THE » HONGKONG TELEGRAPH," FRIDAY, JULY
1949.
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World Copyright. By arrangement with Evening Standard.
Britain's mechanical
brains romp through:
A Million Sums An Hour
B
By J. W. Taylor
brain is a development of the
RITAIN now has two struction were beyond the
working mechanical engineers of his day, brains the first do- The so-called mechanicar signed by a Birmingham email adding machine, now an man, Dr M. V. Wilkes, ind'spensable aid in most offices, Director of the Mathema- and of the punched-card on- tical Laboratory at Cam- paratus used in compiling statis- Įbridge University, and the second by Professor. F. C. Williams, of Manchester University.
tlesh
After the war mathematicians i cet about discovering how electronics could do the work of the purely mechanical procOS S The fleb, however, is not by of the computing machine. Dr any means new. It began in the Wilkes started on his apparatus laboratory of Charles Babbage a carly in 1947, and has just com«. hundred years ago. But he was plefed its final tests, He calls far ahead of his time, and at his machine the Edsac. though bin theories were mound onuugh, the technicalities of con-
THEY HAVE NOTHING TO
DO BUT DIE.
HAMBURG.
HEN one looks at Western Germany one is tempted to jot down the plus and minus quantities present and see how they balance.
The physical robustness of the Germun people, their In-
managerial and
ness:
an
Nobody need trouble them- selves with such arithmetic.
Germany is doorned.
A single factor must prevent it from becoming an ordered and unified and solvent state. That is the refugee problem.
That is the tragedy
of Germany's refugees
many.
by REBECCA WEST
Diapinced fugitives
There are
CHILDREN TOO
The flight goes on · over the border into the British zonu,
Intellectual de
-
.
HE
ERE the mathematical prob- lem is reduced to stages of simplo arithmetic, and the opera- tor, not the machine, decides on the actual method of solution. This done, the machine can take over any sort of calculation, the method being evolved on "or- ders.
by a miracle kept up the high These figures, in the form of quality which was the Sudeten punched holes in a tape, are fed trade-mark in Czechoslovakia, into a tape-machine similar to they are now working short news transmitters. This trans- time and are Anding it Intes the figures into electrica) dimcult to buy their raw Impulses rather like the wireless materials.
operator translating - words into the sounds of the Morse code,
to
・
Tho machine proceedis it must be answer as accurately as a slide PHE tragle and, THE
rule; and for more rapidly. Dr feared, hopeless struggle
of these refugers is typical of Wilkies' Edsac can do one million
what the best are enduring.
mulitplications an hour, but it
If wou want to see what is as to be told what to do and, when to stop. It is not in itselt a happening at the opposite end brain-without human guidance of the scale go into a transit. it would be as mathematically camp, where the people who impotent as a two-year-old. slip over the Eastern Zone frontier arc received and classified for transmission to the permanent camps.
There are over 2,000 of them,
not
pro-
TC-
dustry, their ingenuity; the frontiers and she was not go for you to do but die, and they hoggish extravagance of their ing to increase their number. know that you, and everybody
Edsac, however, has a employer But that was not the end else in the world, are thinking
gious memory where it stores classes, the submission of the of it. The Potsdam-Conference-just that about them, and
the answers to cach stage-of-a poor to hunger and homeless-
also moved the Polish adminis nothing elsc. Except when
calculation. The the toughness of
Ögures. their
tration so for West that it took the words, "As soon as pos- trade unionists and their old
living in Nissen huts, which pre
presented by electrical pulses, containing nine sible," come into the mind.
were put up without Insula are translated into super-sonia and poorish and Prince-Con- territory
o millon Germans, of these Most of them live in discom-
tion, so that they are loy
sound and are kept in perpetual ristoracy, the only two tortish
large number anti-Nazi elements driven out or fled
were either fort for they had not even tho
winter and stifling in summer motion through a GIL thoroughly
tube of into Ger- advantage of being the in the country; a crazily in-
They sleep 70 or so, in dor-
mercury, which can be topped of exile. The Dis- pioneers efficient agricultural system,
mitory huts. They smell, but
and information extracted re- placed Persons were there
that is
their fault. For industrial system brillant with
And still that was not the first, the renmants of the sinve
* | transmitted into pulses and reason, Ger- some mysterious gen'us; their polliicut feckless- end of it.
