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VOL. III NO. 303
Protection Offered
By Peiping Consul
23, The
Peiping, Dec. British Consul hero is laying plans for the protection of Danish, Norwegian and Swedish interests in this area, Associated Press learned day.
to-
British Consul Martin Buxton, In a public notice has invited all na- ilonals of the three countries to register their names and addresses with him.
The American Consulate, mean- while, announced that 44 Americans have been stranded, in the Com- munist controlled areas surrounding Polplog. They are stranded of their own choice. All hnd the chance of coming into Pelping when the Reds were approaching the city but chose to slay where they were.
Forty-two of them are in the Teinghau and Yenching universities
outskirts
In the northwestern
the city.
PEIPING ISOLATED
of
For the Proprietor of
HONGKONG TELEGRAPHI For and on behalf of every SOUTH CHINA MORNING POST, LITÉ,
U
he
Printer and Publisher
The
Today's weather: Moderate or freak. East wind. Cloudy with patches of drizzle, chiefly during the night and early morning,
„Noon Observations: Barometele pressure, 1017.3 mbs, 30.04 in.
·Temperature, 68.3 dor. F. Dew volni, 64 der. F. ...Relative humidity, 9L Wind dirvelion, East. Wind force, 10 knols.
"High"waters Kft, z ́in. at 610 pau
Low
* ft. 4
hongkong Telegraph.
THURSDAY, DECEMBER 23, 1948.
Seven Japanese War Leaders
CHRISTMAS HOLIDAYS
Owing to the Christmas' holidays, there will be ne publication of the Hongkong Telegraph on Christmas Day (Saturday). Publication will resume on Monday, Dacem- bér 27.
The South China Morning Post will appear on Christ- mas Day, but there will be no issues of the paper on Sunday or Monday. Publica- tion will resume next Tues- day.
Tomorrow (Friday) the Telegraph will produce its usual Saturday magazine features, and the size of the paper will be 14 pages.
The remaining two are at Tung No Information
hsien, a little walled town 12 miles
east of Peiping. Both belong to the American Mission board.
Isoinled
Pelping
today engles
»
week without electric lights. With In the past 24 hours running water has been shut off, the Reds having captured the waterworks in
the
northeastern suburbs of the city. Luckily there
are many
artesian
On Madame
Chiang's Plans
Washington, Dec. 22. Tho wells here. Salo of water, from these man-operated wells has be-Acting Secretary of State, Mr come a thriving business.
Authorities have ordered House to
Robert Lovett, told a news con- everyference today that he had no Information regarding Madame Chiang Kai-slick's plans.
to display a fighted lamp at the front door during hours of dark- ness because the power from Tien- Isin which kept the streetlights going has been cut
Apart from light skirmishing at one or two points along the Peiping front all has been quiet in the past 24 hours: The night, passed without the boom of n single gun being heard in the city.
Chinese sources said Madame Chiang had remained at the Lees- burg one of the Secretary of State and Mrs Marshall, where the Is staying during her visit.
In answer to other questions, Mr Lovett said the situation in China About 25 educational leaders and State Department had very
He said the wis still confused. their families left Peiping Tuesday information on China's military "de-
board special planes sent here from velopments beyond what was Nanking. Included
Doctor ported in the press. were
He described Met Yl-chl, President of the National
the United Stales policy toward Tsinbau University.
China as unchanged since his last news conference-United Press.
AIRFIELD READY
The craft took off from the new Pole ground field overlooking the legatlon quarter. The new airfield
being-built-in-the-grounds --Found Dead On
Temple of Heaven is expected to be rendy on
In- Thursday.
re-
the price of-food-con- Roof Of Carriage-
tinued to soar ns most farin lands which normally supply the city are
+
Rugby,
was found dead on the roof of
a
Executed
TOJO GOES ΤΟ
HIS DEATH
Hangings Performed In Secrecy
Tokyo, Dec. 22,-General Hideki Tojo, wartime Premier of Japan, and six other Japanese leaders, condemned to death for war crimes, were hanged today. The mon executed were:
General Tojo: Who harboured hate for Britain and America, and became Japanese Prime Minister in October, 1941, two months before Japan attacked Pearl Harbour. The Tribunal found that
he bore the responsibility for Japan's criminal
attacks on her neighbours.
