato,
Shibasaburo,
plague bacillus, 188
isolates
Korea, war in, 277; war alters trade
picture in Hong Kong, 295 Kornhill Estate, 286
Kowloon, Kowloon Peninsula, 21,
93
Kowloon Bay, shipyards at, 208;
221
Kowloon-Canton Railway, 214;
modernized, 301-2
Kowloon City, in Ming and Qing dynasties, 333; 192; occupied, 194; and Western residence, 214; rioting in, 309
Kowloon Fort, 93
Kowloon Point, ceded, 82 Kowtow, 80
Krakatoa, eruption of, and effect on
Hong Kong sunsets, 178 Kresser, V., 99
Kuei-fei (customary gifts), and cor-
ruption, 209
Kwok A Cheung, shipping mag-
nate, 160, 161
Labouchère, Henry, 328 Labour Officer, post created 1938,
244; duties, 244 Ladybird, HMS, attacked, 250 Lamma island, 26
Lamont Dock, 65
Land Court, the, activities of, 198 Land Office, 61 Land sales, first, 34
Lantau island, luxury housing on,
287
Lapraik, Douglas, and the clock
tower, 180, 220
Last Supper, The (Chinese painting
of), 115
Lau Chu-pak, 222; pays tribute to
May, 223
Law, Chinese and British, 49, 64,
71, 108, 136; British, Chinese concepts of, 306-8
356 Index
Lawson, Brigadier J. K., 256 Lay, Horatio Nelson, 81 Legal repugnancy, 41
Legge, Dr James, 40; on Pottinger, 43; on Hong Kong, 55-8; 57, 60, 104, 113, 116; and education policy, 117; 128, 129 Legge, the Misses, 114 Legislative Council, the, set up, 40-
2; appointments to, 46; 48; on opium tax, 50; additions to, 70– I; and Bowring, 84; enlarged, 86; Bowring disagrees with, 87; 88, 94; protests against paying for the military, 98; criticizes 'secret society', 108; 126; changes in constitution, 127; fin- ancing reclamation, powers amended, 133; 148; with Hen- nessy, 150; changes under Bowen and Des Voeux, 167-9; new Council first sits, 1884, 168; composition of Council, 182; 187; Marquis of Ripon suggests additions, 190; receives Lugard's memo on opium trade, 211; and boycott of trams, 218; 228, 230; and Urban Council, 243; 244; protests against rise in taxation, 253; and the 'partial amnesty', 218; suggestions on Sino-British negotiations, 322; changes in, 325; and the Basic Law, 325 Lei Yue Mun Strait, 208, 235 Leslie, Mr (of Dent and Son), 91 Lethbridge, H. J., 106, 329, 330,
331, 332; quotes Auden, 310 Leung Hok Chau, 106 Lewis, Sir G. C., 94
Li Cheng, 226
Li-Fournier Convention, 1884, 170 Li Hong Hung attempts to assassin-
ate May, 216-17
Li Hongzhang, patron of the Col- lege of Medicine, 167; in China and Washington, 169; Viceroy of Guangdong, 194; and Blake,
194, 195
Likin (transit tax), 157, 158, raised,
173
Lin Zexu, Commissioner, ix; and opium, 11; arrives in Guang- zhou, 17; opinions on Westerners and opium, 17-18; calls for sur- render of opium, destroys opium, 18; 21-3; exiled, 23; hernia of, 63; fitted with a truss, 156 Lindsay, O., 336 Lingding island, ix, 10, 18, customs
station on, 195 Llewellyn, Sir John, and report on
education, 289–90
Lo Chen-kong, 106
Lo Man-kam, and strikers, 227 Lo Wu, bombed by Japanese, 250 Lobscheid, Revd W., appointed In-
spector of Schools, 116-17 Lockhart, Sir J. S., 109; recom- mends legal status for Po Leung Kuk, 109; 183; on petition for a Municipal Council, 190; surveys New Territories, 193; present at raising of British flag in New Territories, 194; and New Ter- ritories administration, 196-7; optimism over New Territories unwarranted, 198; 205, 216; twice administered the govern- ment, 216
London Missionary Society, col-
lege, 40; 212 Louisa (cutter), 21
Low, Kitty, Hennessy's wife, 145–6 Lugard, Sir Frederick, and technical
education, 203; takes Viceroy of Guangdong on a tram, 206; 211; appoints layman as President of Sanitary Board, 210-11; speech suggesting founding of univer- sity, 212; recommends the form of the university, 213; names his successor, 216; 218 Lugard, Lady, and the university,
213
Lui Shou-kwan (Lui Shoukun), pioneer contemporary artist, 304 Lyall, 86
Lytton, Bulwer, on Hong Kong
society, 84
Ma Chow-wang, 77, 83, 84, 85, 92 Ma Tze Keng (Smugglers' Ridge),
reservoir built, 199
Macao Steamship Company, 207 Macallum, H., appointed Sanitary
Inspector, 164
Macartney, Lord, 7
Macau, ix, 5; ceded to Portugal, 5; British expelled from, 21; 72, 82; coolie-brokers in, 162; 294; re- awakens, 302
McCoy, R. W., Colonial Surgeon,
153 Macdonnell, Sir Richard G., 103,
