0
"My dear chap, don't you realise we're out only for liberty- your liberty-to take more than your four whack of food, to get your petrol regardless of consequences -liberty to enjoy your profits without all this taxation - and, of course, liberty to make the workers do what they'ra dashed well Told."
THE HONGKONG · TELEGRAPH.
LIBERTY, BASE VARIETY
World Coparteat. By arrangement with Daily erat.
This is how
the People's Courts
get their confessions
LOW
21 days in a dark cell-'to ripen
by JOHN PREBBLE
NCE more a People's Court, this time in Hungary, has heard confessions
from
men tried for offences against the State, An Englishman, Edgar Sanders, and un American, Robert Vogeler, were among those who confessed.
Sanders was sent to prison for 13 years, Vogeler for 15 years.
For a great many people the Sanders trial was again an opportunity for speculating on
the great "confession mystery."
Was torture used? Were there "truth drugs" like sodium amythal, actedron?
There is no real rengon for mystery.
In his novel, "Darkness at Koestler Noon," Arthur described how a man can be persuaded not only to make a "confession" but to believo
it.
That was intelligent sur mise. We have harder evi- dence. The evidence of the Potkov case.
His old friend
• ON SEPTEMBER 23. 1947, Nikola Petkov, lender of the Bulgarian Agrarian Party and Parliamentary was hanged in Opposition, Sofia Central Prison.
overthrow the Communist Government.
His conviction on charges to of treason résted largely on the evidence given by his old friend and political as
But while
PETKOV
FACES HIS
COMMUNIST
JUDGES
SATURDAY, MARCH 11, 1950.
The new traps to wreck a marriage
W
By "A PSYCHOLOGIST”
Youngsters
THRIVE ON
AVO MILK
THEN two completely But what of the material normal people marry undertaking - "With all my wordly goois I thee endow"?, they should get on
These
post-war years of well together. There is no shortage have made this prom- good reason why their mar- Ice almost the gag-lue of 1949. See how the new traps ១. ringe should fail.
1949 can wreck a marriage.
The happy marriage
Lost pleasures
ASE
THREE:
Ethel looks years,
breaks down only when one or both of the partners be- have abnormally. That hap- Colder than her 20 pens either because of de- She shows too clearly the strain fects in their nature or be the In suffering in trying to cause of their living cir- keep her marriage from the
divorce court.
She sila
consulling In the And that is why the past room and tells her story: "We ten years, have brought so had a kiddy, as they advised un many new traps into the and I gave up my job. The
housing committee Rave path oľ young married
priority, and we have a flat of couples.
cumstances.
our own now.
Look once again at solemn words which the young
"We sit at home and listen to man with the wedding ring re- the noise upstairs. The couple peats to his bride: "... With in the top flat have three They cannot afford my body I thee worship, and children. with a ny worldly goods I carpets. I want to be cent thee endow..
hway convalescent for my nerves,
"The way we're going on he'll leave me and I wouldn't blame him."
Those are
two tremendous promises one spiritual. one material. But today's genera- tion of married couples knows CABEBOOK - NOTE: Ethel little of the iden of worship. went for a rest in the country.
Blame the
phoney-psycholo- But that was not the real reason
has for that. A new falo why the marriage Kists
been sychology
debauched has
myed. young people's minds. Psychn- I discovered that she had analysis has done great good, never talked frankly with her but its cheap Interpretation has husband about their mutual done greater harm.
problems. As soon as he com- plained of anything she began
cry.
The more she cried the more he became irritated. Soon Je Was bawling at her.. getting nowhere.
They came to sen me.
Ke was surprised at what she said, she was surpried at his reason- able attitude. My presence kept discussion to a sensible
False teaching
ASE ONE: Here is Frank,
Ca 29-ear-old rallent. He
lo
do not know what is wrong with him. He has been mar ried for nearly three years. He Seriously believes that the root of all art, beauty, goodness, and level. There was no bawling. affection are nothing more than "Just sex."
A social worker reported that
He believes that the new the noise upstairs was not ex- The troublo was mental science tells him that it ceptional.
She was BO wall or the is better to be promiscuous than Ethel's anxiety.
to be self-disciplined.
jumpy that every sound seemed louder to her than it was.
Iran allher on the table.
