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FIRST EPISODE
•
THRILLS
WITH THE KING OF ANIMAL TRAINERSI
Braving jungle parlia
Ing adventures
the death-dealing batmant Amoz-
battling
Beatty fights unknown perils in
a land of torrorl
when Clyde.
THE HONGKONG TELEGRAPH, TUESDAY, OCTOBER 12, 1948.
Third Instalment:
MRS OKSANA KASENKINA'S OWN STORY
W
THEN my husband, Demynt, was warned by the friendly chairman of the local Sovlet to leave town, there was no place for us to go. He was holed ns the dreaded before the Cheka,
then known, sub- secret polico wa jected to a rigorous interrogation und made to All out an exhaustive ques- tionnaire, but was allowed to go.
Clyde BEATTY DARKEST AFRICA
with
MANUEL KING
REPUBLIC'S
SHOWING
TO-DAY
AND THE COLE BROS.
· BEATTY CIRCUS
This became part of the pattern of our fe in the years to come. Not only Demyan, but many teachers, professional people and former mer chants-the so-called bourgcols elements--were subjected to periodic interrogatious or arrests. Whenever there was a change of the commissar, and that happened often, there would bu a fresh wave of Red lerror. prosecution of Demyan would be renewed. After a hard day at school, often on a half-empty stomach. he would sometimes come home with the disturbing announcement:
Today, the former Russian school teacher who. jumped to freedom from the window of the Russian Consulate in New York continues her account of the persecution of her husband under the Soviet dictatorship. She relates the story of how Com- muniem came to the schools, how the teachers were terrorised, how they were mobilised into shoch brigades to conduct propaganda favouring collectivization of the farms, and how the vaga- bond children overran the country. Her story was told from her hospital bed in New York to Isaac Don Levine, who prepared it for publication.
were
The such as his. "A Confession,"
Certain taken out of circulation. writings of the great Ukrainian poet, Shevchenko, for instance, at one timo suffered a similar fate,
"They called me again. I must report tonight. Will there ever be an end to this questioning?"
only to be restored to official favour when the policy changed.
In
A
forced to pursue. During the first decade of Soviet rule, the IUCH- tlonal system was based on the so- called "complex" method. It was a trolesque distortion of the progres- sive idea of relating schooling to modern life, but under Russian con- ditions it was putting the cart before the hosee. Marks and examinallons were regarded as capitallal inven- tions.
In
On
We teachers were ordered. Into shock brigades and mobilised to conduct propaganda in the villages in favour of collegilvisation. paper this was to be accomplished by persuasion and education, on a voluntary basis. But the peasants just could not see the benefits of surrendering their strips of land and the produce of their own tall to state-managed farms run by Com- munist commissars.
the teaching of bolany, for instance, I had to experiment with food
plants
and flowers, with
I remember how sullen they were medicinal herbs and agricultural when we addressed them in the pests, so as to enable the students villages. We had been given explicit to carry the useful knowledge out instructions to carry out. Our as- side the school, to help thels parents signments were watched over by and the community. In theory, this party officials. Yet when we painted might be useful in a highly dove to the peasants the made-to-order loped civiliantion. In practice, under picture of the glowing future, in the primitive Russian way of life, it which mechanised agriculture would was a spree for the children and on yield plenty for all, the peasants` ordeal for the teachers.
were more than sceptical.
Crops Hidden
By the time my husband graduated from the Lugonak Institute in 1931- was introduced, and if one was for-
I got my diploma one year inter-the tunate enough to have a coupon for "complex" method had been con THE more you work, the more three yards of material or for
signed to the scrap heap by Stalin's
you produce," one of them pound of sugar in a Fovernment orders. Discipline was restored in spoke up to me, so don't hand us store, the purchaser would be forced the schoolroom. Instead of serving that fable! The tillers of the soil to buy some other item which was all the subjects in one educational just would not believe that there usually unwanted, but of which there tow, we returned to the
time were any short cuts to the abundant was a surplus in the store. In this honoured system of teaching basic life. manner we had to spend extra money subjects separately. Stalin's new from our meagre cornings on such Comminaar of Education for Soviet The government seon had to resort articles as gramophone records when Russla, Bubnov, had come from the to violence. The secret police, rein- had no gramophone, or lamp- Red Army, where he had established forced by special military units, shades when we had no need
was put in charge of grain collection, of the propaganda and educational net- them.