opens Tung Wah Hospital, 104; 119; on Hong Kong, 120; pre- vious appointments, limitations to his actions, 120; unlike Bow- ring, 120; discovers Government House unprovided, 121; calls Hong Kong a 'depot', 120; re- forms, 121-2; rebuked by Colonial Office, 121; borrows money, 122; and pirates; 123-4;
licenses gambling, 124; Order and Cleanliness Ordinance, 123; and the telegraph, 124; takes home leave, 126; cancels gamb licences, introduces Sikh,
L
{
police, 126; on crime, 126; nd the Reform Association, 127; sets up Police Commission, 129; san- itary measures begun under, 153; a carbolic enthusiast, 153; de- mands return of seized junk, 158; first episode in the 'blockade', 158; estimate of vol- ume of smuggled opium, 159; reprimanded by Granville, 159 McDougall, D. M., 266-9, pays
tribute to Chinese and Portu- guese, 269 MacLehose, Sir Murray (now Lord), instigates setting up of the ICAC, 307; 314; on corruption, 313; on Godber's escape, 314; and Lady MacLehose, 315; and the 'partial amnesty', 318
Madrigal Society, the, 43 Magistracy, under construction, 35;
56
Magniac (trading company), 8 Malacca, 5, 56 Maltby, General, 253, 255, 255; reviews defence plan, 256; 257- 61; in the 'battle box', 257; ad- vises surrender, 261, his casualty list, 278
Man Mo Temple, the, 106; aids Po Leung Kuk, 108; Committee of,
IIO
Manchester, 7 Mandarin Hotel, 299 Manson, Dr P., on Sanitary Board, 165; starts Dairy Farm Com- pany, 167; and College of Medi- cine, 167; 187, 212 Manzhu Government, 73 Marble Hall, 235-6, 236 Maria Theresa dollar, 98 Maritime Customs, see Chinese
Maritime Customs Market, Central, 98 Marsh Mr (later Sir) W. H., new Colonial Secretary, 147; admini- sters government, 157; 164; takes Chinese editors to court, 170; and banishment orders, 170 Martin, R. M., Colonial Treasurer, 45; on opium tax, 5o; on Hong Kong, 51; 58
Marxism, attraction for Chinese, 225; affinity with Confucianism, 225
Mass Transit Railway (MTR), con-
structed, 301; 303
:
Matheson, James, 9, 16, 27; erects
godown, 33; 36 Martock, K., 328
•
Charles, 47, background, 91; 93; opinion on Chinese women, 107; and police, 129 May, Captain (later Sir) Henry, and the New Territories take-over, 194; administers the government, 205; 210; opens Tai Tam Tuk waterworks, 210; 214; Governor of Fiji, 216; background, 216; attempted assassination of, 216– 17, 217; and devaluation of coin- age, 218; condemns Board of Vernacular Chinese Education, 218; thoughts on education, 218; keen sportsman, 220; stocks res- ervoirs with fish, 220; sees dis- aster at racecourse, opens second part of Tai Tam waterworks, speech on virtues of water, 221; administration bisected by World War I, 222; leaves Hong Kong, Executive and Legislative Coun- cils pay tribute to, 223; rose from cadet corps, 329
May, Lady, 216
Medical Officer of Health, made member of Sanitary Board, 187;
2 II
Medium Defence Battery, 255 Mercantile Bank, 238 Mercer, William T., 45-6, 52; and water supply, 87; still in Hong Kong, 91; 91; leaves Hong Kong, 100-1; administers government, 121; leaves Government House unprovided, 121; ignored by Macdonnell, 121; 122, 134 Mercer, Mr (of Jardine's), 57 Merchants, mercantile community,
Chinese, ix, 104, 118 Merchants, mercantile community, Western, ix; established at Guangzhou, 23; 70; back Bon- ham, 72; withdraw school funds, 113; lacking in civic pride, 127 Messer, C. M., and the New Ter-
ritories administration, 197 Mexican dollar, 98
Middlesex Regiment, 1st, 254 Migration, Chinese, Hong Kong the centre of, 161; to California, South America, Malaya, Aus- tralia, New Zealand, 161-2; numbers for 1886, 162; penalties imposed 1873, 162; voluntary emigration increases (figures), 162; controlled by law, 163 Mills, Lennox A., opinion on Dis- trict Watch Committee, 110; 329
Mint, the Chinese, 218 Mint, the Hong Kong, 98, 121;
failure of, 122
Mirs Bay, American Fleet in, 193 Mitchell, F. W., appointed Post-
master, 94
Mody, H. N., offers donation to
Hong Kong University, 213; 236 Monckton, Sir Walter, 320 Mong Kok, typhoon shelter com-
pleted, 221
Monmouth, HMS, British cruiser
