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81. Towards the end of the year a serious shortage of foreign exchange has become apparent and permits to remit have been practically unobtainable. There is no reason to suppose that in this matter there is any unfair discrimina- tion against the foreign merchant, the truth being that the exchange is at the moment simply not available. The Manchurian dollar is still linked to the yen at the artificial value of 1s. 2d., which handicaps Manchukuo exports in competition with exports from Tientsin financed on the Chinese dollar, valued at approximately 8d. The fact that the two dollars exchange in Tientsin almost at par has naturally tempted speculators, and a number of cases of attempted evasion of the exchange control laws have been reported. The most conspicuous and recent case is that of a number of Jews in Harbin who are standing trial on the charge of making large sums by persuading others to apply for permits to remit exchange to non-existent relatives abroad, and then to sell the exchange to members of the ring at a price giving both a good profit. Recent legislation has made swindles of this kind more difficult, but as long as the anomaly continues it will be impossible to prevent it entirely.
XI. LIST OF TREATIES.
82. The following treaties were signed by Manchukuo during 1938-
Subject.
Treaty of Amity, and Opening of Diplomatic and Consular Relations
Place and
With.
Date of Signature.
Germany
Berlin,
May 5
Japan and Italy...
Tokyo,
July 5
Italy
Tokyo,
July 5
Germany
Hsinking,
Trade and Barter Agreement
Sept. 14
Poland
Tokyo,
Exchange of Consular Officers(1)
Oct. 19
Triangular Trade Agreement
Treaty of Friendship, Commerce and Navigation
Place and
Date of Exchange of Ratifications.
Date of Entry into Force.
Berlin, July 13
July 13
Hsinking, Aug. 11
Sept. 1
Rome, Nov. 18
Nov. 18
June
1
Tokyo, Dec. 7
Dec. 7
(1) Not a full treaty, but an agreement signed by the Ambassadors of the two countries.
Nationalist Spain.
On the 2nd December, 1937, at Tokyo, the Governments of Manchukur and Nationalist Spain accorded recognition to one another.
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