"Every three hours the new interrogators asked the
Frank is bewildered because questions, so that in the end he thought that the rules of the knew every question by heart." pseudo
Samc
After the first day Koev no longer felt hungry. But "the lack of sleep makes your head feel hollow, and then it starts mak- ing funny noises.
"The interrogators insist you repeat the same dates, the same names, the same hours, etc."
Cagged, bound
• ON THE FIFTH
day he
collapsed and was taken back
to his cell where he slept for 12 hours.
They are happy now because they are working together over psychologists would their home problems. bring him happiness. Instead, Any couple with mutual good he la unhappy in his marriage. will still beat.
WEY7
Professor Freud said: WO
stances.
probably owe the highest
achievements of our culture to energy which has been liberated by suppression of sexual haviour."
can
circum-
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Parker Pens
Finest at a
Money squabble medium
be- CAS
YASE
Mabel com- FOUR: plained: "He doesn't re
Frank has to leam afresh that nlise that with £0 10s coming the sex instinct must be used
to create something family,
a
a carcer, a work of art.
Too coddled
That night, at eleven o'clock,CASE TWO:
in, he can't expect to spend 30s.
week on cigarettes, £1 on drink, and still dress as smartly as he liked to."
only
CASEBOOK NOTE: Her husband was not selfish, Mary and John thoughtless. He came to sce married on New me and said: "My mother ran lie was taken upstairs again to a Year's Day, 1010. She is 20, the place for £2 10s, a week bigger room where he was told is 10. They looked a typical, before the war. My wife tella that his obsitracy made tougher normal young couple in love, me she can't run it now on £42
methods necessary,
wire
They were lucky to have a home
I brought his mother along. "I was put on the Roor.
own to go to after He listened to her as she tottei Myof their hands were tied behind my their wedding day.
up how much It would cost her back and I was gagged. Then
for about
two hours I WIS
But their married life, since to run the place as she did "in beaten on the feet with a thick has been one long bleker. They the old days." Then she said: have no money troubles, but "I don't know how Mabel does no longer. it-I certainly couldn't, manage happy they are
loday on £4,"
rubber whip."
.
This treatment was repeated Their marriage is heading for a four nights in succession. Then breakdown. Kocv was
WHY? thrown back in his cell and not disturbed until November i, at half-past ten in the gospel the evening when I was set free.
This case shows how wrong
15 the mother-in-law Joke. They have grown up under Slig is often the one person who of glamour. Like cap help a shaky marriage go most of their generation, they right--if she is asked.
Says Padev in comment: "The believe that the way to love is sne dates, the same hours, the through their senses. Game names, after days and Mary and John have confused nights of constant repetition, the sense of worship with the become so deeply impianted in sense of indulgence. They take, the victim's mind that their they do not give,
Both of them, these grown- "They first explain your guilt recital becomes automatic, and ihen nsk confessions
up, spolled children of just be "The victim-sooner or later, fore the war, are now leti too prove it.
It is simply a question of en-sensitive to be virile.
to
domestic
Couples with trouble need the help of an Im-
partial umpire a sympathetle doctor or the marriage guidance counsellor at the local clinic
I have found that marriage stands the best chance of suc- cess when the relatives of both families know each other well. he was in prison The methods to obtain the durance-starts repeating all Mary and John will not be The more he was elected a deputy to the confessions are mainly three: these dates, hours and names by happy until they realise that and parents to call on, the bet- olsters, brothers,
Assembly. He was physiological-hunger, thirst, himself, without any prompting you
cannot always have the ter the prospect of overcoming Rually released to take his beat lack of sleep; physical torture; but only in answer to a ques- glamour of the screen and the trouble when it turns up.
psychological-hints that your tios." Koev is no longer a free in Parliament.
family have been arrested, will is serving a He
be tortured, elc. sentence of 15 years, but in
sociate Peter Koev.
man.
National
'Utter collapse'
"For two days after my arrest his last moments of liberty. AFTER
HIS release, too was confined to a small dark he was able to explain how weak to
make an Immediate cell, and given no food what he was persuaded to make appearance, he wrote a letter ever." auch "confession" and to Pelkov which explained the be mystery of his seemingly-frank should
and spontaneous confessions,
&
J
Isolated
'Left to ripen'
Rebuked judge
⚫ THIS TREATMENT explains the words that usually describe the confession by men on trial- "He spoke in n low
voice, standing motionless with hands clasped....
