you'd never know it
SR-7
to look at it,
minolta
12.06562
FAR EASTERN
ECONOMIC REV
but
...a powerful CdS light meter is built in, all the way in. There is no bulky, protruding housing. The significance of this achievement becomes obvious when you see other 35mm cameras equipped with CdS meters. Take a look. You'll see the difference and why Minolta SR-7 is used by serious photographers throughout the world.
The CdS meter measures anything you can see. It's highly sensitive, covers an extensive range from candlelight to bright outdoors, and is every bit as accurate as the hand-held meters the professionals use.
SR-7 gives you photographs with the mark of experience. More than a camera, Minolta SR-7 is a photo- graphic system; F1.4/58mm Rokkor lens, speeds 1 to 1/1000, automatic pre-set diaphragm, pentaprism viewfinder, instant return mirror, depth-of-field preview and many other professional features. There are 14 interchangeable lenses and 28 other precision accessories.
See the new SR-7 at better camera dealers everywhere. Test it. Compare it feature for feature with any other camera made. Then compare the price.
Page 286
Minolta Masters Photography
Minolta
MINOLTA CAMERA CO., LTD.
Actober 31, 1963
Products of lesser value include cocoa beans, plumbago and papain. A new export to Japan in the first half of 1963 was ilmenite, the quantity being 73,000 cwt for Rs 97,340. A Japanese economic mission which visited the island recently suggested that Ceylon could increase her exports to Japan if she exploited more fully her opportunities to cultivate pro- ducts for which there is a ready market, such as soya bean, rather than depending on traditional products like tea, rubber and coconut.
shares are held by the Ceylon Govern-
ment.
About half (Rs 600,000) the Ordinary Share capital of Ceylon Bulbs & Electri- cals, Ltd is owned in equal proportion by two Japanese Companies, Toshiba and Mitsui. This Company produces a sub- stantial share of Ceylon's requirement of electric bulbs. Machinery was installed under the supervision of Toshiba engineers and tech-
nicians.
а
(Rs '000)
Page 286
teries and an enter- prise for culturing of pearls. They are ex- pected to go into production by the end of 1963 or early next year.
251
JAPAN INTO AFFLUENCE
Ceylon Synthetic Textile Mills Ltd has a capital of Rs 5m., 25% of which has been subscribed by Toyo Rayon Co., Ltd, -Ceylon's Domestic Exports to Japan
Tea in bulk Rubber Coir fibre bristle Coir fibre
Exports to all
Jan.-
Jan.-
countries in
June
June
1962
1962
9,768 1,136,635 12,486 290,235,384
6,048
1961
1963
1962
12,036 5,571
4,043
13,001 6,176 6,784
18,089
7,280
5,159
2,584
mattress
1,128
19,509
532
Cocoa beans
1,706
7,699 1,766
Plumbago
Total
1,362
35,441
5,610 1,863
1,766,063 40,425
596 1,006 479
428
853
885
19,740
17,244
Associated Rubber Industries Ltd, which has manufactur- ing capacity to meet Ceylon's full require- ment of bicycle tyres and tubes, has 40% of its capital owned between Mitsui Bus- san Kaisha and the Inoue Rubber Co. Half of Ceylon Dia Shirts' capital of Rs 550,000 is owned by Japanese interests. The factory has a capacity of 240,000 units yearly.
Japan is helping several industries in Ceylon both in the public and private sectors with capital and expertise. In the private sector, there is Japanese participa tion in the Ceylon Glass Co., Ltd., Nattandiya, which is producing glassware, particularly bottles for arrack (country liquor). The Japan Glass Co, and Mitsui Bussan between them hold about 18% and the State sponsored Development Finance Corporation 25% of the Preferred Ordinary shares, which are also held by the public. All the Deferred Ordinary
Ceylon's Imports from Japan.
