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Hongkong Telegraph.
THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 30, 1948.
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Monty BLOCKADE CALLED ILLEGAL Briton
Given Big Job
Paris, Sept. 29-Field Mar- shal Viscount Montgomery. Chief of the Imperial General Staff, has been selected Chair- man of the Permanent Military Defence Committeo set up by Britain, Frnace, Belgium, Hol- land and Luxembourg, after the two-day meeting of the five Defenco Ministers in Paris this week, it was learned authorita- tively here tonight.
The Defence Ministers made good progress in preparing the ground for an extension of the Western Brussels De- Defence Pact to an "Atlantic"
fence Pact on similar lines, it was understood.
Such an Atlantic defence arrange- unent would embrace the United States and Canada as well as the live Brussels Pact nations.
It was thought in Paris that the Defence formation of an Atlantic
Union would be proposed by the United States Government to Con- Kress san
Presidential after the elections in November.
A French general is to be Com- mander-in-Chief of the Land Forces
of the Western Union, it was also learned. An offelal announcement is expected some time next week.
USEFUL TALKS
The two-day military discussions marked a substantial concrete step forward in the co-ordination DI military defence between the five Western countries.
Useful
talks
between British, American and French leaders took place on the subject of an Atlantie
Britain's Part
In Air Lift
London, Sept. 20. Thr number of British commercial craft participating in the "blr- gest air charter operation of its kind" as part of the Berlin alr- Hit will be increased by almost percent In the next ftw daya, the Brkish European Airways announced today.
The total fleet. which will then consist of 41 planes, can again be doubled by the out
October. of
if necessary, ac- cording to BEA, which
or-
ganised the civil supplement to the main Royal Air Force and United States Air Force opera- tions.
The only comparable Irit
aircraft by commercial that organised by the British Overseas Airways Corporation for Indian and Paktılan fugees last autumn-Reuter.
was
re-
STARTLING
EVIDENCE
Star Witness Rebuts Prosocution Case
Siam, Sept. 29.-The prosecu- tion's own star witness against three men charged in the alleged assassination of King Ananda Mahidol testified today he did not believe the King was assas
Defence Pact for the past two days. Usually well informed observers here believed tonight that as soon as an Atlantic Defence Union had been created, this would in tum set a Permanent Military Commit→ tee headed, no doubt, by an Anieri-sinated. · can military leader,
פון
The witness was Rear
mission which King's den.h.
Admiral
Com- the
investigated
An Atlantic Defence Union means, Sorayudh, a member of the In practice, a solid military alliance between the United States, Canada, Britain, France, and the Benelux countries,
abouts are unknown.
coup
AND COERCIVE
Strong Allied Protest
To United
SOVIET
FOR
Nations
RESPONSIBILITY SITUATION
BERLIN
Paris, Sept. 29.-—Britain, France and the United States this afternoon sent joint notes to the United Nations accusing Russia of creating a situation in Berlin which threatens "international peace and security" and asking for the "Big Four" dispute to be placed before the Security Council.
The note, sent to Mr Trygve Lie, Secretary-General of the UN further accused the Soviet Government of "attempting by illegal and coercive measures to secure political objectives (in Berlin) to which it is not entitled, and which it could not achieve by peaceful means,
its
conduct illegal and status
The notes by the three Western Powers declared: "The attitude and of the Soviet Government reveal sharply its purpose to continue coercive blockade and its unlawful actions designed to reduce the United States, the United Kingdom and France as Occupying Powers in Berlin to one of complete subordination to Soviet rule.
of the
The British text of the note stated: "I have the honour, on behalf of His Majesty's Government in the United Kingdom, in agreement with, the Governments of the United States of America and the French Republic, to draw your attention to the serious situa- tion which has arisen as the result of the unilateral imposition by the Government of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republies of restrictions on transport and communications between the Western Zones of Occupation in Germany and Berlin.
at
Quite apart from the fact that it is in conflict with the rights of His Majesty's Government in the United Kingdom, the Government of the United States of America and the Government of France, with regard to the occupation and administration for the regulation of the currency of Berlin, this action by the Soslet for Berlin. Government is contrary to
The Issue Is that Its obligations under Article 11. of the Charter of the United Nations and creates a threat to the pence within the meaning of Chapter Vill of the Charter.
the
Government has clearly shown Soviet
by
peace and security.