sunk by the Emden, 222 Moorsom, L. H., retires, 132 'Moral six' clergymen, the, 125 Morrison Education Society, the, school opened, 40; 57, 63, 112; loses funds, 114 Morrison Hill, 57 Morrison, J. R., 40, 41 Morrison, Dr W., 86 Morse, A., in control of Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corpor- ation in wartime London, later Chairman, unorthodox moves, 278
Morse, H. B., International Re-
lations of the Chinese Empire, 13 Mortality of Colonial Surgeons,
153
Mosque Gardens (later Mosque
Street), 40; school in, 114 'Most favoured nation' clause, 31,
80
Mount Elgin, Kowloon, Hennessy
proposes observatory on, 148 Mountain Lodge, 146; Des Voeux isolated in, 176; destroyed in World War II, rebuilt in 1902, Blake moves into, 220 Mui tsai (mei zu), 108; Attorney- General's opinion on, 108; Churchill's opinions on, 228 Municipal Council, plea for a, 189; Marquis of Ripon's views on,
190
Murray, Dr L., appointed Colonial Surgeon, arrives, his report of sanitation, 96; calls for more hospitals, 152; retires, 153 Museo Boronico, Naples, 146 Museum, set up by Hennessy, 139 Museum of Tea Ware, the, 33 Muslim community, 40
Nacken J., depicts Hong Kong in
1873, 174–6
Nanjing, 29; Treaty of, 29; terms of
Treaty, 30-1; Treaty ratified, 31; 60; Taiping in, 72; 74; and Bow- ring, 78-9
Napier, Lord, 12, 44
Index 357
Napoleon, comment on the British,
281
Nathan Road ('The Golden Mile'),
riots in, 308
Nathan, Sir Matthew, and educa- tion, 203; arrives in Hong Kong, 203; Sayer's opinion of, 205; sets coinage to rights, inspires railway building, 205; enquires into Sanitary Board, 209; leaves Hong Kong, 210 Nationalist
Government, the
Chinese, 271-2; exploits labour unrest in Hong Kong, 273; 293; defeats of, 294; collapse of, 309 Nemesis, HMS, 28 Newcastle, Duke of, 90 New Territories, the, lease, 192; initial survey, 193; 193; report on, plans to raise flag in, 194; Chinese opposition to take-over, 194-5; land claims disputed, 197-8; slow evolution of admin- istration, 198; administrative divisions, medical officer ap- pointed, 198; water supply to, 199, 214; 216, 219, 244; bound- ary stones replaced, 278; post- war transformation of, 284-7; 300
Ng Choy, first Chinese appointed to Legislative Council, 144; back- ground, 144; in financial trouble, 168
Ng Li Hing, grant to London Mis-
sionary Society College, 212 Nine-Power Treaty, the, and the
Open Door Policy, 225 Ningbo, 5, 28; fall of, 29; 30, 65 Noble, Dr J. W., owner of first motor car in Hong Kong, 219; 330 Norman, Sir H., 104, 329 North Point, beach at, 219 Northcote, Sir Geoffry, 246-9; opens the China Light and Power Company's new power-station, 247; leaves Hong Kong, ill, 1940,
249 Norton, Lieutenant-General E. F.,
'military Governor', 249 Norton-Kyshe, J. W., 327, 329 Nursemaids, Chinese, ix
Observatory (later Royal), the,
148-9; Hennessy proposes name for, 148; cost, 148-9; named, 149; opened, 334 Occupation, the Japanese, 246,
250-64 Oceanic, the largest ship afloat, 208 Offices, Government, 56-7
358 Index
Opium Commission, the (Calcutta),
183
Opium Ordinance, the, 1887, 174 Opium ships, ix
Opium, trade in, growth, 9-12;
American, 10; Hong Kong as centre of, 42-3; British opinions on, 50; vessels engaged in, 5o; monopoly sold to Duddell, later to Chinese, 50, 64; Indian crop, 65; tariff duty on, effective legis- lation of, 81; 83; monopoly re- introduced, 88; revenue from un- der Hennessy, 148; amounts smuggled, 158-9; worth in 1870, 160; likin tax raised, 173; increased smuggling, 173; reac- tions to Ordinance of 1887, 174; use of opium forbidden in China, 211; valued by Lugard, 211; monopoly sold in 1888, 174; smuggling, 173-4; agreement on phasing out, official ending of, 212; and corruption, 313 Opium War, IO
'Overland route', 28
Oxfordshire, the (hospital ship), 270
Palmer, Major, observatory scheme,
148-9
Palmer and Turner, architects of the
1935 Hongkong and Shanghai Bank building, 238, 240 Palmerston, Lord, 4, 14, 15, 16, 19, 19-20; orders fleet to Hong Kong, 20; letter to Chinese em- peror, 23; dismisses Elliot, 24; repudiates Convention, 28; 51- 2, 68, 76, 77, 80, 88 Pannay, USS, Japanese apology for
attack on, 250 Parade Ground, 62
Parker, Dr Peter, 63, 165 Parker, Admiral Sir William, ix;
arrives in Macau, 28–9 Parkes, Sir H., 79, 79, 81, 93 Parliamentary grant (the Hong Kong
Vote), 68, 69
Parliamentary Select Committee on
China Trade, 51 Parsees, 64