(Rs '000)
Jan.- Jan.- June June 1961 1963 1962
Imports from all sources in
1962
1962
Fish, tinned or canned
13,543
19,291
4,731 1,121 8,076
Chillies dried
7,492
36,341
5,384 7,340 6,686
Sulphate of ammonia
1,203
36,249
154 1,391
23
Synthetic plastic materials
3,029
5,540
892 666
913
Reconstituted
& artificial
leather
1,461
Rubber tyres for motor
cars
647
Rubber tyres for other
vehicles & aircraft
1,218
2,945 547 382 704
7,354 760 244 494
14,388 1,845 1,102 670
Tea & other chests
plywood
Printing & writing paper Cotton piecegoods bleach-
8,314 1,181
ed
woven
14,909 Cotton piecegoods dyed 14,345 Cotton piecegoods colour
4,347 Cotton piecegoods printed 26,923 Fabrics of synthetic fibres
& spun glass
18,322
16,288 7,644 2,660 4,202 5,128 1,271 400 283
19,270 17,011 3,939 7,842 23,451 13,266 4,818 6,871
6,243 3,320 913 2,044 41,887 27,559 2,044 14,190
29,265 20,483 3,156 10,794
Fishing nets & netting of
all kinds
3,932
Cement, Portland
Sheet window glass
6,691 1,507
4,383 1,816 549 1,773 19,580 7,119 1,477 1,562 2,225 1,185 26 621
Plates & sheets, coated &
galvanised to pack Cey-
lon produce for export Tubes & pipes, iron &
1,018
steel
2,866
Machinery & appliances
2,323
Parts of bicycles not
motorised
1,088
Buttons & studs
1,147
Fountain pens & parts
1,691
2,719 1,107 939 3,950
9,550
1 78 710 36,504 1,355 1,236 723
6,703 645 78 634 1,303 565 140 598 4,977 1,347 325 494
Manufactured articles
other
Total
1,755 11,058 755 375 707
181,444 1,659,574 156,755 45,970 92,473
was
on
The Lanka Light Knitting Co., Ltd., Moratuwa, is making hosiery and other garments with Ja- panese participation. Ocean Foods and Trade (Ceylon and Japan) Lid started in 1955 with a subscribed capital of Rs 571,000, half of which was owned by Japanese who supplied vessels charter with crews and provided train- ing
facilities for Ceylonese personnel. The Company's trawlers have been taking about 22 million lbs. of fish annually. Very re- cently, it completed a Rs 4m. ice factory at Mattakuliya and a canning factory is under consideration.
Joint ventures more recently ap- proved by the Ceylon government include plant for the produc- tion of textiles, motor car and lorry bat-
Mitsui and Co. Ltd. and Sakai Textiles. Production capacity will be 7m. yards of synthetic and chemical textiles.
Kundanmal Industries Ltd. is being assisted by Teikoku Rayon Co. Ltd and C. Itoh and Co., whose contribution to the capital is Rs 400,000 or 40% of the total. It will produce rayon silk and acetate.
Paragon (Textiles) Industries, Ltd. has 40% of its Rs 1m. capital subscribed by the Asahi Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. and Chori Co., Ltd. It will produce rayon silk bemberg and finish and process textile fabrics.
of
a
Fisheries
Ceylon Pearl Fisheries Ltd has a capital million rupees, half of which has been subscribed by its collaborators, Dai Ichi Co. Ltd and Tasaki Pearls Ltd. In the public sector, Japanese technical aid has been given for ilmenite production and improvement of the railway and telecommunications. A Rs 1,300,000 fisheries centre at Negombo gives courses in handling fishing gear and in operation and maintenance of fishing boat engines, In August 1962, a Rs 28,500 gift of Pilot teleprinter machines from Japan enabled the Post Office to inaugurate its first Sinhala Teleprinter Service.
The Japanese government has also presented toy making machinery and machinery for bamboo work, pottery, handicrafts and textile manufacture, and made available the services of experts. One of the earliest fields where aid from Japan was received was rice cultivation techniques, and this aid is being continued. Page 286 of 344
252 Page 287 of 344
JAPAN INTO China Trade Dilemma
AFFLUENCE
“Special
Survey
September 14 to make arrangements for trade between Japan and China in 1964. The mission decided to limit the expan- sion of trade to the level of 20% above the first year trade plan because of Japan's delicate relations with Taiwan. Agreement was reached on a total import- export trade volume worth $100 million for 1964.