Agures. labour Imported by the Nazis ness
many, though Its teashops are and the aid, material
during the war, who refuse to
full of cream cakes and its fat spiritual, which they have re- For the expellees who had go back to Communist-do-
ration is bigger than ours, Lɛ/ ceived from the Allies; their been put into the Soviet Zone minated countries. manifest unreadiness to handle dislike its maladministration so about a millon of these left,
short of comp.
TN a matter of minutes it carr IN Many of the offelals who "My people," says the wise do the sort of involved mum.. the administrative responsibili- much, the lack of food and and) first come, they were first look after the refugees are sea captain who is superin-humans take hours to solve. D ties which the Allies are pre-elvil order that there is a con- served, so far as housing was kindly and cultivated men and ter of tho comp
tendent
and will be of great assistance in maturely giving back to them, tinual drift
over the border
women, themselves
refugees, learned his English at sea, "pre pure research in atomic-physles How does that sum work out?
into the British and American concerned.
But they can do little against bloody ars. But you must and acro-dynamics-for instance, Zonca And in this drift have There are exceptions to this these material conditions, and not blame them,"
In estimating the blast from Joined a number of native Ger- rule. Lest I suffer for it in the the accompanying danger of Truc
Two of the high-explosives, enough, mans. And quite a number of next world. I must mention, moral and
three girls 1
I spoke to told me Foles. And quite a number of five thousand
Visitors of Dr Wilkes are; White Russian terioration.
not blame Hes, and I could Persons, chiefly Czechs.
them. When your only, asset however, reminded by him?. "I from Yugoslavia, who
you want to discuss the analogy It is impossible to give at lead an orderly
In a hard story, and you
Juck
between machine and the
my and strangely curate figures of this invasion, sweet-tempered existence in an
are surrounded by people who
human brain, you'll have to have just as poignant. Some count it as high as 12 old air station near Munich, COME
And a havo fought nobly as yours, you start to compete If the basic principles of it hap Nobody counts it as though almost
doctor, not an engineer. milión less than six. And the popula- has its steady stream dripping story of the
every cubicle
against that threat. The You learn, If tion of two Zones
Sudelen refugees weak, to be a liar. You learn pen to be similar to those in the is only 42
from the ceiling:"
from Czechoslovakia gives them other things
as well. Every brain, then it is more coincidence Lost Week-end of million
which new repute
may few days the police come than anything else." Some of the refugees, chießs well wipe out the old. diplomacy, the Potsdam
round and with the superin- Professor Williams-systerre Conference it
mothern and children, aro. agreed-
tendent wearily search -the possesses a "memory", lodged In that all groups of German
the great houses They were pushed out into
for the sacks, full of does not have to wait to be told camp origin in Poland, Czecho- QUT the situation is in parts of the rich, and this is usually Bavaria, cach
it could carry, and were allowed ing camps have missed, and it when working out a cra
with what he poultry which the neighbour what to do by an operator Slovakia and Hungary should D
good worse than this suggests. not For be expelled from their home-
geographical reasons a sounds.
to selle among the ruins of to and what you seek is good By the use of electronle londs and sent back to Germany, number of refugees come out
the blitzed and Few of us would like to be munition factories
dismantled luck, they are lucky. of the Russian Zone
and air- down dumped
hundred This was
and an immoral
of fields to be found in the re- Schleswig-Holstein.
Here the miles away from our homes in moter country districts. silly agreement. It lumped the native population
numbers
****a chilly medieval castle bur- by a moat in the rounded
Various true that some fugees number though it was
managed about 1,200,000.
managera heart of dense forests, per- to find their old of these
groups, notably
purely agricultural
haps ter miles from Germans in the Sudeten Moun- district, with
the and with the assistance of fly- no industry. It
nearest town, with district of Czechoslovakia, has already 180,000 unemploy financial resources but a tiny rubble and bullt
no ing squads cleared tain had precipitated the
There is no work war cd.
for The
home-made factories. by responding to Hitler's pro- refugees, they sit in camps and dole. paganda, it was also
that live true
on
doles, while the large numbers of people In Government of Schleswig- these groups had been bitterly Holstein drifts towards bank- anti-Hitler and strictly loyal ruptcy. to their countries.
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(THE MOST UP-TO-DATE THEATRE ON THE MAINLAND) THOROUGHLY AIR-CONDITIONED
the
This is
Into
nearly
03
as
a
that
#
stories
are you
*
It
with a delay action, it is able to
vast store
quantity of informa ..tion which automatically takes
Its proper place in the calcuin tion.