Koki Hirota: Aged 70, found guilty of con spiracy to wage aggressive war and crimes against peace, and responsibility for atrocities.
Iwane Mataui: Aged 70, in command of Central China at the "Rape of Nanking," in 1937, found guilty .of responsibility for atrocities.
Kenji Doihara: Aged 65, member of the Japanese Supreme War Council, 1940-43, and commander of the Japanese Seventh Army at Singapore in 1944-45; feared in Manchuria, where he was an important mili tary figure during the nineteenthirties the arch- agent-provocateur; found guilty of crimes against peace and ordering atrocities against prisoners of war and civilians.
as
Heitaro Kimura: Aged 60, Commander-in-Chief of the Japanese Army in Burma in 1944: guilty of war crimes and atrocities.
the
Seishiro Itagaki: Aged 63, who took over Seventh Area Army in Singapore in 1945, guilty.of erimes against peace, and responsibility for atrocities.
Akira Muto: Aged 56, Chief of Staff to General Yamashita (already executed, for war crimes) in the Philippines.
The official witnesses were Mr.
Dine-
At the
For
P.G.
Reservations
Prico 20 Cents
Tol: 27880
Action By
Dutch
No Papers Next Sunday Condemned
For Britons.
London, Dec. 22.—The leading Sunday newspapers will not be published Christraas, week-end beacuse of a dispute between the proprietors and the printers,
Thla means that most rraders will be without newspapers for three days
dayc as it had already been agreed that nons shall appose on Christmas Day or Boxing Day, *
It will be the first time for over 28 years that the Sunday press has, failed to appear.
The Scottish papers--and the Scottish edition of London news, papers are not so far affected
The Newspaper Proprietors' Association announced the decision < today
meeting the Printingand Kindred
Trades Federation, which represents all workers fa newspaper offleck,
"In view of the refus: of members of the National Society of Operative Printers and Assistants in a number of London Sunday newspaper offices to work Christmas Day on terms accepted by all other newspaper workers the Sunday pipers cannot be published in London and Manchester on December 20," the anouncement said.-- Reuter.
Tremendous Fires On Outskirt Of Tientsin
ARSENAL
VILLAGE BLOWN UP By Leon Gerstenzang, Router's Correspondent)
-Tientsin, Dec. 23.-From. Tientsin's. taller buildings last night tremendous fires were visible to the north about four miles from the centre of the city. This was the first indication the destruction of the civil war had entered the wall-less gates of Tientsin, for the flames were consuming Tientsin's east arsenal village
I dashed towards the conflagration but enroúto met retreating Chinese refugees and among them ono foreigner, a Soviet citizen, the owner of a dairy farm. Jacobs Prejensky, aged 65, told me | Peiping from the Glucis Airport with that for three days he had been trying one engine faulty, Janded here and to proceed to his farm located along- took the opportunity to tour the city side the arsenal village, where he with the American Consul General, possessed about 60 milch cows be- Mr Robert L. Smyth. sides enives and poultry.
Permission and the necessary docu- ments were only made available on Wednesday and he drove out along -the asphalt road leading to the
arsenal.
treated.
·
The party expects to leave. Tientsin today after repairs to the plane Reuter.
"SHANGHAI'S DEFENCESTM
Shanghai, Dec. 23. The construc-
committee to ton of the city's-defences will start shortly, it was learned today. A fake charge of the mander, General Chen
Ta-ching, has been formed.
Possible Threat
To World Peace
Paris, Dec. 22-The United Slates today called the Dutch attack on Indonesia as possible threat to world peace and asked the United Nations Security Council to order an immediate ceasefire and the Dutch troops to withdraw to end the "dan- gerous" situation.
The United States delegate, Dr. Philip Jessup, said the Dutch attack was unjustified. Dr Jessup Baid the ceasefire ordered by the Security Council on August 1, 1947, continued to be binding on both parties and it had been violated by the re- cent armed action taken by the Netherlands authorities in In- donesia.
Brushing asido Dutch arguments about Republican truce violations. Dr Jessup said the Dutch
should have reported alleged violations to the Council beforo renouncing the truce agreement. Ha sald truce omelals in Java were given only one hour's notice of the Impending Dutch assault.
