THE HONGKONG' TELEGRAPH, SATURDAY, MAY 27, 1950.
The scourge
third of the
And how it
is being stamped out
W
HEN the inst war extended to tropical areas, the attention of chemists and scientists became focused upon a variety of insect-borne diseases.
Of these, malaria is without parallel in its toll of death and suffering, It affects about one-third of the world's population, with an annual death-roll of at least 4,000,000.
Quinine, obtained
human
of
world
one
sleeping menace,
D.D.T. spraying from the
sir on farm in Texas.
Although from
remains the bark of the cinchona sickness
it is more amenable to contrat
Indeed, it is only quite re cently that any effective drugs discovered for
tree, in Java and Borneo, by drugs that it is in domestle
the suppressive drug niets. WHA used to combat malaria.
But when Japan came into the war supplies were cut IT. A critical situation arose, and substitutes had to be found.
been
have veterinary purpours,
One of the Bird really promise tule tabees was phenach drum 1653.
The use of this drug is not, however, anattended by danger, as it definitely toxic when ased in large amounts.
work Resarch
new fly, and in 1948 it was annouard that andhr
antrycide, had synthetic drug.
(77)
The first full-scale application of D.D.T. in il
wat
Rector
This has now .been done
through D.D.T. and the last des-
noaquito troyed, Eighteen thousand cases of malaria a year have been re- duced to 100. And
of the 100. none in due to a
new infection.
This triumph of modern selence has Leen achieved at a cost of only £300,000.
Λ somewhat simi. lar plan was started in Mauritius in 1948. Malarla Arst made ils appearance in the island in 1865 az an epidemic of particular severity,
Its effects are today ref:cted in the lowered vitality and the of Hi-henith Rcheral population as well as the high ) infant mortality.
Decrease
SIGNIFICANT
reduction
גן!
decrease in
fever- has been
was in the attempt to halt
typhus epidemic In severe Naples at the end of 1993.
Nearly
The eldence of the diseme Civilian 1.300.000 disinfected by dusting has already been brought about, were
yellow with a powder containing five while at the same time a imprised percent .D.T.
This major attack on the carrying me quiters
carrier of typhus, noted. loss, the quickly brought the disease un-
Slil another striking success dee control, and for the first
achieved in British time in the world's history a has been
Here D.D.T. has been applied as a residual spray to mid-winter.
and buildings, und typlus outbreak was arrested in Guiana.
Ready by 1943 SOME years before the war. German themists
The extraordinary potency al houses Lad prepared two synthetic
of D.D.T. in killing lice led to has proved highly offerlive.
At the name time, lariasis contimalarial substances, then tried with success.
Antrveide, which is compara- the introduction of impregna1-
yellow fever, two other new gartments for all our front-
masquito-borne punaquin and mepacrine.
tively run-toxic, brings
up freeps.
tender tsetse
only
tion.
the
domina-
Of these, pamaquin has to the desolated areas now been found to have specialised use as an anti. malarial drug. On other hand, mopacrine is us effective as quinine.
Chemists, in Britain and
in the U.S., set to work on mepacrine, manufacturing
and by 1943 there were sup- plies for the troops.
Mepacrine, however, has
important However specite drugs may in cumluating malarin, trypanosomiasie
other insect-carried di- reases, the ultimate goal murt be, where possible.
extermination
the
the insect vectors.
uf
Supply stopped
us brings
known as
the compound D.D.T. in the
certain disadvantages. It picture and reval ones of the
is difficult and expensive to outstanding manufacture, it turns the wor
skin yellow, and is definitely toxic.
Tomare
of the
insee jeide 19 the ' to
killing ued for tely
Alles was ex- Tapuliten tak
Moreover, it does not fracted from pyrethrum flowers, cure all forms of malaria, the bulk of which were grow
In Japan
When that country ene into the war against us, this supply
A more efficient drug was required.
Tests on chicks
TH
by
ww groped.
Step: were at me taken to
the cultivation Lures
in Kenya and at a sub- im to findi
15 challenge was taken up pyrethrum
Employing the ntne) reientists walaria-infected chicks a fort stitute. opents, they succented, in 1944, mn producing a relativrig umpir coat-lar product, milled
drin
pah-
Paludrine is the safet tal at effective drug so far pro- dured,
insect-borne Among other diseases, trypanegrani sis carried by the teele dy, in for Equa- (orial Africa Jus as devastating as malaria.
Unlike the mu.quito, however, tete firs attack both man and animals.
0372 alle
by Professor
and
deadly
Sir Ian Heilbron D.S.O., F.R.S.
di-
זוייג!
have brought under control.
It is noteworthy that British Gulana in- has fant
mortality dropped by more than 75 percent.