Parsons, Sir C. A., inventor of
steam turbine, 161 Paunceforte, J., becomes a judge,
leaves Hong Kong, 136 Peace Preservation Ordinance,
passed, 173
Peak, the, 87, 146, 176; area re-
served, 215
Peak Tramway, the, opened 1888,
176; and society, 176–7
Pearl (schooner), 21
Pearl River, see Zhu Jiang Pedder, Lieutenant W., RN, 34 Pedder Street, new Post Office on,
201; 216, 219 Peel Street, 155
Peel, Sir William, and financial
difficulties, 237
Peninsular and Orient Line, the,
comprador of, 154; 207 Pennefather-Evans, John, investiga-
tion into corruption, 313 People's Liberation Army, 277 Pepys, Samuel, and corruption,
308, 313
Philippines, linked by telegraph to
Hong Kong, 334 Phillippo, G., succeeds Bramston,
136
Pi Chengzhao, 81 Pin (petition), 1S
Pirates, piracy, 4, 48, 71, 196 Plague, 184–8; 'hospital', 185; first Westerners die of, 187; cause discovered, 187; returns in 1894, 187; returns in 1898-1900, 200; 216
Plover Cove Reservoir, 286, 300,
302
Po Leung Kuk, the (Society for the Protection of Women and Chil- dren), 107-10; founded, 107-8; ordinance to assist, 108; called a 'secret society', 108; opening, 109; achievements, contacts with Registrar-General, 109; powerful force, 110; III, 142, 181 Podgoursky, designer of Hongkong
and Shanghai Bank's mosaic, 240 Pok Fu Lam, pool, 87; scheme to obtain water from, 96; conduit built from, 132; Dairy Farm at, 167; 180, 219 Polarization of society, first under Pottinger, 43; 64, 77, 83-4; in- creasing under Bowring, 88; under Robinson, 99; 103, 104- 5, III, 134-5, 136, 138-9, 144ff.; breaking down in busi- ness areas, 143; under Hennessy, 147; 152; during the plague, 186; in Clementi's time, 235; 308-12
Police, 69; corruption in, III; May's opinion of, 129; in 20th century, 129; corruption in 1898, 209; composition in inter-war years, 245; and just post-war, 270; training school opened, 270; corruption in, 309-19; honoured by the Queen, 312; morale, 317
Police Commission, findings, 129
Police Force Ordinance, 318 Police stations, 62 Poor whites, 64
Pope, J. (Civil engineer), 46 Pope-Hennessy, J., 146, 330 Population, 58-60, 65; swelling, 72; doubles, 1853-9, 87; further growth, 97; growth in numbers of Chinese, 103-4; census, 107; growth again in 1872-6, 142; fall in numbers of British males, 1872-6, 142; census 1881, 143; shows 32 per cent rise in 15 years, 152; post-war rise, 271; upsurge, 274-5; unique post-war increase in, 280-2; new floods of refugees, 295; influx of indus- trialists, uniformity of Chinese in Hong Kong, 296, 335 Port Shelter, 254
Portuguese, 5; flee to Hong Kong, 72; flee from Hong Kong, 188; stand for Urban Council election, 243; occupy higher positions, 269 Possession Point (Mount), 27, 35,
55
Possession Street, 33
Post Office, 57, 102; stamp issue,
94; new building begun, 201; completed, 214, 215, 216 Pottinger, Sir Henry, medals, ix; arrives in Hong Kong, 28; 28; background, 29; sets off up coast, 29; 30-1, 35, 38-43; death of brother, 43; resigns, 43; 44, 45, 57, 60, 68, 114 Pottinger Street, 40, 56 Praya, new, 87; Bowrington, 88; destroyed, 131; proposed rebuild- ing, 132; work continues, 148; Des Voeux Road, 171 Preposterous (ship), 123 Price, J. M., opinion on Victoria. (city), 131; replaces Moorsom, 132; on Executive Council, 134; observatory
suggests new
scheme, 149; 153
'Princely hong', the, see Jardine,
Matheson and Company Prisons, 62; escape from, 95 Prisoners of war, 262, 263 Private Sector Participation Scheme,
285
Protection of Women and Girls
Ordinance, 109
Protector of the Chinese, new office,
85
Public Health and Building Ordi- nance 1903, inspired by Chad- wick-Simpson report, 200
I
1
I
Public Record Office, London, 327 Punch, 191
Punjabis, 2/14 (Infantry Battalion), 254, 255; retire toward Tai Po, 258
Punti, 95, 333
Puyi, made Emperor, 215
Qianlong, emperor, restricts trade,
5
Qing government, 73 Qingdao, 294
Qishan, Viceroy of Chili, 4, 5; Viceroy of Guangdong-Guanxi, 23-4; dismissed, 24; 27 Qiying, Imperial Commissioner, 24, 31, 42; Viceroy of Guang- dong-Guanxi, 44; dispatches to Davis, 44; 49; on opium policy, 5o, 53; 60, 61
Quarry Bay, 33, 206
Queen's College, 40, 114, 181, 203,
212, 242
Queen's Road, ix, 34, 35, 55, 56,
73, 83, 102; fire in, 150