• ON THE THIRD DAY,' he he was taken to an oflice, accused of sabotage, and that at his trial in Hungary last
In clear, Impassioned tones Pe koy read the Jetter to the wrote, National Assembly.
..
la truth
of
Re comfort the plush seats, latives including mother-in-
that Marriage demands
you law--can be good friends to the gladly face the roin together young married couples of 1949. when the lights go up.
London Express Service.
Wife-beating New College Problem
what worth placed upon it.
It is Interesting to recall also The story was told to
year Foreign Minister Laszlo ward the close of last year
shown confessions of other men. Rajk at one point rebuked the by Michael Padev, once a
the modern Joe "It described in simple lan- After that he was sent back judge for Interrupting the flow East
Michigan idea of what Lansing, prisoner with Petkov in a guage "how the interrogation to his cell and "left to ripen" of his "confession."
Today's college student is a re- College or Betty Co-ed must go at the Militia Prison was carried unquestioned for 21 days. To
latively Fascist concentration camp, ou, so that you may have a help him "ripes" he "was given Koey went to the Parliament beat up the wife, according to
carefree Individual through to get a diploma. A month after his release despite an occasional urge to a British journalist idea
One of the main functions now
of how confessions aro only a litle bread and water
Rabin's clinic Is to help married to the granddaugh- produced.
building, knowing that he would Dr Albert every day."
I. Rabin, Michigan of
students stumbling be re-arrested.
clamber ter of Lord Asquith and
State College psychologist.
over all
mental a slate of ulter
Lypes of "You reach
"On the 22nd day, u Satur-
He warned Oxford.
Bulgaria. He physical and moral collapse.
at eight o'clock in the said that the attack on him was State's
of Michigan hurdles. head day.
Rabin, taken for the
psychology clinie, "directed straight at credits
"Since our elinle opened in "You become completely in morning I was
boller economic
year," Rabin existed during January last IN HIS BOOK, "Dimitrov and fate, and you long only for without a break, wall cleven at our lender Nikola Petkov. the lean 30s with giving the sald, we have helped students will o'clock the following Thursday He knew that such a declara modern
solve problems ranging from Wastes No Bullets" (Eure and an end, any end which
lion meant-his re-arrest. "But," look on life.
Acute
Wilo- tutter- morning.
stage-fright to Spottiswoode, 5.), he gave an bring a reprieve from
beating," "The interrogation went on, he said, "I declare openly that account of the Petkov
ease. ing.
day and night, for -24 hours. the so-called confessions which Despite the comforts afforded
Just being away from home round the clock without a slop,. I am supposed to have given | by
a Latter purse, however, the interrogators themselves' months ngo In the Multia college life sull is not a bed of disturbs some students, be add- ed. Others are bothered by changed every three Prison, were not freely given. roses for the average student,
scholastic rivalry, competition Rabin pointed out. "If, after my arrest, some sort
for dat and failure to be
by He, or she, is stil plagued by accepted of confessions of mine nre pub-
fraternities lished they will not be mine, | such ancient academic thorns, sororities. nor will they be the result of as inability, to còncentrate, lack of internet in studies, and pur- my free will
"They will be extracted under)sult of the opposite ser. the most heavy, impossibie and unbearable conditions."
different towards your own life second interrognilon, It lasted the heart of the Agrarian Party situation than
His authorities were Bulgarian
official documents.
is how it was obtained.
The methods
To obtain evidenco against "BUT THE complete collapso being Petkov the Communists needed comes only at the moment hours." a statement from Koev, This when you realise that you are defenceless, that there is no
No sleep, no food law and no authority to protect arrested without you, and that you are in the DURING Koev was
ALL this time explanation. He was held hands of your interrogators for Koev tood up in the Utlo isolated from the outside world ́ever.
room, without sleep, wlibout for three months.
"This is exactly what they try food, "And what is worse, While in prison ho confessed to make you believo. right from without water? He was hand- cuffed, and was, not allowed to to taking part in a conspiracy the very beginning.
+
suen u
-London Express Service)
scholar a roster out-
or
Ho claimed
that nome co- eds, anxious to keep up with the latest clothing styles, spend
much Add to those pitfalls the more (89
ward- money: an recent problems of campus robes they don't buy enough to marriages and you get some cal
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