Nightclubs
To Close
Manila, Sept. 30.-More than 200 nightclubs, bars, dancing schools and billiard and bowling halls in pro- hibited areas of Manila will be closed at midnight to- night under the terms of the Presidential executive order. unless Malacanan Palace listens favourably to appeals for extension from interested parties,
Establishments
marked
for closure pre nightclubs, dancing schools, billiard and bowling halls within 1,000 metres of public buildings, plazas, churches,
schools and hospitals. Bars within 200 metres of these places also will be closed.
New amusement centres mushroomed in the libera- tion days, but the Gover- ment apparently 'believes they no longer are necessary.
United Press.
Germans Escape From Russians
Acquitted On Spying Charges
Jerusalem, Sopt. 29.-An Israeli district court today Acquitted William Hawkins, 37, a British subject, of spying and conspiracy charges bút delayed judgment until October 8 in the case of Fro- derick Sylvester, 31, of Bri. tain, similarly charged.
Both were former officials of the Jerusalem Electric Corporation. Hawkins was charged with collect- ing Information about Israeli troops for the Arabs and with conspiracy with Sylvester to spy.
and
Sylvester was additionally charged with
artillery spotting for the Arabs with possession and operation of an unlicensed radio transmitter.
Hawkins was returned to guol for the night and will be released on Thursday. The police would not comment as to whether he will be escorted for his own safety Into Arab lines,
Both Hawkins and Sylvester broke into broad smiles when Judge Benjamin Levy read the verdict of the court.
NEVER DOUBTED VERDICT Hawkins sald inter "I am in- nocent and' never doubted this court would so judge. My friend Sylvester here is just as innocent as I, and I will be seeing him soon in Eng- land,"
Hawkins said he planned "soon as possible" to join his wife in Leicester.
British Vice-Consul John Shering- Berlin, Sept. 29.
ham, who attended the 10-day trial Berlin 1$ an observer, said Hawkins is police said on Wednesday about likely to leave for Britain from
The delay in Sylvester's case was
The issue between the Soviet "The
Soviet Government add the Western
Government Oc- thereby taken upon itself sole reato forced labour -in
has 25 Germans allegedly consigned Halfa without going through Armb cupying Powers is therefore not ponsibilty for creating a situation,
Russian territory that of technical diffleuities in com-
· Judgé Levy sala Hawkins was ac- In which further
mines in cuitted immediately munications,
recourse to the operated uranium
bocause the nor that of reaching means of settlement prescribed in Saxony made a daring escape Attorney-General failed: to submit an agreement upon
the conditions Article 33 of
United Nations is not, in existing
the Charter of the on Tuesday night.
sumetent evidence to support the two The prisoners made their, dash for charges against him. clrcumstances, possible, and which freedom while the train in which constitutes a threat to international they were riding passed through the caused by the necessity for longer its actions that it is attempting by
British sector of Berlin, the police study of the other charges and the illegal and coercive measures in dis-
snld.
fact that tho, court adjourns during regard of its obligations to secure peace and security may not be fur-
that international Full details
Year of the escape, were the week-long Jewish New not disclosed. A British spokesman political objectives to which it is not her endangered, the
celebration. Governments entitled and which it
said the Germans who flea are in could not of the United achieve by peaceful means.
States, the United the custody of West Berlin Police Kingdom and France, L
therefore, and are being interrogated. resorted to blockade while reserving to themselves full measures, it has threatened the rights to take such measures as may
starvation, be Berlin population
with
necessary to maintain in these disease and economic run. It has circumstances their position in and attempted Berlin, find themselves sbtired to the overthrow
las
מניי
order
Valarachai Chiseddhivel plotted 10 Government that the three Govern- tolerated disorders elected muni- refer the action of the Soviet Gov- by the British,
He caused consternation in the Its realisation would fulfil the prosecution staff by testifying that demand for the concrete military the assassina lon rumours were
of States spread by political foes commitment of the United
Prid which has been put forward fled Siam after the military
then Premier. Pridi Phantomyon, -France, Belgium and Helland ever last November. His presen: where-
#ince the five-power Brussels Fact
"It is clear from the The Admiral
protracted was first established.-Reuter,
tes.fed he was sure Pridi had exchange of notes and the conver nothing to do with the King's death. sations which have taken place on that the initiative of the three Govern- The
charges prosecution Pridi hls. Secretary. Lieutenant ments between them and the Soviet
and
ments, conscious of their obligation kill the King.