Racecourse, racing, and Davis, 53; begun in 1840s, May attends, 221; disaster at, 221, 221; Happy Valley renewed, new track built at Sha Tin, 303 Railways, Hong Kong-Guang- zhou, Guangzhou-Hankou,
205-6; funding, 205-6; Kow- loon to border completed, 214; to Guangzhou, 219; post-war resumption of Kowloon- Guangzhou (KCR) line, 272 Rajputs, 5/7 (Infantry Battalion),
254, 255, 336 Ratepayers, Chinese, the largest in
1881, 161
Rawling, R. B., RE, 96
Reclamations, Chater (Pedder Street to Western Market), completed 1905, 206; 210
Record Office, the, 31, construction
of, 35; 60
Red Rover (opium clipper), ix Reform Act, in Britain, effects in
Hong Kong, I27 Reform Association, 127 Reform Club, formed, 275 Rehousing, resettlement, after Shek Kip Mei fire, 284; in the 1970s and 1980s, 285-7
+
Report of the Housing Commis-
sion, 154 Repulse Bay, 219; Japanese at, 261;
settled in the 1920s, 287 Repulse Bay Hotel, opened, 219
Repulse Bay
Bay Road, Japanese
Governor Isogai lives in, 273 Revolution, the Chinese (1949), I Rickshaws, introduced, 101 Ripon, the Marquis of, 189; dis- patch reviewing history of Hong Kong constitutional reform, 189 Roads, 62; development of, 219 Robertson, D. B., Consul at Guang-
zhou, 158
Robinson, Sir George, at Guang-
zhou, 13
Robinson, Sir Hercules, back- ground, 90; opinion of Hong Kong, 90; 91; sets up public en- quiry, 91; revives cadet scheme, 92; civil servants' pensions scheme, first civil list, publishes Government Gazette in Chinese, 92; proposals for Kowloon, 93– 4; reorganizes courts, 95; pro- poses minting coinage in Hong Kong, 98; pessimism about Hong Kong, affection for it, neglect of sanitation, 100; departs, 102; and Board of Education, 117; 308; cadet corps formed, 329 Robinson, Sir William, 182-93; background, 192; 183; speech to Legislative Council, 182; alters accounting system, 182; almost balances budget, 184; and plague, 184-8; remarks on 'calamity' of plague, 187; wife dies, 187; opinion on China, 188; and negotiations for New Territories lease, 192; leaves Hong Kong,
191
Roman Catholic Mission Schools,
and the Portuguese, 113 Roosevelt,
President of United
States, 265-6 Ross, Sir R., on origins of plague,
187
by
Royal Air Force, obsolete aircraft,
2543 total destruction Japanese, 258
Royal Asiatic Society, The, Journal
of, 107, 327, 328, 330 Royal Hong Kong Jockey Club, the
philanthropy of, 303 Royal Observatory,
Observatory
the, see
Royal Rifles of Canada, 336 Royal Saxon (hulk), 95
Royal Scots, 2nd (Infantry Battal- ion), 245; at Shing Mun, 258; 336
Russell and Company, 15; compra-
dor of, 181
Russell, Lord J., on Bowring, 85 Russia, Russians, 76; ‘aggression',
Index 359
76; 80; 135; designs on Far East, 169-70; action in Korea, 170; occupies Port Hamilton, 1885, 170; alliance with Guomindang, 225
Rustomjee, Herjeebhoy, 63
Sai Ying Pun, army established at,
34; 60, 131
Sailing ships, the, last of, 207 St John's Cathedral, 40, 56, 62, 100, 176; window to Lapraik in, 220
St Paul's College, set up, 40; 113 St Stephens College, Stanley, 181,
Lugard's speech at, 213 Sakai, Lieutenant-General, demands
surrender, 258
Saltoun, Lord, account of life in
Hong Kong, 36–7, 43 Sam Mun, customs station at, 195 Sam shui (Chinese spirits), 39 San On County Gazetteer, 333;
Hoklo and Tanka villages men- tioned in, 333
San On District, evacuated in Qing
dynasty, 333
San Po Kong, 310 Sandwich Islands (Hawaii), King of, visits Hong Kong, 139, 150 Sanitary Board, the, origins of in Chadwick Report, 156; recon- structed under Bowen, 165; powers of, 165; new constitution in 1887, 165; convenes on plague, 184; 187; Marquis of Ripon on possible development of, 190; irregularities in, 209; Lugard appoints layman as Pres- ident, 211; reserves areas for Western habitation, 214-15; be- comes the Urban Council 1936, 243
Sanitary Committee, appointed, 97 Sanitation, 39, 62, 86-7; last pri- ority, 96; Murray's Report on, 96-7; appalling conditions out- lined by Ayres, 153–5; in Guang- zhou, 156; Chadwick Report on, 156-7; 164-5; New Sanitary In- spector, 164; the Ordinance of 1887, 165; Chinese against Sani- tary Board, appalling living con- ditions continue, 166; Blake im- proves conditions, 200; acute problems concerning, 251 Sano, Lieutenant-General, Com-
mander, 38th division, 257 Sanspareil, HMS, 81 Sassoon, Albert, 330