111
Similar campaigns are being pursued in Ceylon, the African Colonies, Greece, Sicily,
As a spray for the control of and other parts of the world. malaria and other insect trans-
mitted discares, a live pereat Blanket of smoke
rolution in kerosene was gen-
rally employed.
m05-
MUCIT attention is now being Mad to the destroying In
cful!
use of insec quitoes hand or power sprayers Heides for the extermination of were used, and the walls and
tsutse, all dwelling places ceilings of
Very promising Iarge-scale were freely sprayed.
been have recently trials The Carval
.of stage
enrried out by the Government Is payer
of South Africa in Zuplaani. tir breeding places quickly Tree-top tying planes were water, and D3.T. spraying of
marked de employesi, about a
and D,D,T. in the brought
form of a blanket of stoke create of the me quite popula
111יף :ו777?
tic
areas
the lin
were
SMATER M'CARTHY
ACHESON-STALIN'S LAPPOG
ACHESON-THE MONSTER OF.
WEST
"Can I be both!"
TAL
COMINFORM
London Express Service
BERNARD WICKSTEED TOUCHES THE HEIGHTS
One peep outside
"Well, you ought to write about It." he said. "We're trying to raise £100,000 to repair it. Otherwise it's going to fall clown."
So, telling the family I wouldn't be long, I went off with him to meet Mr I. C. Parsons, the clerk of the works.
was
enough
for me
I noticed some scaffolding. 400ft. up at the top of the spire, but I never dreamed that the man intended to take me there, farthing
commemorates
KYX 2
walted bolow
the workman in a gown like a monk,
victory. Now n mason's pay in but by a 20th century steeple- Jack m a waistcoat and pointed about 2s. Bd. an hour.
shoes.
1
that
The the
You know, I expect, spire of Salisbury Cathedral is
- Mr Parsons told
climb- highest in England. In 1984 a-colonel preceded me to the top with a barometer, of these things
204ft. ed up winding stone stairs that my and calculated the height as
Later sur- workmen trod six and
me As we
some
Seven
(St. Paul's, 38511.). veys prove he was
• Arrow about four inches. chowt
whore
was where thought this
tour
Mr but anded, 1amous tald: "There are two One is up the steeplejacks
ladders right to hundred years to and as we ways on from here.
clambered over the original oak the beams under the roof, fill free have put outsitie." about of the death watch beetle be-
The spire ako lenus
the foundations rank when
he wont ft. to the south-west, became chus the builder? knew
SALISBURY.
the
I
I crept out...
CREPT but to a narrow ledgo and looked up, then shut my yes hurriedly. The top alder
overhung
when rached the scaffolding,
The alternative route was up
it
importance of light and ventila- was being built. You can ser tion.
have helper Several things the tilt from the ground.
Cathedral rurvive F you had to name some
According to all the rules of Salisbury typical symbol of Eng- architecture and engineering it when it should bave tumbled actually
down.
One of them is the size and what would it be? should have fallen down cen
up inside the should protects it from trame vibra- a series of 13 builders' ladders vote for the spire of buries ago. By mindern standarts of the surrounding close, which
Cathedral. To the int foundations
tion,
Another is the restraint or that zigzanged Salisbury
organists as they pull out the spire. I stil don't know how, or why, I did it, but 20 minutes and others,
3211, steps.
fater I was peering through n. small doorway 35ft. from top.
Mr Parsons, already on the
"Com: senfolding raid:
England.
that
is very a strain of six tons to the
the foot. Actually, quary support 20 tons to the foot,
enitted through the engine ex-l'd Then spraying from nireraft haust
pipe was spread as swath, 70 yurds in width.. upon me of was introduced, and larite mos
the ketur-inhabited vegetation. quito-breedin adequately treated.
field work 1thly significant
So on the way back from progress in Westla is also in
by specially the West Country we park- Tanganyika and trained teams of reiend«ta,
us to D.D.T., of Dentero
This brought
continction Diphi-Trichloroethane.
By these 25303321- enalti from malaria and other insect bame darates were reduced to
Animiatri.
The last mosquito
It was not until 1939 that the value of D.D.P. as an inrectierlo was revealed, when it was word in Switzerland
dr the potato" pret powder 10 crop from the Colorade beetle.
Sampl W T
4. A
15
jed our car named Desire
The experiments include the falias KYX2) in the cathe use of smoke canistersund bell-drai cluse.
decovery of UDT. was copter spraying for areas where
by
the the bush is particularly dense.) followed
of other intensely Of these, insecticides,
builders were The original themselves a bit scared about whether they'd stone ton far, and
the
GI
Stood 600 Years YET he saire has stund for they reinforced the tower and
I leaned out and touched the It was old when spite with wrought iron, Chris Gut. Wonderful view."
Sir topher Wren though a "se alive.
again. Christopher Wren repaired it best smith's work and ye hest reaffolding. Just to say I'd done
of its it, and popped inside It rhonisin in Europe ancient monument.
B00 years.
Shakespeare
was
That was quite enough for me. Going down was worse than The ironwork in't the only going up, and when I reached the and Desire, "Where have you thing that is as good as ever. the grouil There le an oak windlars in the family said: tower that the medieval work been?"
P.S.-I almost forgot to tell nien used to haul up stone.