The prosecution charges Valara- under the Charter to settle their dis to ove
putes by peaceful means, have made cipal government of Berlin. chat shot the King in his paine, two
every effort to resolve their differ- "The altitude and conduct of the years ago and left the pistol to
directly
with make it look like suicide. Vajarachal Government.
the Soviet Soviet Government
reveal sharply its purpose
ose to continue its illegal
His fled Siam with Pridi.
"Coples of the
and coercive blockade and its relevant The three
that request on trial
Council consider servants of the King's household,ments are submitted separately. In lawful actions designed to reduce Security
particular,
this attention
is drawn to the status of the United States, the question at the earliest opportunity." accused of working with Pridi and Vajarachal.-Associated Press.
the summary of the situation, which United Kingdom and the Republic The British is contained in the notes of 11ls of France to Soviet rule, and thus Sir Alexander Cadogan,
Note was signed by Majesty's Government and the to obtain absolute authority over permanent delegate the Untied Governments of the United States the economic, political and social Nations. of America and the French Repub-life of the people of Berlin, and to lic dated September 28-27 as fol-incorporate the elly in the Soviet separately, lows:
Zone.
DIAMONDS TO GO UP FOR AUCTION Singapore, Sept. 20,-Diamonds, which are part of £125,000 worth contraband seized here on Sunday, will be sold by public auction, it was nanounced today.
Local nuthorities said the gem were smuggled in by an employee of the Royal Dutch Airlines and are now government property. As sociated Press.
EDITORIAL
men
Russia's Responsibility
THROWING of the Berlin Issue into the lap of the United Nations Security Council appears to have been the signal for the responsible spokesmen of tho Western powers to give to the opinions on Russia, her world. actions and her policles
les hitherio velled behind the discreet tones diplomatie phraseology Mir Bevin pulled no punches and M. Spaak, the Belgian
Forciz
Minister, obviously spoke for the western continental countries when he told the United Nations Assembly that the keynote of Soviet polloy was to fastli fear Into the European nations. The speeched to the Assembly reveal that democratic opinion about Nucsia has crystallised and that the Western powers are animous in the necenity of convincing the Kremlin and the rest of the world that while they are willing to make sacrifices for universal peace, it must be peace honour. Point to the
with soildarlly of the Western nations is given by the Abbosucement that the
fiye
European countries...
that and
Britain, France, Holland, Belgium and Luxemberg-have agreed on a common del
defence programme, featured by a permanent inter- national
and the command standardisation of arms, equip. ment and training programmes. This, and the revelation the United States, Britain France were not bluffing when would they warned Stalin ther take the Berlin issue to the United Nations unless he Was call off the, blockade, prepared should satisfy the Soviets that the democracies are serious In their determination
realst further Itutalan asxression, what- ever its nature. There signs you that, the Kremlin2 will
10
were
that
back down on the Berlin dispute, but the reported assertioni the Soviets do not intend to walk out of the United Nations de- serves to be taken as a sign that they are not prepared to gnaw to extremes international bones
today
Three
meniks
of contention. It remains as true
as it was 150, that, to ́especially, single
the Ruslans power control of Berlin is insufficient a resson for war; and
Alo even
larger Issues Russia's penetration of anatern and southeastern Europe, the activities of the Cominform, and the Soviet's refusal to work In barmony with other members of the United Nations-do not Into
on
merit plunging the world the horrors of an slomio foray. Many of the overi and covert acts Inspired by the Kremlin Jeaders can be ranked as deplor- able and be labelled as inimical to peace, but the allusion can yet be remedied by conciliation and reasonable conecasions the part of Russia.