His machine has been devised and constructed to undertake
the Germans employees. We have told these
are people away the their responsibility, and we are wide variety of complex calcula
to
do. The
strange new seeing that they keep them.
For the most part they lack tons which would take humans, any feeling of kinship with beings, using ordinary methods, A typical achievement was them. Here and there an in- possibly months
German or a small machine takes only an hour or the digging out of a thousand dividual
with iso. endowed of cable, yards
buried deep
genius takes by the hand tion to furnish the electrial the refugees in their midst and
them with humanity: equipment of a glove factory. treats
THE
THE human controller has to These people did the blue but this is not unnaturally ex- decide how the machine 'can printa for their
For the rest, the perform the desired calculation, machineo, ceptional.
HOSE are the luckier ones. under the earth at an air stu-munit
Hero atid elsewhere they
The run of the mill is to have an appalling effect on the be thought of as living in The expulsion of these vital statistics of Germany; Army hutments. groups elso caused in same which are frightful enough. It cases economic harm to the is tho sober truth that for countries which expelled them every 100- German mRNA be-
30
The war was quite a time forged and cast the metal Germans look on them as a and draws up a list of "instruc- ago now. So the roots leak, work, and did their own tur- Anancial burden with disturb- tions" for it to obey, Ho for exceeding any political tween the ages of 20 and the roads between them are nery and after 18 months went ing political implications.
breaks up the complex calcula good it could do them. In Po- there are 172 women, and for pitted with holes and assured into production.
In that they are perfectly fian
tions into a series of simple basic and some of the old-establish- every 100 men between. the
with ruts, and the lamutes can ed German families. were ages of 30 and 40 there are 154 get no repairing material.
It is sald
at become from numbers into a specified that some thou- same opportunities good farmers notably
sands of factories were found- voters as other people, and code. textile manufacturers and opera- This lack of balance is being
The cement doors of the kit- ed in this way, making glass- many are already on the cles- For instance, the operation of
and women
right. The refugees have the operations and translates these
tives, and in Czechoslovakia Increased by the refugees who chens and canteens split and waro, costume jewellery, loya toral registers. They have subtracting a number from en- they formed the backbone of the are now escaping from the splinter. Tho inmates catch and musical instruments. But thrown up two political other is coded No. 29. The list Eastern Zone. For the Russians their heels in the cracks while these were all semi-luxuries, lenders, Egon Hermann and of "instructions" is fed into the famous glass industry,
take care that very few young they are carrying food and and it has been hard to sell Father Goebel, both of marked machine, and the initial numbers This agreement provided for people who can work escape, drink. They get sick of can- them since the shortage of rabble-rouser type. the dumping of six and a half and let
the frontler teen food and find it dear; they
purchasing million people back in Ger- chiefly the children and old. cook in their rooms, but their show itself in
Of these many,
the Soviet
stoves wea out and they are autumn. Zone WAS to take two and
short of fuel; they eat cold stuff. three-quarter millions, leaving
and hate its monotony.
across
power began to
And of course
on which it is to (In code) I am not saying that the Germany last Germans do not deserve this operate are then loaded into i
special position. and many other forms of Fed with all the information, trouble. I am saying that this the machine puts its "memory" It is mag- particular form of trouble for the British and American IT is the old people who are
niscent, but it is not trade. must provent them from being into operation. The final result Zones three, and three-quarter the most terrible to see in here are always eight or Such homespun production can self-supporting, and that this brings on a red light and stops million expellees The French the camps
ten persons in a room," often not make cheaply enough for should be taken into account the machine. It is then read off Zong refused to take any, on They sit thero thinking two families. Through the export particularly with the in our future polley. towards the monitor cathode-ray tube to the not at all unreasonable "There is nothing for me to do thin partitions they can hear mark as over-valged
as our Germany.
the form of light dots which are · ground that she had too many but dle": and you look at them all that their neighbours are financial experts have had it.
translated into figures by the Germans adjoining her and think, "Yes, there is nothing saying and doing..
So though these factories have --(London. Express Service), | operator.
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I WANT MY
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SEE THE
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TODAY:
I DIDN'T SEE HIM
bif
INSECT SPRAY
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When there's bif Ineedn't use my fast!
SURE KILLE
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