"The Republican authorities at Bafavla were handed a similar letter during the same night, when they could not communicate witty their capital, and they were arrested less than two hours inter."
SECOND PEARL HARBOUR
The Indonesian spokesman, Mr L N. Pilar, called the Dutch attack a "second Pearl Harbour." He sald The war would go on for years un Jess it was halted now and ho asked for a ceasefire, Dutch withdrawal and release of arrested Republican leaders.
Chere is a
In
on war going Indonesin that will last for years - unless it is stopped at once," said Mr Pilar.
He charged that the so-called in- Altrations, which the Dutch asserted as one of the "excuses" for their attack, were merely soldiers deserting the Republican-Army-to reurn to their families in Dutch- held
territory. This, he said, was
Patrick Shaw, the British Common-set for the first hangings,, four of looted, while the adjacent village. Twenty minutes before the time He found the farm wrecked and now bounding on Red held territory patrick of Maxwell Town, Dumfries, Council; Mr Willam Sebald,
Dec. 22,-William Kirk- | wealth representative on the Allied the condemned men were 'escorted by covering un area of two miles, ap- vork, headed by the Garrison Com. bling aw the future of the Nether- Enterprising taxi drivers Are
theguards from Individual cells to the peared fo have been similarly substituting for streetcar services in
American member of the Council;Buddhist chapel.
Shang some localities because of the power carriage of the Euston to Glasgow Colonet
Chen (China), COMPLETE SECRECY express at Rugby last night. -cut-off.
Lieutenant. General Derevyanko
FARM ON FIRE. No appeal had been filed on Tojo's (Russia), a doctor and prison nu- behalf. The Supreme Court thorities.
Fires were starting in the village, The condemned men were hanged considered appeals on behalf of the and he went into the fields searching 1a 1wo groups-Dolhara, Matsui, former Premier, Koki Hirota, who for his cattle. He found 18 lead, helped work out Japan's pre-Pear but time was running short owing Tojo and Mute, in the first and Harbour war plans, and of General to the curfew, and he decided to
sentenced to be hanged.
In son localilles
some
the price of No ticket was found on the body kerosene jumped to an unprecedented and it is thought that Kirkpatrick high of 650 yuan (about US$10) a boarded the train before it left Lon- gallon, much too expensive to allow don intending to travel home and the poorer classes anything except when the travelling ticket collector
roof of the carriage.-Reuter.
had
limited use of this fuel for their approached he climbed out to the Itugaldi. Hirota and Kimura. In the Ken Dojhara, both of whom were resume, his search on Thursday.
lamps.-Associated Press.
EDITORIAL
Politics In Schools
HIS Excellenes the Governor has
recently
made two very pointed references to the teaching of Communistic Ideology Hongkong schools, and they are certainly not out of place. It has been an unhappy feature of too many Chinéso schools for
studies. The children are denied the freedom of adults of being able to both avold or ignore these deliberate attempts ut. In
Solitical Indoctrination. For them it i "made an' Integral part of their education, and because of this la dangerous and must be stopped. Within the amended Education Ordinance before Legislative Council yesterday there appeared which is expressly Asection designed to slamp out polsonous influence from Colony's schools. The
years past to mix political doctrines with academic studies, The
Communists are not the only ones who, have, and still continue, to explot is insidious form of propaganda. There is no TOOM for it, in Hongkong. While the Colony has always been willing to permit freedom of speech and publication embracing a variety of political creeds, it is asking too much that It w should countenance prostitution of the proper functions of educational
institutions by -political pro- pagandists. The ordinary. acadèmlo`curricula provide quite enough studies to keep students fully occupied wilbbut distracting them with biased poiltical theorica that may, in the long run, be Intended to encourage young people to indulge in Anti- Government activities to the detriment of public security. In permiling political organisations to operate within well resognised and accepted limits, Government is following one of the principles of democracy. But do far as these Bcilities это concerned, the general public retain the right to accepi, reject, hred or Ignora the various proparanda.