Sassoon and Company, comprador
Ho Sai-wing's brother, 238
360 Index
Sassoon, Frederick, nominated to Legislative Council, 169; back- ground, 169 Sassoon, Reuben, 330 Sayer, G. R., on Hennessy, 138; on population, 182; on Chadwick, 198-9; on Nathan, 205; on change in appearance of Chinese, 216; 330, 331 Scarth J., 329
Scharnhorst (German crusier) sink-
ing of, 222
Scott, J. H., and endowment of
chair at Hong Kong University, 213
'Scramble for concessions', 191 Second World War, the, see World
War II
Secretary for Education, appointed,
289
Select Committee of Parliament
(1847), 66, 68, 69-70
Senior Naval Officer, Hong Kong,
80
Sessional Papers, 330 Severn, Claude, 216, 230
Sexual morality, British and Chinese
views, 107-8
Seymour, Sir M., 80, 81, 82
Sha Tau Kok, and New Territories
border, 193
Sha Tin, before redevelopment, 286;
new town at, 287, 287 Shakespeare, William, 330 Sham Shui Po camp, conditions,
privations of, 262 Shandong Peninsula, 332 Shanghai Chamber of Commerce,
169
Shanghai Cricket Club, 220
Shanghai, fall of, 29; 30, 65, 72, 81;
cable to, 125; effects of Treaty of Shimonoseki on, 207; port closed,
294
Shau Kei Wan, water supply from,
184; tramway at, 206
Shek Kip Mei, 282, 283; fire at, 283;
284
Shek Pai Wan, see Aberdeen Shelley, A. F., Auditor-General, 46 Shelley Street, 155
Shen Zhen, occupied by Hong Kong Volunteers, 194; 195; murders at, 196
Shen Zhen River, 193; Japanese
cross, 258
Sheung Wan, 40, 46, 131 Shewan, Robert, 181
Shewan Tomes and Company, 181 Shimonoseki, Treaty of, 207 Shing Mun, redoubt conquered,
258
Sikhs, as policemen, 126; as gaol
guards, 129 Silk, II
Silver, 143-4; proposed revival of
the Mint, 328
Simpson, Prof., and Chadwick, 199 Singapore, Kennedy returns from,
135; 144 Sino-British
Joint Declaration, negotiations and signature, 320- 6; contents, 338-41 Sino-British Liaison Group, estab-
lished, 322
Sino-Japanese War, effects on Hong
Kong, 207
Skirt String Island (Hong Kong), ix Slevin, Brian, 317
Smith, Albert, 77, 83, 154, 328 Smith, C. C., 127-8; on Executive
Council, 134; opposes Chinese business infiltration, 143; 147, 329
Smith, C. T., 328, 329
Smith, the Right Revd George, Bish-
op of Hong Kong, 64, 77; and schools, 113; 116, 117
Smith, Middleton, 107 Smith, N. L. (Colonial Secretary),
departs, 249; 266
Smugglers' Ridge (Ma Tze Keng),
199
Snowdon, F., appointed Puisne
Judge, 136
South China Morning Post, 235, 250-1; 'Day of Good Cheer', 261; and the arts, 304; 331 South China Sea, 123 Special Administrative Region (HK),
Chinese proposal of, 287 Spiteful (vessel), and Davis at Bom-
bay, 116
Spring Gardens (Spring Garden
Lane), ix; temple, 40; drawn by Bruce, 55; 57, 72, 87 Squatters, 282-4 Stamp Ordinance, 122 Stanley camp, conditions, privations
in, 262
Stanley, Lord, 39, 43, 46
Stanley (village), 35; barracks built, 35; temple at, 40; 60; school, 115; pupils at school, 116; gaol built, 245; captured by Japanese, 261; settled in 1920s, 287 Star Ferry Company, post-war,
272; concourse, 309 Statue Square, 214, 241 Staunton Street, school at, 114 Staunton, Revd V., 116 Steam power, superseding junks, 160; impact of steam turbine on trade, 161
Stephen, Sir James, 46; and the
law, 49
Stephens, M. J. D., and the clock
tower, I01-2, 220 Sterling, P. I., Attorney-General, 46 Stewart, F., 117
Stonecutters island, ceded, 82; 93,
94, 95, 130
Street lighting, gas 1865, 102; by
electricity 1890, 177 Strikes, pawnbrokers, coolies, cargo-coolies, 93, 136; engineers and fitters 1919, 226-8; seamens and general, 228; employers' in- comprehension of causes, 226; leaders of strikers, 226; causes of strike, 226; settlement, return of workers, 228; strike and boycott of 1925-6, 229-30; origins in Shanghai, 229; ends, 229 Stubbs, Sir Reginald, arrives in Hong Kong, 224; and the strikes, 228; and mui tsai, 228–9; opinion on strike, 230; 230; politically out of his depth, 233 Suez Canal, 132, 135, 161 Sulphur, HMS, 26
Sun Yatsen (Sun Yixian), student, 167; 167; and Hong Kong neu- trality, 191; letter to Governor, 191; marvels at Hong Kong, 219; links Guomindang to socialism, 225-6
Supreme Court, 71, 80, 82; new building begun, 201, completed, 214; composition of under Clementi, 245; 300 Surgeon-General (British Army),.
