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Page 442
CHAPTER I.-RECONSTRUCTION
15. Regastruction 468mpaign.-These reshgions43nstru8the Director- General to ensure the continuance of the reconstruction campaign begun in 1946. UNESCO itself is not a relief agency and it does not itself organise collections of funds or materials. It achieves its object by assisting Member States and voluntary bodies to do this and, where this work is done at national levels, it seeks to co-ordinate effort between them, preventing over- lapping and directing attention to the areas of greatest need. There are therefore several resolutions calling for the provision by UNESCO of basic information on needs and of suitable publicity and campaign material illus- trating those needs. To help co-ordinate and direct the vast volume of aid which the voluntary bodies are already providing, authority has been given to continue the work of the Temporary International Council for Educational Reconstruction (TICER), a body representing the main international non- governmental aid organisations. Member States themselves are asked to support this campaign, by co-ordinating their own national efforts, by form- ing reconstruction committees of their National Commissions and by arrang- ing for duty-free entry of contributed educational materials.
16. Intellectual Refugees and Educational Building. Two resolutions which fall within this section are concerned with two of the most serious social problems of today; the first, the employment of the 40,000 intellectual refugees who remain as the hard core of the last one million displaced persons still under the care of the International Refugee Organisation; the second, the provision of buildings and equipment for schools and universities to replace war damage and to provide for an increasing world birthrate.
17. Co-ordination with United Nations. In all this work care has been taken to ensure co-ordination with the United Nations and its Specialised Agencies. In 1948, it was possible to combine in several countries the UNESCO campaign for educational reconstruction with the United Nations Appeal for Children.
A joint appeal was possible in the cause of the physical and mental needs of children. In 1949, this co-ordination will be very much more difficult since the United Nations have resolved to limit their appeal to the physical needs of children. A serious responsibility lies therefore, not only upon UNESCO, but also upon the United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund, to ensure that the generosity of nations and of voluntary societies is not taxed with two major world-wide appeals in one year.
18. Direct Emergency Aid.-While there have been emergency needs in educational, scientific and cultural reconstruction, UNESCO has been autho- rised to spend some of its budgetary funds on direct purchase and distribution of equipment and materials. In 1947 the sum spent in this way was $360,000; in 1948, $310,000. The Conference again recommended continu- ance of this aid, but on a reduced scale. In 1949 only $175,000 have been allocated for this purpose. This reduction was counterbalanced by the in- creased importance given to international voluntary youth camps, which the Director-General was charged with sponsoring and assisting wherever possible in 1949.
19. From Reconstruction to Construction.—It was not only in the diminish- ing figure allocated to emergency reconstruction purchases nor in the in- creasing importance attached to activities such as youth camps where new and constructive work is being planned and executed by the world's youth that the United Kingdom Delegation detected the emergence of a new policy. Many delegations openly advocated a reduction in the scope of the aid paid
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