which
emanate from those organisations. 'It is a different proposition when the same ideas are forced into the minds of schoolchildren AE part of their
ordinary dally
Πο
this the Governor In Council is to be empowered to deregister schools and teachers where be is satisfied that the conditions under which those Institutions and their staffs båve been registered are being violated." Obylously great care will have to be taken 'in the exercise of that power. There must be suggestion of victimization 'or suppression of the ordinary liberiles Br the conducting schools. It ta
presumed that where evidence ta forthcoming of polliical propaganda sludies being Included in a curriculum the offending school and teachers whil first bo warned of the conséquences of continuing the offence, and that the special howoa vested in the Governor
of
it
will be employed only when has been shown that a school and He staff refuse to abide by the regulations. There will bo general support for the basio proposition that political pro.... pagands in schools should be forbidden, but there should be no Interference - with studien 'in political selende and . economy where these are pursued through afandard text books,
second.
They died with black hoods over their heads. As they walked into the execution chamber. Tojo was identified by wlinesses, then turned and walked up the 13 steps to the gallows platform where he ogniu turned to face the witnesses.
in
SWIFT EXECUTIONS
General
Keltaro Kimura, and
of war
extraterritoriality days, sembled No Man's Land,
No Information hitherto has been ige." available where these defences 'will) he erected and what they will com- prise of. Reuter,
social problem, not a military or political one.
He claimed the Dutch were "gam- landa In Indonesia, gambling away her own economic and political well- being and her International pres- BASIS OF STRUGGLE "It has never been our intention that our military command employ COMMUNIST CLAIMS a frontal defence. The basis of our struggle is and always has been all- Shanghul, Dec. 22-The Com-out guerilla warfare, which will be munist radio, summarising the curried out until we liave achieved Returning, he discovered his farm results of the North Kiangsu cam-
our final goal. The policy of scorch- Lieutenant General Akira Muto, on. Are and the village completely polgu from November 7 to Destm- ed earth, which will be pursued with both sentenced to death, also fled enveloped by the confingrution. The additional appeals, and American east arsenal itself, where, French ber 10, sald today that the Govern all its latter consequences, is another were, billetied during pre-ment lost 400,000 troops. The radio. This warfare can and will be carried radio aspect of this guerilla warfare. lawyers had appealed for several of troops the accused. sentenced to terms
"decisivo re-claimed a
victory"
in the one-years." imprisoftment.
Hsuchbw-Pangpu section and saki If a Soviet resolution is offered, that the
Nanking regime will coun The entire area was mined and full. It said the Nationalists Had would probably brand the Dutch
attack as a threat to pence confusion reigned amidst the few lost three Army groups, 14 armies oly remaining villagers,
even call for. sanctions while aring and a mechanised column,
n
It Bald against the Netherlands Govern- from rifles and automatic weapons that two other army groups under ment, according to wrces in u was audible slightly southward."
„General Tu Yu-ming. have been position to know the Russian atti- It was reported that the
too munists have restored the railway surrounded and are being wiped tude. This Is expected to be
(Continued on Pare 5) out.-United Press. Tongshan to Hanku, from northward of Tangku, ·
Although no evidence of actual fighting is yet visible inside Tientsin. Chinese reports declared that in the castern suburbs the Communists in havo at- the Tenchuang region tacked Nationalist positions along the Halho River.
NATIONALISTS WITHDRAW
The attack was repulsed but thereafter the Nationalists were res ported to have withdrawn within the protection dam. It was under. stood that hitherto no Red force
по
Com-
Just
The executions were swift. With- The news of the, hangings reached 80 seconds after entering the the radio station here it minutes lale war criminal was death_chanfber, Tolo and the other after the condemned had been executed.
pronounced dead by the
prison Dpihara
declarai. Wils
dead physician. hair minutes after seven and a
The American Army's secrecy on The midnight, Tolo 10-1/2 minutes, Muto the hangings was complete,
and Matsui 13 Orst word that the executions had 11-1/2 minutes, Iminutes after midnight.
been carried out came from General The condemned men went to their Douglas MacArthur's Ifvadquarters, deaths in the same unemotional way Watchers outside the prison saw as they hart, heard the sentences no indication that Tojo had gone to passed by the Internationat Tri- the gallows. Nearly one and a half bunal.
hours after the executions, They walked to the gallows with-information had been given as to OUL assistance, some qutelly re-who witnessed the hangings. peating Buddhist
A few hours before Tojo died, his prayers. They were notified of the hour of their wife's last letter to htm was execution at one minute past mid-published. Mrs Tojo said she was night (GMT) on Tuesday when they pleased to hear her husband was in were taken into the Prison such a mental condition that he did Chaplain's Office two at a tline.