works.
as the peasants hid their crops. The Soviet government, sorely in need
wo
The life of a Soviet tencher those days was doubly trying, for we had to go through a course of The iden of out political re-training, Through the years he filed secres of interminable questionnaires, freedom in education was dumped had ench
one almed at catching the overboard. Instead, wo teachers suspect in some discrepancy or nuts- dinned into our cars Lenin's slogan, take as compared with his previous "The school apart from life, apart Having once been marked, from politles, is a lie, a hypocrisy." answers. on a former commissioned onleer we teachers were taught that, ac- during World War 1 In the Czarist cording to Lenin, there is no such army, Demyan
n perennial P
Independent education, quarry for the inquisitors of the thing as Cheka, which was later renamed the That the school system had before stitute, a teachers' college In Czarist improved upon it and made it our
been a tool of capitalism and wan now to be converted into a tool of Communism.
GPU, and then the NKVD.
The fact that my father was n working man, whose mechanical sicil was highly valued, stood us in good stend. My husband's erstwhile pro- tector, however, the chairman of the Soviet, was removed from his post for his humaneness. Soviet oMeinis, to keep their jobs and to rise, have to he ruthless. Whenever one
of
At the same time, with the arrival of planning, the era of pandemonlun in the schools was ended. My hus- band and I, together with nil other teachers, had to go through another period of retraining. This time we were enrolled in the Lugansk In- days, where we took special courses for four years. These courses, with the exception of our attendance for two months in the summor and for periodic oral examination, were con- ducted by correspondence. Although husband was an Instructor, in physics and mathematics and I in natural selence, our political TC- education in harmony with Stalin's policies was compulsory.
my
Check on Teachers
COMMUNIST Party inspectors would unexpectedly appear in the classrooms to check the teacher's the propaganda line. ndherence to There was the case of Popova, our fourth grade history teacher, who,
An Inspec- parent in the outside
which
The Kolkhoz CTALIN, however, did nat abandon Lenin's maxim that Education under the Soviets is a weapon in the hands of the Soviet state. Stallo watchword that knowledge of the hws governing the proletarian TC- volution, the victory of Communism, must be regarded as a compulsory branch of science.
of export goods to buy s
abroad, thus denuded the side of its produce.
While flam- boyant, postord in schools and on the streets proclaimed the approach- Ing victory of socialism, the struggle for bread was once more felt in every home.
A new tide of terror began to grip the land, threatening, the existence of every hard-working farmer, le- family of my father- cluding the In-law, Nikita Kasenkin,
All this went hand in hand with the Five-Year Plan which, in turn, was linked with the drive to de- prive the peasants of their private holdings
and to force them into the
(Tomorrow: The terrible results kalkhoz-collectivo farms--system. of the collectiviation programme, wide-awake The vast majority of the peasants famine, the food parcels from sister democracies passively, and some actively, resisted Eugenia which were confiscated and
Soviet teachers were priatlon and regimentation.
Kasenkinas by telephone.)
(Copyright 1948 by ucthy Features Syndicate, Inc. Reproduction in whole or in part strictly prohibited).
and The teacher
them displays consideration for his the presence of such anoicon's will be interested in the methods the Communist campaign of expro- Eugenia's attempt to locate
fellow men, he does not last long!
Terror in Schools
1021-22.
in
for. Iniled to explain
invasion of Russia according to the The new Leninist interpretation. Inspector flew out of the room and exploded to the director:
of
TN the schools, tou, where
my husband and I were tenching. the Communist terror was rearing its ugly head.
He in- Here the young Com- "Huh, what a lesson!" munists of the Komentol terrorised stituted an immediate investigation the tenchers. Our work then was into her origin and background. aggravated by the bezprizorny chil- and found that she was the dough- dren--the orphaned waifs left in the ter of a priest. "Well, that explains wake of the devastating famine of everything," he exclaimed. "What can one expect from the daughter It was during this period that the of a priest. She must be a counter- great masses of the Russian people revolutionary!" Arst came to know something about
The slightest deviation from the Americn and her non-political
(American plan late down by the ruling Com- generosity, The ARA Relief Administration, headed by munist Party meant an inquisitorial Herbert Hoover) was distributing scrutiny by the secret pollce food to the millions of starving all the past and pedigree of the in- over the country. Occasionally we structor. The official teaching pre too, received bags of American flour, called for our tying although our district did not ex- thing, from botany perience in full tre horrors of the with the class struggle. The heresy holocaust which afflicted the Volga hunt started many a person on the or execution. A provinces most of all. Yet I recall road to
exilo
near relative who how we were all affected when a teacher with young teacher in a neighbouring had before the Soviet revolution village was found dead from starva- been politically active in tion.