Russia capable of compromise? If her record in the Security Counell and her dealings in international diplomacy over the pact two years represent the criterion, the prospects are depressing. Yet is highly doubtful whether the Soviets have
down for themselves an Iminutable, foreign pallor Before the war. It was largely opportunistic and
there
the
that
is reason to bellevo, that Kremlin is still pursuing form. The best hope at the opinion moment, is that world oan shanie her into a change of disposition and awaken
her to the necerally
of moderating the policies which have largely been the anuse of estranging her from the West, and of bringing to the
world the threat of another ward-
ences
Failure
docu-
un-
ernment
to the Security Council of the United Nationa
"Accordingly, Government
but were
worded. Reuter.
Of The Berlin Talks
the
Marshal The report added that Sekolovsky refused to admit this, maintaining that the Commission's functiona should bo limited to questions
non-discrimination
Another charge against Sylvester, 22 Ben Yehuda street bombing. is complicity in planning the February
predicted that it will be dismissed still pending but defence lawyers without trial-Associated Press.
Split. In Berlin Administration
Australian Labour Party Reverses Old Policy
British authorities also are inves- tigating the case, and it was in dicated a statement may be released. FLEE THROUGH STATION German police sources, confirmed sald 52 Germans were bound for the uranium mines aboard a train which halted near the Zoological Garden in the British Berlin, Sept. 29.-The split in the Majesty's Sector. About half
them Berlin City Administration may be succeeded in breaking
when away and completed tomorrow
pro- fleeing through the station. Although Soviet political leaders are to meet railroad pollee closed off the area in the City Hall in the Russian sector none was reported recaptured. to discuss an emergency. "winter
alleged presumably
conscripts were programme" drafted by the Com- earoute from
Socialist points munist-dominated west of Berlin .in the Soviet zone Party.
Unity The three notes were handed in to mines near the Saxony-Czechi All members of the City As-
identically border.
sembly, and district councillors and There have been reports recently trade union leaders have been in- In western licensed German news-vited to the conference by Herr papers that labour drafts for the Ottomar Geschke, Socialist Unity uranium mines have been increased Party politician and Deputy Chair- by the Russians. Anti-Communists man of the City Assembly, but Paris, Sept. 20,-- The
also have claimed persons eleven Zorin, Soviet Deputy Foreign Minis-
are under Western leaders expected to documents
"In essence we have accompanying today's ter, at the opening of the Moscow according to our interpretation of
contended, political persecution, especially So- boycott the meeting British Note disclosed the text of talks on July 30,
cialists,
have been sent to the the directive, that the Finance Com- mines in increasing numbers. the joint report sent on September
Dr Ott Suhr, the Social Democratle 4. The oral statement made
Thou to mission shoukl control the activities sands of Germans, men and women,
Chairman of the City Assembly, by the British, United States and Generalissimo Stalin on August 2 of the German Bank of Emission in have been working the mines for Geschke's action in issuing the in- has protested strongly against Herr French
Military Governors in by the United States Germany to their governments on Mr Walter Bedell Smith on behalf rency and its subsequent circulation Press,
ambassador, regard to the conversion of the cur- the past three years.-Associated vitations in his capacity as Deputy the failure of the Berlin talks with of the three Western envoys at their in Berlin."
Chairman-Reutor, Marshal
Vass!!! Sokolovsky,
the first interview at the Kremlin. Russian Military Governor
In 5. The directive sent by the tour Germany.