After hearing that their final plea not care whether he remained longer
in the world. to the United States Supreme Court No matter how hard timed would was concentrated around Tientsin, in had failed and that the sentences be, Mrs Tojo said she would remem-appreciable numbers. were to be carried out each of the ber how happy they had been. accused asked for an hour alone with the Buddhist priest, Hanayama. TOJO'S REQUEST
►
and
7 Killed In Rush For Gold
Bar Forms On S'hai's Bund
Shanghai, Dec. 23.-At least seven persons were crushed to death and an unascertained number injured, more or less seriously, when an estimated·· 30,000 people rushed before the Central Bank of Ching on the Bund the waterfront on which the largest banks and firms are located for the application forms which would low holders to buy gold bara at the official price of GY$1,000 per ounce plus a year-long deposit of a similar amount The Communist concentrations.
with the government, bank. necording to Chinese
sources, In- vicinity of clude 30.000 In the
fa .6 p.m. Ignoring the 11 p.m.
The Central Bank announced that Yangtsun, about 29 kilometres from curfew, huge crowds began to ap- there will be no sales unili order, is villages along the costern suburb. Tientsin, five regiments in some pear as carly as 0 p.m. to line up restored
in front of the Bank ofico. By mid-
The mad rush for gold wns A traveller arriving on foot from night the crowd became so big that Tangku confirmed that Chinese war the police were unable to control prompted by the sparing blackmarket ships have arrived there but denied In addition to the crowds, some that Chinese, Marines have landed. ... · Developing engine trouble, an
for curfew and the stampede for the have to pay the application American military plane innded at entrance began long before the bank forms. However, they can sell the
Race Course
opened at 9am. The people who forms for at least OY$1,000 or Hanayama held Buddhist services Witnesses at the execution arrived Tientsin's emergency
The arrived first were boon "squeezed | mom" premium.." The purchaser can In a specially, constructed cell block nt the prison 10 minutes before plane, came from Peiping, where against the wall and crushed. The thus buy gold at the official price
£
owner, that Nobukalsu
PRIEST CONFINED A vague indication that the execu- tions might be. carried out tonight Only one request was made to the was given when an American Army priest. Tojo asked to be · ́sorved Japanese food instead
.cafe Japanese of normal pastry cook told American Army rations on his halos Buddhist best, was eng day. His request was granted.
heid in close candement after In their last hours, the condemned visiting the seven condemned men. men wrote letters to their
wives It was
was not known whether. Ianaya and their families and made flier own forowells to each other.
witnessed the exccution.
shrine.
ma
airport yesterday afternoon.
which
"
this morning was.
WHA
coming by trucks arrived after theichen 650 per ounce. Buyers do not
midnight (local time) o
nad left at picked up the United States Military police battled their way into the and make a huge profit immediately. None of the condemned made any 10 am. watchers outside Sugamo Attache, General Soule, the Naval midat of the crowdy removing the attempt to commit, suicide. "At no Prison reported.
from Injured persons.
time during their incarceration did No other traffic entered or left Attache. Captain Frankel,
Nanking, and four American cor-
"There were the first casualties "in the... gold rush in Shanghal. In It way fonrod that many other Hangchow, Hankow and numerous This group had a narrow escape adend, or injured, were still in the other cities, several persons ween fow days ago when they landed at thick crowd and could not be known to have boen crushed, to Helping's south Neld, which came rescued until the police succeeded death. In the mad, ruah-United under.......... artillery. fire. They left in dispersing the mob,
any of them comunit any acts of the prison between those holers, in-respondents, violence," an official stalement dieating that the bodies had not yet from the Office of the Supreme Com beon taken to the crematorium. mander of the Allied Powers, re- One hour and 40 minutes after the ported.
(Continued on Page 5).
,,-,,--,,:-!!
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