Communist-be it even socialist or democratie-parties, was subject to Although unremitting persecution. we avoided oll outside political activities, my husband and I were
The revolution, the civil war, the epidemics, and then the famine had successively produced their crops of bezprizorny. These vagabond chil- dren became a national problem, and the bane of the teachers' lives. In nge they mostly ranged from seven to 10. They were constantly on the move, food, begging. meal foraging for fling when rounded up by the authorities, they would usually run away. Dressed in rogs, ridden with disease, these wild, almost animal-ilke derelicts de moralined the normal children,
to
never sure of tomorrow,
to
up overy-
non-
Violent Change VIOLENT change came into our lives following the rise of Stalin
supreme
we
BLUE-EYED GRANDMOTHER TALKS ABOUT HER ABDICATION PLAY
'Ex-King would
like it'
NEW YORK.
THE 72-year-old American grand- mother who wrote the play "Ablication" said: "If I could have five minutes with the chief character I could make him like it.”
the
Bils στι the to make
Now
crowds
the have ho travels
• Britain's representa- The King enters, tivo in Elro, Lord throne then steps down Rugby, and Eire. way for his brother.
But all is not over. Government Ministers went to Dublin's Galoty ex-King ands the
como lo stare, though Thoatro recently for unattended and by night. He is the first performance tormented that he may have falled And he is very sad. of Abdication--a play in his duly. about a king who left
I asked Mrs Lowe-Porter why his throno for the she wrote the play, woman ha loved.
• In New York, the play's authoress tolls "Why I wrote it."
She was telling me in her Manhattan flat why she wrote the play.
"It was
written with a great
said love for England,'
the five- foot authoress,
Mrs H. T. Lowe- from EVELYN WEBBER Porter, of Pennsylvania. "He would see that."
"I was in England in 1936," she said "I studled politics and I saw British n war coming even then. dynastic troubles on the eve of a. great war were just made to order for a chronicle play. I started it in 1937."
lived ot Mrs Lowe-Porter hus Oxford much of-her-Ho-from 1008.
Her I shortly before the war. American husband read paleology hath no ambition: life,
(the in his there. Her three daughters duchess and his children we shall oldest 38) were born and, brought have a sweet unhoped reversion to up in Oxford. our lute king and his good queen.""
"Producers are already nibbling,”
The King is reminded by the Grandmother of seven,
sho
twisted
In the Dublin production the characters are unnamed. Mrs Lowe-Porter hopes to present
it on Broadway next season.
'I CANNOT BEAR IT'
tt
In
power in 1928-the the first Five-Year launching of Plan, and the drive to collectivise
she told me. "A London informant woman he loves of what he would imperturbable, with vivid blue eyea
"It is an Empire the like of and long grey hair the peasantry with fire and iron tells me It may be possible to put lose. It was as if a second revolution had it on with names in America. The which no other bestrideth on this plaits on top of her head.
thy Empire." struck us all. Only distant rum- British Government, according to round globe. And its There were many family tragedies blings of the struggle for power in my informant, say they will raise.
The Empire and the Empire and ROMANCE? NO caused by the bezprizorny inducing the Kremlin between Stalin
ando objection beyond filing a formal the Empire," he storms. " bestride
There had been a fire next door not. It bestrideth me. In thy other youngsters to join their ranks. Trotsky and other factions, atterole of protest."
I called at her Manhattan when sweet company I would speak lighter Often, when a boy was punished by
riverside fat. Firemen swarmed thoughts." his parents or had some difficulty in the death of Lenin, reached us. school, he would join a band of
Thou wilt not keep thy Empire all over the building. But dressed The era of the NEP-Lenin's New
In a blue jersey ankle-length loung- to wear?" she asks. "Then gypsy children and sometimes vanish Economic Policy-was abruptly
"Abdication" is a chronicle play for me
ing suit, Mrs Lowe-Porter was un- for good. There were girls among ended by Stalin. We had regarded written in 17th century prose and when thou comest plain man to me
ཐ
disturbed. As we talked, the radio the walls, too, and vice reached our lat
willst have thy decision. I as hard and oppressive lank verse. It has Elizabethan thou
dance
she music. Gally new high.
during that period, but we were sets and costumes,
would not have a weeping husband. played An thou come to me merry. If not twiddled her thumbs. soon to look back upon it as th years of relative safety and case.