governments to the Military Gover This
report shows that the chief nors in Berlin on August 30. stumbling block of the Berlin talks G. The Military Governors' report
Russia's apparent determination of September 7. Impose restrictions on air traffic The Akie Memoire left with against holders of Western marks, to Berlin
Western Germany. Mr Molotov by the three Western equal ereilt facilities for all sectors
Canberra, Sept. 29.-The Australian Labour Party to- The report said:
"Marshal Sokolovsky presented a clarification
envoys on September 14 secking of Berlin, trade between Berlin
day gave its support to the Commonwealth sending mon Iause dealing with air
of the directivo of and Western Germany, and provi and arms outside Australia for the defence of the Common- which
in August 30,
sion of currency for budgetary pur- he stipu
wealth, thus reversing a 32-years old policy of opposition. stipulated that the regula- 8. The Russian reply of Septem-roses and occupation costs. adopted tions council in Augus, the controlling ber 18 to this Alde Memotre
Delegates at the triennial confer-arma privately manufactured. bo 9. The British Note to Russia of The Governors further reported ence of the party called for a polley The decisions of the conference strictly observed. 1945, shall
September
Aber 22 declaring that
"fur-deadlock over trade between Berlin of realism. They "completely en- did hot conflict with its former re-" These regulations laid down the ther discussions on the present basis and Westom Germany
owing to doracd the Commonwealth's netion affirmation of opposition to air corridors leading to Berlin to be would be useless."
.on Pussion insistence used by the aircraft of the Occupy-
exclunve in sending arms to Malaya and their pulsory military training. Any forco 10. The Russian reply to this Pursian Ing Powers and made no distine.fon British Note.
responsibility for trade resolution was regarded as a man- raised for the use beyond Australla agreements anki Import-export date for troops to be sent anywhere would be ca a voluntary basis. between military and other air 11. The British Note to Russla licénces.
Colonel Longfield Lloyd, for Commonwealth defence.
Director trafic.
the
The conference's view was that of the Australian Security Service, September 27 saying that The report added: "By his inter-f
The Governors said: "Wo can
Australia was bound to go to the will visit Britain to study, security pretation of these regulations civil air dispute must now go to the Security
Council.
sum up the overall position by defence of Now Zealand and Pacific
methods, trafile to Berlin would be prohibited.
it was announced hero The September 7 report of the reporting that after some days of possessions, including the Manus
today. On this point we have informed Military Governors recounting little progress Marshal Sokolovsky naval base and such strategic Allied
The visit was, officially described that we are unable to discuss Marshal Sokolovsky's attitude on air has given ground. on most of the bases as Gundalcanal.
hero as a reciprocal visit for that the imposition of restrictions on air
subsidiary issues as well an making
Australian obligallons to the Unit of Sir Percy Silltoo, Director at the traffle since none existed in March," traffic restrictions, also said:
ed Nations had also to be honoured. British War Office with special rood and rail traille a reasonable proposal in regard to "As regards The documents showing the at-
the delegates said.
duties. fempts of the Western Powers to his proposals, although they do not road and rall traffle.
The conferenco directed tho re-
Sir Percy Stoo went 10 Berlin completely restore the position as seck a solution
ihe
"There remain three main points royal from the Labour Party plat- Australia, It was believed here, for it existed before March, are probably of disagreement, namely: dispute by negotiation, are:
have Agreed to
form of the prohibition against the 1. The British Noto of July 6. to acceptable. We
the Communist consultation on 1. The function of the Finance the Russian Government drawing study them carefully.
With regard Commissions and *in
except by approval
on problem in connection with defence for service attention to "the extremely sorious 10 inland water traille his
particular its MD, of forCEF
secrets.. the Commonweal h; International
While in altuation"
Britain, Colonel Lloyd The Governors reported also that Emission. about by the Soviet blockade of the
promise of will investigate the methods of Western Sectors of Berlin. disagreement over the functions of 2. The Russian reply to Britain the four-power Finance Commis- of July 14.
BRUCE [ston;. originally proposed by 3. The Alde Memoiro left by, the Generallimo Stalin himself, was duce restrictions on air transport. throo Western envoys with BLE. V. "of over-riding importance."
was
10
from
of
trame
of
brought | are less clear and less sally relations to the Gerihan Bank of outside
7. Tho Soviet Insistence on Soviet control of the trade of Berlin 8. The Soviet proposal to intro
(Continued on Pare 5)
or
the
com
Motion, in any futuro oversetta "scrocning", inlgrants, He will also
war, de
study tho spécial measures :ncoded rat introduced in 1810, was Umited Family on tervist to "Australia The ban on the export of arms, for the protection of the Royal by the conference to the export of next spring-Router.