condemns sanitary conditions in
Hong Kong, I56
Sutcliffe, Charles, and Godber, 314 Swiftsure, HMS, enters harbour;
264
Swire, J. S., founder, Butterfield and
Swire, 206
Tagore, Rabindranath, on Clementi,
234
Tai Kok Tsui, shipyards a Tai Mei Tuk, 301
Tai Mo Shan, occupied by f
forces, 258
Tai Po, 219, transformed into
town, 284-6; 301
Tai Po Hui, opposition to the British
at, 194
Tai Shan, customs station at, 195- Tai Tam, Tai Tam Gap, new res
ervoir finished, 219; Governor opens stage two of reservoir, 221 Tai Tam Tuk, waterworks, opened,
210
Index
361
Taikoo Docks, inspected by Lugard,
206; 208; size, 208; strikes at, post-war, 272 Taikoo Shing Estate, 286 Taiping Rebellion, 23, 65–6, 71,
72; Bonham visits leaders, 73; 80; effects on Hong Kong, 87; 280
Taipingshan, 33, 55; fire in, 72;
100, 107, 155, 155; and plague, 185; resumed by government and razed, 188
Taiwan, blockaded, 294
Tan Chung-lin, blamed by Blake for obstructing take-over of New Territories, 194 Tanka village, 333
Tarrant, W., sues Ah Lum, 83-4;91 Tea, packing, ix; 8, 11, 65; adulter-
ated, 135
Teacher training, 290 Telegraph, electric, established, in- fluence on Hong Kong trade, 132 Tenement housing, Chinese, plans,
154
Thatcher, Margaret, 321 Thracian, HMS, 254
Tianjin, 65, 80; Treaty Port, 82,
250
Tian Wang, 72
Tide Cove, 254; Japanese approach,
258
Times, The, on Anstey, 83; on Hong Kong society, 84; opinion on Hong Kong 1859, 90 Tolo Harbour, 254 Torinochy, M. S., 329 Town planning, after typhoon, 131-2; thwarted, effect of Suez Canal and telegraph, 132 Trade unions develop, 229 Tramway, first section opened 1904, 206; boycott by Chinese, 218 Treaty Ports, foreign factories in, 31, 64, 66, 207; Governor's isdiction abolished, 74; 95, 157-8 Treaty of Tianjin, terms, signature
of, 80; Chinese refuse to ratify, 82; signing, 81; supplementary, 81; ratified, 1860, 82; 93, 158 Trench, Sir David, 313 Triad societies, 104; problems with,
174, 312 Trieste, 73
Tropic (opium ship), 95 Tsim Sha Tsui, murder of Chinese
at, 20, 94; 208, 215 Tsuen Wan (Gindrinkers Bay), water
brought from, 199; 254 Tuchman, B. W., 331
Tuen Mun, site of Tang garrison,
+
Portuguese at, 333; new industrial estate, 297
Tung, Captain B., 61
Tung Lo Wan, see Causeway Bay Tung Lung island, fort excavated,
333
Tung Wah Hospital, 104-5; open- ed, 104; reception hall, 104; subscriptions to, 105-6; and Chinese interests, and advice to Registrar-General, 106; Eitel's description of, 107; aids Po Leung Kuk, 108; powerful force, 110; III; mediates in boatmen's strike, 170; 181; criticized over plague treatment, 188; in the 1920s, 243 Turkey, 10
Twenty-one Demands, the, 225 Typhoid fever, originating in
+
brothels, 153 Typhoons, 1841, 34-5; 1867, 127; 1874, 130-1; 142, 176; 1906 (effects), 209–10; 210
Unequal Treaties, 30
United Members of the Executive and Legislative Councils (UMELCO), kept informed of negotiations on 1997, 322 United Nations, the, embargo on
trade with China, 277-8 United States, and opium, 10; 65;
embargo on goods to China, 295 University of Hong Kong, 212-13; proposed by Lugard, 212; chairs. endowed, Colonial Office's cool reaction to, composition pro- posed, origin of students, 213; first Vice-Chancellor, 213; insuffic- iently funded, share in Boxer Indemnity, 243; Rockefeller Foundation grant, 243; Fung Ping Shan Library, 243; expan- sion before World War II, 243; post-war problems and develop- ment, 290-2 Upper Wyndham Street, 143 Urban Council, the, born from the Sanitary Board 1936, 243; lack of power, its membership, 243; absence of enthusiasm for, 243
Verandah, 146, 344 Versailles, Treaty of, 224 Viceroy of Guangdong-Guanxi, 80; deputy to, 181; 193; and Lugard, 206, 210
Viceroy of Hebei-Hunan, and rail-
way funds, 205
Victoria (city), early development,
32-40; name adopted, 40; in the
1840s, 55-8; in 1846, 56; in late 1840s, 57; 59; Ice House Street, 73; water supply, 96, 100; 'filthy', 153; Chinese schools in, 115; 131, 174-6; in the late 19th century, 176-8; Lord Curzon on, 182; in chaos as Japanese poised to attack, 259