From Kazuo Takita, Tokyo
TRADE RELA- TIONS between China and Japan are now entering into the second year along the lines laid out by a memorandum on long-range barter trade signed by Mr Tatsunosuke Takasaki and Mr Liao Cheng-chih in Peking last autumn. Negotiations for the present year came to an end with the approval by the Japanese Government of the export of a vinylon plant to China on a deferred payment basis.
The two countries' trade deals concluded in the first year totalled about 80% of the targets except iron and steel and coking coal. The total value of trade with China was up 12.2% in the first half of 1963 over the corresponding period of last year, with imports in particular swelling by 24.3%. A further expansion is expected between the two countries in the latter half of this year.
Combined with the trade conducted through 200 "friendly firms" designated by Peking, this would increase Japan's total trade both ways with China to about $160 million, more than the $143 million achieved in 1957 before trade relations were severed when a Chinese flag was torn down in Nagasaki Department Store in Kyushu.
The 24-member mission included four Liberal-Democratic members of the Na- tional Dict, officials of JETRO (Japan
From S. C. Banerji, Rangoon
The International Trade and Industry Burma Diverts Trade Ministry has officially expressed its stand on Japan-China trade relations before the departure of the 24-member trade mission to Peking that the Japanese Government had decided to stay aloof from trade with China in consideration of Japan's rela- tions with Taiwan. Japan's approval to export a vinylon plant to Peking under the deferred payment basis aroused strong opposition from Taiwan.
Before the departure of the Japanese private mission to Peking, the Japanese Government had originally intended to set an overall framework for Japan's trade with China, a specific quota for plant exports and a limit to loans from the Export-Import Bank of Japan. MITI feared, however, that such an action would give the impression that the Japanese Government was encouraging
trade with China within a certain limit. It also opined that trade plans for the second year should be fixed by the private mission and that such plans should be carried out entirely on a private basis as in the first year.
From this standpoint, MITI hoped that the mission will set the goal of trade for the second year at a level not much exceeding the first year's, that plant exports be limited and that easy payment terms that could be taken as a form of aid would not be offered to Peking.
Under these circumstances, the 24- member
private mission, led by Mr Kaheita Okazaki, president of All-Nippon Airwaysage219 3fde Peking on
TIES BETWEEN Burma and Japan have developed remarkably since the Peace Treaty Agreement was signed in 1954. Under the Reparations Contracts that followed Japan provided Burma with US$200 million in "pure reparations", and US$50 million for economic operation.
CO-
There were some notable developments in the field of economic co-operation. Three separate agreements were signed in September 1962 between the Directorate of Defence Industries of Burma and the Matsushita Electrical Industrial Com pany of Japan for manufacture of elec trical goods and appliances and radio sets in Burma. The Japanese firm is to provide technical expertise and materials. Under the first agreement such items as bulbs, plugs, sockets etc. will be manufactured; under the second, household electrical appliances such as electric irons, fans and washing machines and under the third, transistor radios.
raw
By another agreement between the Defence Industries and the International Trading House (BEDC) on the one side and Kubota Iron and Machinery Works Ltd. on the other, manufacture and assembly of 3,000 5-horse power water pumps and 1,000 tillers a year were undertaken.
In order to provide the nation with sufficient number of low priced utility motor vehicles, the Revolutionary Gov- ernment has concluded contracts with
FAR EASTERN ECONOMIC REVII
External Trade Organisation), and bank- ing, fertiliser, agricultural chemical, farming tools and machinery, special steel, food and animal feedstuffs representatives. The mission hoped to make arrangements for exports of 200,000 to 250,000 tons of anmonium chloride, 7 million (British) lbs of steel materials, 2 million lbs of agricultural chemicals, 2 million lbs of farm machinery, and 2 million lbs of alloys. The import goal incuded 300,000 tons of soybeans, between 150,000 and 250,000 tons of corn, 100,000 tons of pig iron and 50,000 tons of peas and beans. The supply and demand situation in Japan may make it impracticable to import pig iron from China.