CG 13s. 4. to build. Now it
But the easual halt de- has been set on fire by light- are"
nested in ty jackdaws, An apparent drop in fly den-veloped into a personal ad- ning.
storers into energence Down
can venture. Within an hour of and mantandled by clumsy re
at up to 98-99 percent
the foot I
But it still stands, a non- Brian towards the end of 1942. Potent
daring design' By in the found myself up at the top,
ment to single a in HC (benzeneleschicride), be achieved. but for final vie.stopping and it soon became evident that special reference may be made sity
The workmanship. undi imrably which is even more active than tory
D.D.T. Bgainst come insrets. chosen area must be destroyed. hanging like mad to the top
masons who made it were paid far the moof à Bulder. kup ring to any natural
The ask my, synthetic material to far employ-
new insecticides
extensively used ment, be too difficult, but al-
new in ready numerable te ed against a wide variety of in- and
İLD.T. WAS uniq secticide
Perhaps the
4103
These
sing
trees, and forests,
In
WH
are
every
-London Express ServICE.
It is one of those things that you. The cathedral cost £20.- 1. a day they staged che you walk round inside like a insecticides, more It happened like this. A of the first strikes in history, squirrel in a revolving cage, and will take £30.000 to repair the
A when we appeared it was being top 20ft. of the spire alone. the and not a farthing extra. process of exter-close, recognised the number street in Salisbury called Penny- operated not by a 14th century ect. which ravage crops, fruit lethal than D.D.T., are appear fellow, walking across
disease-carrying of
of the car, and asked if I'd plentlessly will be
to write about come spire. I said: "No. just come to look at it."
The disease in an is known
sects, such as Dies, mos epuitovomi, bu, cockroaches, as sleeping sickness, while in fee,
ing, and the cattle it is called nagana. Its many insect that de trey crops,
alebrity.
must important poslaught
the Mediterranean, Cyprus
mination malaria-ridden for and where the beire fly abounds property of DDT. is its ability neither rattle nor other domes in retain its lethal effectivenes
turies, but it was not until 1915 insects for month on enl. tie animals can be kept.
The rapid manufacture of that the possibility of crudicat pursued, As result, vast
was considered, what might be valuable grazing D.D.T, becam: a matter of first in all the infecting mosquitues
Land are left desolate
tracts of
importance,
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In Sight And Sound, Through
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(World copyright-London Express Service)
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*
the
I've
Saturday at the Diamond Horseshoe by BILLY ROSE
of a
Jig-saw solution double-death mystery
has
case of
A recently and wish murder? Was he be double as he could they
New York everyone in the neighbou heops, and for 20
detretive
mid headed
to
鲞
that
old
S a person
At the foot of the stairs he Or was it murder and suleide?
MacVeigh collapsed and died,
went Delective Palty
Next, MacVeigh burgled, I've been doing a
Lillion Nosenfeld. amount of was handed this sizzling spud, considerable
Itch work
a harmless old but hanging around police sta- and went about cooling he had been
not like Sherlock Holmes
bal who scavenged around junk years had tions lately, and I've made a ke an ordinary polleeman,
lle started by
lived 113 $7-n-month batement highly edifying discovery
which was Alled with -the average
had lived; room
plano the tenement everything from
weathervane. detective is plenty smart where the victims
rolls to a rusty inch-by-inch
their flats they had and, considering how few of
called
purned them there are, gets plenty homes, Jigsawed together a lot From employees of the Automat
of blographical bils and pieces, the
occasions the of results.
and came up with a solution so on several
one connect:d dame had parked herself in the could where she mezzanine, To give you an idea of what simple that n10
can do once with the case could imagine the ordinary cop
it hadn't been thought watch the tables on the main left Anor. When comcone he gets going, let me tell you why
without Anishing n meal, the the classic story of Detective of right awny,
and cat and how he
would hurry down Putty MacVeigh
the remains or scoop them into solvei the case usually re
past - Jollinck's
a paper bag.
Thai Anished the case. structed easily enough; Start-
Deavinger had helper in a 'garage, Obviously the One morning in August 1933 ing us a two people died suddenly and he had managed to save enough Deen Jellinek leave part of his own business, and roll and had pupped the half- within a few minutes of each to buy his other in the nickel-in-the-slot bla garage had prospered until eaten bun into her mouth,
MacVeigh's Investigation un- tough ho restaurant at Broadway and the depression hit it.
When things
covered in additional trony. 104th Street,
borrowed $150 from a bank.
While sifting through
One,
old dame and when he couldn't meet the hodge-podge in Lili's room, д dowdy
ho one July
was he found six bankbooks which named Lillian Rosenfeld, keeled note
showed she had $45,000 slowed over in the restaurant's mez threatened with foreclosure.
nothing lo Figuring he had zanino,
other, the
The annual interest on hor middle-aged garage man named live for, he purchased $3 worth away in various banks.
found of powdered cyanide and then. nest egg was $1,200, or eight Harry
nickel, bought Umea
Ulic In the basement.
ferred to
BS "Hugger-Muggor
in the Automat."
a
Wad
recob
the
and
Jellinek,
was
amount Jellinek with his last that himself a poppyseed roll at needed to cave his garage and The coroner cortified both deals were caused by a the Automat. powerful dose of cyanide of Ho dug a hole in it, poured
-London Expran Béroles) the powder in, bit off as much potassium.
life.
1
+
L
1