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all other nations.
9.
The
unfortunately there is a reverse to thepicture.
foreigner has a legitimate grievance against his treatment.
None the less prejudice should not blind our eyes to the very
substantial achievements of the government in the directions
just indicated.
10. It le probable that if the Japanese professions had
been lesa extravagant, if they ceased to parade 'tanchoukuo as
an impossibly perfect paradise and their own aims as mure al-
truism, appreciation of their achievements would be less grudg-
ing.
Japan did not overturn the chinese administration to
liberate 30,000,000 inhabitants crying for aid but because the
Japanese military considered, probably correctly, that Japan's
rights under the Portsmouth and subsequent Chinese treaties,
on the basis of which she had built up an imperium in imperio
in South Manchuria, were being undermined by the Chinese.
Similarly when we come to study the form of government set up
in Manchoukuo we are faced with layers of high-sounding phrases
which have to be stripped away before we come to the bed-rock
of actual faot.
(2) Fora of Government
11. The declaration of the new government on March lat 1932
detailed the misdeeds of the previous régime and the sufferings
of the people under its oppression. It then enunciated the
principles under which the new government would proceed. State- craft should be founded on t'ien tao (the way of heaven) and
the government must conform to the will of the people. A cynic
would observe that we have here two conflicting methods of
government but that too much stress is not to be laid on the
second of the two methods is shown by a later statenent in the
same declaration that it would be the internal policy of the
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