The mission was told that the Japanese Government would not approve deferred payment terms, as it did this year for sales of ammonium chloride to China. The Government has said, however, that deferred payment arrangements for plant exports to China will be examined on the merits of each individual case.
Japanese firms for manufacture of motor vehicles in the country. A joint-working agreement has been concluded for the production of cars by the Directorate of -Burma's Purchases from Japan-
(Kyats million)
1959 1960 1961 1962
(Jan.-Jun.)
Textiles Base Metals
Mfg. Electrical
Machinery. 23.7 Transport
72.4 116.2 82.1 27.3
26.7 32.4 23.4 12.8
7.8 3.2 2.1
Equipment.
19.1
22.9
7.9
4.6
Machinery
Non-Electrical 18.7
13.3
6.7
3.7
MFS of Metals 7.9 18.4 6.1
3.5
Rubber Mfg.
6.3 9.3 27.4
5.7
Fish & fish
4.6
2.3
3.1
3.2
8.8
3.5
2.8
1.6
3.7 3.1
9.1 6.8
preparation
-
Textile fibres 3.7 Non-Metallic
8 NW & EN O
12
Min. Mfg.. Professional
Instrument
6.1
3.2
Misc. Food Prep. Paper & paper
board Medicine &
2.9
5.1
Pharma-
ceuticals Clothing Explosives
1.2
1.6 2.4
1.2
1.3
0.1
2.3
0.2
0.1
1.5
2.4
1.4
Fertilisers Dyeing &
4.4
tanning Chemicals Others
1.0 1.1
1.5
1.1
2.1
1.6 1.7
1.1
Total
214.9 266.8 206.2 92.3
October 31, 1963
ence Industries and the International Trading House Ltd. on the one hand and the Toyo Kogyo Co. of Japan, motor car manufacturers, on the other. Burma- made parts in the vehicles will constitute only 20% in the first year, gradually rising to 80% in the fourth year. The joint-working factory is now producing Mazda vehicles-pickups,
and trucks. An agreement was signed in 1961 between the Defence Ministry and Toyota Motor Sales Co. of Japan for assembly of 300 motor trucks for the army. Subsequently the agreement was revised to provide for assembly of 500 trucks annually.
vans
The City Transport Company of the BEDC has purchased 50 Hino buses from the Hino Motors Ltd. of Japan. A 10-year agreement, subject to revision, has been reached between the Directorate of Defence Industries and Hino Motors for assembly in Burma of 200 Hino buses in the first two years and at least 50 annually in subsequent years, and 300 heavy diesel trucks in the first year and 600 annually in the next four years.
Frequent Japanese Missions There has been co-operation in other fields also. A Twelve-member Japanese Natural Gas Survey Mission visited Burma last February in connection with construction of a fertiliser plant. A three-member Mission came to Burma last November to study potential iron ore yields in the country, particularly
Division. in the Tenasserim January a five-member Japanese Mission arrived to survey the tea industry in all its aspects. The Mission visited Nam- san, the tea-growing area of the Shan State.
Last
A Japanese Reparations Mission led by Mr Sadasuke lizuka, Vice-Foreign Min- ister of Japan, arrived in Rangoon on March 28; next day Burma and Japan signed an Agreement on Economic and
Ngasein Burma 15% at £43 10 sh.
The Japan Bean-shoot Manufacturing Co-operative signed a three-year agree- ment with the Union of Burma Agricul- tural Marketing Board last February. Under the agreement, the Co-operative undertook to purchase a minimum of 25,000 tons of Burmese matpe (beans) annually.
