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VOL. III NO. 214
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FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 10, 1948.
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RUSSIANS FIRE ON DEMONSTRATING
British Plane Flies Faster Than Sound
British
London, Sept. 9.—-A experimental jet niriruft. n De Haviland 108, has flown faster than. sound, according to the Ministry of Supply announce- mont
tonight. The achieved was not disclosed, but it whe believed to be around 700 miles per hour.
The official announcement
U.S. Will Stand FirmSA
Washington, Sept. 9.- President Truman today proclaimed America's doter- mination to "stand up for our rights" in Berlin,
The President claimed that the Russians were in-
dulging in "attempted durcss' but insisted that "we are not negotiating under duress.**
Mr Truman began his on the press conference speed
Berlin crisis by giving his unqualified backing to the Secretary of
State, Mr George Marshall's assertion yesterday that the current developments in the Ger- mon capital should be "firmly resisted."*
said: In the course of recent high-speed on The De development trials Havilland 108 research aircraft, an apparent mach number In excess of one has been recorded."
(1
A
The plot was Mr Jolin Derry, A mach number-named for the late Mr Ernest Mach of ylennais means of expressing speed in re- lation to the, velocity of sound.
the mach number of indicates speed of sound, 700 miles an hour at sen level, decreasing with militude in 660 miles per hour at 40,000 feet.
Thus this in the first British oft- a piloted aircraft cial claim that
has broken through the sonic bar- rier. Since the altitude at which the fight was made was not disclosed tonight. the actual speed of fight was unknown, but it was believed by one expert that the flight was
nude at a high altitude,
TAILLESS MONOPLANE
The aircraft is a tailless mono- plane with swept-back wings powered by a - Da Havilland
"Goblin" jet-engine.
The world speed record is now 050.789 milea
hour per
but
on
September 5, Major Richard John-
of the United States Air Force, claimed to have achieved 689 mph
son, of the
A
in a fully-armex
fighter. jet
official tlining
cameras
dici
The not
obtain sumclent records. to gain an official
for this fight. mcial rating
for The United States Secretary Air, Mr W. Stuart Symington, toid Washington press conference on June 10 that a United States Air
13
Force research plane
nuch faster tlinn the sound, many times" He
any information about attained.
flown speed
of refused the speeds
The DH 108 is a small taillet
central plane with onc
pure-jet engine and the appearance of a bat. I!
Was bullt specially for problems of research
connected with the De Havilland Flying Wing, a 40-seater Jet-airliner being constructed in the utmost secrecy.
"We are still standing up for our rights in Berlin," the President said in a firm voice. "We
are doing everything we can by negotiation.
"We will not negotiate under duress: We are not negotiating under, duress and
will wo
continue negotiating, always hoping that we can get peace.— Reuter.
BERLIN CROWD
One Boy Killed: Soviet Flag Torn Down
RUSSIAN SOLDIERS STONED
a
Berlin, Sept. 9.-Ten Russian soldiers fired tommyguns into crowd of some 300,000 anti-Communist demonstrators in the. British sector today, killing a German boy.
They fired an estimated 60 shots after German demonstrators had stoned Soviet soldiers who drove into the British sector to relieve the guard of the Russian war memorial near the Reichstag building, scene of the demonstration.
A 15-year-old boy was killed and at least seven other Germans wounded. Ken- neth Ames; United Press staff correspondent who was at the scene, saw three personis wounded.
The boy was Wolfgang Schumann, one of two German youths who rip- ped the Russian flat from the top of a pole near the Relchstag.
He
was hit in the stomach and dled at Elizabeth Hospital.
formed
A
of the incident by the The Soviet-licensed news agency,' United Preas, said: "I am astonished ADN, sald one Soviet sector German was killed and several to hear the news of this Russian policeman
net. You can judge what my reac-others injured by stones. This re-
in port could not be confirmed. tions would be if it happened
Hospital officials quoted most of the American sector. If the Russian
as saying they were soldiers fired on the crowd inside the wounded Colonel Frank Howley, American the British sector, it was a viola-hot by Soviet sector gunmen as the commander in Berlin, when in- tion of the hospitality granted them latter fred from Inside the Soviet
by the British to enter their rec sector. tor."
Communists Fail In
TUC Elections
Margate, Sept. 9.—British
Communists
failed in
action to reduce
HUGE MASS MEETING
Otto Suhr, President of the Berlin Assembly, visited the wounded in hospital. United Press.
The Soviet machinegunners fired | across the border of the British [Text of official British statement sector, near the Brandenburg Gate, on the incident appears on Page 8. en Unter den Lioden ot-643-p.m. column 1).
Just as a huge mass meeting was breaking up." Anti-Communists had gathered from throughout the city to urge democratle, city adiükistra- tion free of Communists and Soviet domination.
of
The demonstrators started march-
ing
toward the Allied Control Authority Buliding in the American secter to present their petition to
the crowd
toward
Talks
Moscow
Prospects
Moscow,
Admiral Sir Deals Boyd, KCB, CHE, D8C. left Hongkong. Mhim morning for Singapore. Tulo picture shows Admiral Boyd leaving Queen's Pler, in a whaler, pulled by five senior Royal Navy officers, to IIMS Alert.--Staf Photographer.
QUEUILLE READY TO FORM GOVT.