Victoria, Queen, 26; and Hong Kong, 31; Golden Jubilee, 1887, 176; statue commissioned for Victoria city, 176; death of, 198; statue of, 201, 201, 241 Victoria Peak, 27
Victoria (steamer), 125
Volage, HMS, arrives in Hong
Kong, 21
Wa Fu Estate, 287 Wade, T., 80
Wai Sing lottery (Guangzhou), 181 Waley, Arthur, 327
Wallis, Brigadier C., 256 Wan Chai, 55, 223; mob violence
in, 311
Wan Chai conspiracy, the, trial,
316
War Revenue Committee, the, set
up, 153 Washington
Naval Limitation Treaty, terms, signatories, 225; 254 Washington Treaties, the, 224 Water supply, 35; inadequate, 87;
insufficient, 96; partial failure of, 96; proposed source at Tai Tam, 132; work delayed under Hen- nessy, 148; continuing inad- equacy, 152; Tai Tam scheme started, 166; conduit from Pok Fu Lam constructed, 132; Tail Tam Extension scheme, 1 84; from Tsuen Wan, 199; provision for the New Territories, 199, 199; Tai Tam Tuk waterworks opened, 210; Kowloon waterworks com- pleted, 214; post-war position, 272; Plover Cove, High Island Reservoirs constructed, 300-1,
302
Watson, A. S., 227
Webb, Sir Aston, designs Supreme
Court, 201
Weihaiwei (Weihai), returned to
China, 332
Wei Yuk, becomes additional un- official member of the Executive Council, 190
Wellington, Duke of, and opium,
I 2
Wellington Street, 40, 55, 56 West Point, army established at,
362 Index
34; Navy decides against move to, 38-9; 64 Westminster Review, The, 75 Western Street, 33
Whitehead, T. H., opposes grant to Po Leung Kuk, 190; signs petition, 189
'Whitewash Brigade', the, 186–8 Whitfield, Major-General H. W., closes gaming houses, 126; and West Indian police, 129; 134 Williams, A. K., 331
Wing Lok Street, 133 Winnipeg Grenadiers, sent to Hong
Kong, 256
Wong, J. Y., 327, 328 Wong, L. S. K., 332
Wong Nai Chung Gap, captured by
the Japanese, 261 Wong Shing (Dr Legge's collabor- ator), 106; appointed to Legisla- tive Council, taking Jackson's seat, 169; background, 169
Wood, H. J., 327
World War I, 1, 222-3; effects in
Hong Kong, 222; ends, 223 World War II, 1, 2, 254, 261 Wyndham Street, 56, 102
Xiamen (Amoy), 5, 28, 29, 30;
Japanese land at, 254
Yan Wo opium firm, 181 Yangzi (Yangtze) River, Valley, 80,
164, 222, 294 Yankees, 77
Yau Ma Tei, new drainage begun,
166
Yeh Mingchen, Imperial Commis-
sioner, 78-81, 82
Yellow River, see Huang He Yi (‘barbarian', 'tribal person'), 7; use forbidden by Treaty of Tianjin 1858, 80
Yilibu, Imperial Commissioner, 29
Youde, Sir Edward, Governor, takes part in Sino-British negotiations, 322
Young, Sir Mark, arrives in Hong Kong, 249; rejects Japanese sur- render demands, 260; surrenders to Japanese, 261; taken prisoner (to Wusong, Taiwan), 261; 260; returns to Hong Kong, takes over administration, 273; 'new angle of vision', 273; the 'Young Plan', 273-5; leaves Hong Kong, 274 'Young Plan', the, 273-5; provi-
sions of, 274
Young, Dr W. S., 212 Yuan Shikai, 222, 225
Yuen Long, transformation from
village to New Town, 285-6 Yung Wing (pupil), 112
Zhoushan,"24
Zhu Jiang (Pearl River), 5, 10, 12,
28, 65, 79, 302
LO
Cartography by Survey Division
Lands Department
Hong Kong Government
Series AR/9/RD
Edition 1a 1985
DEEP BAY
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BOSTON PUBLIC LIBRARY
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RECLAMATION
سرقتم
MIRS BAY
ΤΑΙ
Nigel Cameron has lived in Hong Kong for nearly three decades. With the exception of two brief periods, he has avays been self- employed as a writer, an editor, and a publisher. He has written widely in two fields in which he is equally at home: the history and the art of Hong Kong, China, and South-east Asia. Among his many books are The Chinese Smile; Peking: A Tale of Three Cities; Barbarians and Mandarins (republished by Oxford University Press in 1989); China Today; From Bondage to Liberation: East Asia 1860-1952; and Hong Kong: The Cultured Pearl.
SAI KUNG
High
LONG
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35
30
25
20
1978
15
High Island
10
ROCKY HARBOUR
PORT SHELTER
SEUNG
JUNK
JUNK BAY
km0
2
Scale 1 200 000
4
1925-1945
8km
Zeon
reck
in
TU..
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ISBN 0-19-584997-3
9780195 849974′
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INV