Burma's annual purchases from Japan have averaged Kyat 228 million. Com- pared to imports, sales to Japan have been strikingly low, about Kyat 46 million yearly. Of Burma's total purchases from abroad, over 20% have come from Japan since 1957. She has ranked first among suppliers to Burma, followed by Britain. But Japan's purchases from Burma have represented only 4% of Burma's total sales. Burma's main export is rice, years, Japan has had bumper crops. Her purchases averaged only 40,000 tons a year till 1960--In 1961, she purchased only 10,000 tons-as against Indonesia's 366,000 tons India's 289,000 tons. China purchased 361,000 tons in 1961; previously her purchases were very small.
and in recent
and
Burma imports from Japan some 17 items valued at least over Kyat million yearly. Textiles top the list: purchases rose to Kyat 116 million in 1960, but declined to Kyat 82 million in 1961 and are likely to have fallen further last year, because of diversion of Burmese purchases to China and other countries. Next come Base Metals Manufactures, which have arrived in a steady bow in the past four years. Imports of Electri- cal Machinery declined sharply from Kyat 24 million in 1959 to Kyat 8 million in 1960 and Kyat 3 million in 1961. The reason may perhaps be found· - in addition to trade diversion in the joint-
-
working arrangement between Burma and Japan for manufacture of electrical goods in Burina. For the same reason,
there was a
255
Page 287 o£314
JAPAN INTO AFFLUENCE
Special
able decline in Trans- port Equipment to Kyat 8 million in 1961 from Kyar 23 million a year pre- viously.
Survey
as
water
Non-electrical Machinery declined by about 50%. Articles such pumps and tractors are now being pur- chased from Czechoslovakia and Russia. Rubber manufactures increased noticeably in 1961 to Kyat 27 million-three times more than in the previous year, and Paper Manufactures to Kyat 9 million- one third more - while non-metallic Minerals Manufactures almost doubled to Kyat 9 million. Japan is gaining mar- kets in Burma for Medicines and Phar- maceuticals and for Clothing; the former increased by Kyat 1 million and the lat ter by Kyat 2 million during 1961.
Imports of Japanese fish and fish pre- parations of which Japan was previously the largest supplier-have almost stopped since 1961. Burma appears to have found better goods elsewhere. There was
1
temporary rise almost three times the average import in Manufacturers of Metals and Textile Fibres during 1960. But Burma now imports large quantities of textile fibres particularly synthetic With yarns from European countries. emphasis on agriculture, by the Revolu- tionary Government large quantities of fertilisers were for the first time, im- ported during the first half of 1962.
Total imports from Japan declined from Kyar 267 million in 1960 to Kyat 206 million in 1961, and are expected to de- cline further in 1962.
Japan's main purchases from Burma were cereals, fruit and vegetables, cotton and metals -- the first three figuring prominently in the statistics. Average Japanese purchases were Kyat 46 million annually, but they are likely to have increased last year.
Technical Co-operation and a Protocol Booming with Hongkong
concerning Burma's claim to additional reparations. Japan is consequently to extend to Burma a grant of US$140 million to enable Burma to purchase Japanese goods and services in a period of 12 years from April 16, 1965, and a commercial loan of US$30 million within six years from the date of coming into force of the agreement. By this agree ment Burma has waived further claims to reparations.
In January 1963 Burma and Japan extended their trade agreement by another year with effect from Janu- ary, 1, 1963. Japan has agreed to buy this year 25,000 tons of Burma rice-15,000 tons of Meedon 15% at 4010 sh. 9 a ton, and 10,000 tons of
By M. Tin Htun
JAPAN'S TRADE with Hongkong for the past two years has been booming. In spite of the ever-increasing surplus balances ia her favour, Japan still manages to export more to Hongkong. In 1962, this surplus of exports over imports was 917% according to Japan's statistics and 399% according to Hong- kong's.
Hongkong's industrial products are well received in Japan. These consist of mainly plastic flowers, and jewellery and jade having undergone Hongkong handi- craft. If steel, iron and brass scrap were not taken into account—that is, excluding the ship-breaking industry-Hongkong in
1962 exported HK$42 million worth of produce to Japan, an increase of 67% over the $25 million of 1961. Then comparing the first half of 1963 to that of 1962, Hongkong increased her exports by 55% to Japan. And Hongkong's entrepot export to Japan showed con- siderable increases also.
Hongkong's exports to Japan are only 0.3% of the latter's total imports. Japan is thus bent on importing more from Hongkong if possible: the complaint is of inadequate quality. In fact, Japan as a market for Hongkong's exports has de creased from Hongkong's total exports in 1968 5% in
254