The play opens with the death of then mayst live a bachelor king all
"For 20 years I've been the the King of an island, A pro- thy days."
The King goes to his mother and authorised English translator for In the twenties, there had been clamation is ready to name the new considerable
recovery from the King, his son. During the reading at a family meeting announces his Thomas Mann," she said.. to the nearby Slavyansk health re-
ravages of the revolution. Houses the now King cries, "I cannot bear decision to abdicate, sort, to while away time at
were put in repair, farm stock was
it. In that same path old men park famous
salt for its
Jakes. replenished, and the limited private While my bay was playing, he was
trade permitted under the NEP filluark out for me: my days filled up I would tow by a tattered and ed the markets with goods. Even with tedious ceremony.
take a wife," grimy bezpricorny urchin. I gazed if new clothes were scarce, the up just in time save my child second-hand peddlers had a variety from being led off by the wait. A of garments for sale.. mother had to guard her offspring against their being corralled by the be:prizory.
Authors Banned
NE day, with a books under my arm, I went with my 1e Oleg
ONE
laken in
the
On
Ke tells the court the Indy Is
and walts already wed
the severance of a bond which for the second time she seeks to break.
owned My mother
two Singer sewing machines. one of which was a hand machino, and for years our There is pandemonium. Meetings entiro family was clothed by re- are held in streets. modelling old clothes. A man's suit or topcoat would be converted into
J.
.
PRINCESSES TALK
"I still have the job working at for Advanced Princeton's Insitute Study.
་་
The Queen exhorts him to remem-
"No, it wasn't the romance that Privy ber his father, while the
write Abdication. I've. Councillor-spirited and progressive made me and expecting a war-advices: "The studied chronicle plays and I like general gender love you. All's not writing in 17th century English.
"I did the best I could for the lost. Go to the country in thy pre- rogative us King. Say not thou characters, of course, but the his- wed a woman but thou torical importance of the events at- wouldst wouldst save a realm for happier tracted mo most. Thirty-four actors have speaking parts, and the years." But it does no good.
Later, palace nurses are heard dis- piny, doesn't tako sides.”
From
The licence of the early years of the Soviet regime was stimulated
to one where by the sudden ban on all religious
The King goes instruction. The school became an boy's suit, then Into a skirt or townnen speak with strong Welsh cussing the probable pattern of the
Min Lowe-Porter is planning a to the throne. Two quilt or adjunct of the Communist propa- Jacket, then into part of
nereats. Discussions are held be- succession
young Princesses tall visit to Dublin zoon. She hopes her ganda
be running. of bedspread. Every piece of cloth was machine. The first duty
tween an Archbishop and the Prime sprightly
of their infant cousin a boy. play will still used over teacher was to act as a revolu-
and over again until it Minister. tionary' agitator. Even works of completely disintegrated.
The Prime Minister says: "There The King's Ministers and the Arch- there she will go to London to stay each other, with one of her daughters, Mrs famous authers which had a moral
of Clifton Hull, St With the coming of Stalin's
can be no other course. The suc-bishop congratulate tho theme were proscribed from
planned industrialisation campaign, Ibraries. The religious and philo the acute scarelties in everyday goods cession should fall upon the next "Once more our nation to herself is P. M. Smeds,
This prince is of blameless true.". SPECIAL TIMES: | sophical works of Leo Tolstoy, were upon us again. Rigid rationing i heir. AT 2.15, 4.45,
LIGHTNING FAST ACTION
MAJESTIC
DRAMA
7.15 & 9.45 P.M.
NANCY
Babe in the Woods
John's Wood.
By Ernie Bushmiller
NOW WHERE CAN
THAT TOWEL BE ?
HEAD FIRST FOR BEAUTY!
AMBER IS COMING TO
THE SCREEN!
DARRYL F ZANUCK
FOREVER AMBER
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