Paris, Sept. 9.-M. Henri Queuille, 64-year-old Radical Deputy, told President Vincent Auriol, of France, tonight that he was ready to form a govern ment. He will present himself before the National Assembly tomorrow or Saturday for investiture.
The Premier-elect conferred. today with the former Prime Minister, M. Andre Marie; and Edouard Herriot, President of the National Assembly, before deciding to accept the difficult task entrusted to him by the President. Faced by problems of constantly hlin me Premier, but he's also re- mounting prices and
sporadile celved their approval of his non- countrywide protest strikes against cial programme and the composition
of his cabinet. the high cost of living, as well as an ever-present threat of inflation, M. Queuille indicate that he
was
to
The latest figures of the Bank of France no doubt helped the Socialists take a more conciliatory attitude. These figures show a strong infla
nary trend and heavy borrowing by the Treasury. An unexpected by the
increase in
their most ambitious attempt so far to get strong repre- sentation on the General Council of the Trades Union Congress. The new Council includes only one Commu- nist Mr A. Papworth, nominee of the Transport and General Workers Union, re-elected without a contest.
Moscow, Sept. D.-Despite sugges-anxious above all to reach an agree the Big Four Military Governor. tions for a Foreign Ministers meet-ment on the unarctal question with The four other Communist candi- Government polley inseparably link-A
Sovlet jeep started weaving ing in Paris on Friday. It was re- the different political factions, dates made a
two ed their support with the demand for through poor showing,
theliably reported here today that the The Treasury position is becoming of the poll more vigorous coming at the bottom
Russian war memorial, which is chances are still good for the re-more critical and calls for urgent | ** for vacant seats...
prices,
some 300 yards Inside the Britisit sumption of four-power, Lalks in measures if the Treasury is to have the necessary cash in hand ut the sector.
end of the month to meet all its When the jeep stopped in front of
The three Western envoys are obligations."
Instructions the memorial, the crowd booed the
still standing by for them with Russians and pelted
from their home capitals. from bombed-out ruins. rubble Russian soldiers leaped from the
and Jeep with tommyguns to see the sergeant in charge levelled his gun "My members want
worth a Pound's Pound buy
But the Cover- goods," he said. ment's policy had had results, he added, for stabilising of prices, if was a considerable nothing more, advantage to the workers.
CONDITIONAL SUPPORT
The TUC tonight endorsed the General Council's support of the Government's "peg wages, prices and profits" polley on condition that the Government acted more vigorously to reduce
prices.
The decision was reached by n
It was in a DH 108 that Mr very large majority after Congress Geoffrey De Havilland, the chief test | had rejected a more extreme pro- pilot of his family's famous firm, i posal that the Government should lost his 1e while flying at wel introduce statutory control of pro- over 000 miles per hour in Septem- fits. ber, 1940.
Several leaders of the Movement [who spoke out in defence of the
(Continued on Page 5)
EDITORIAL
Which Is The Reality?
THE
23
had resumed discussions for the purpose of resolving the Berlin problem
falled have materiallo. The talks are stale- and worse still, the Soviet mated
OVICE authorities and their auxiliaries
abolish
1044
of
but
the Socialist Unliy Party, have opened and developed a new offensive that cannot help prejudice any four-Power dis- cussions whether conducted in Moscow or the German capital. The
avowed purpose
this offensive
to over
overthrow and the democratie system up by the four Powers in and to put in its place a Junta nominated by the Socialist Unity Party. The exlating munt- cipality consists of City Al- sembly elected by proportional representation, and of an Extou- tive Council (the Magistrat) appolated by the Assembly. In
elections to 1940
Social Democrats won nearly half the and the other two seats. They democratic partles have a. big Communist- The majority.
HE hopes aroused by the an- beginning It made 2 violent
nouncement Uut the four
attack on
the
Magistrai, And that Berlin military commanders In
Was the signal for the Socialist Unity Party to go into action. There followed organised
demonstrations** "popular
tha on
CRY Hall carried out with the connivance of the Soviet authorities. And 14 หร during one of these ralds that the real plan revealed. The Magistrat is to be
Assembly abolished, the pushed naide. A "Special Com mission" of nine councillors and to "Kull nine "dilixens" pledged co-operation"
Savick with the Union"
to take over all executive authority and to Invested with wide "emergency Dowers. This is the project in which during the Moscow con- versations the Soviet authorities have been actively and vigorous. ly engaged. It is project quite Incompatible with four-Power control of the city
and which would render any four-Power iniks 00 the future political truelure of Germany fullle and meaningless, It is completely Incomistent with the whole Idea the whole spirit of the ariel Moscow talks. But it exists, Not for the first time thero imems E deep contradiction, A doop Inconsistency, In Soylet manlais
policy. There are, in fact, two Assembly, be
policles which have been pursued Hence i minority than now.
simultaneously during the past Soviet authorilles desire a "post- month, the one in Moscow, the other in Berlin. And they are ponement" of the elections; hence the plan for a Communist
entirely incompatible with each other. Which is the reality-the The first threat came,
signi. the ficantly
from enough,
words of Generalis:ino Stalin or the actions of General Kotikov? Taegliche Rundschau, which E
*11 That is of the
tho
Important the official mouthpiece
Milliary Government, Bovist
question, and the next few weeks should provide, the answer. Juct as the Moscow talks were
the
has only 26
dominated Socialist Unity Party
out seats
of 130. elections Are due
nexi
New month, and every sign is that I they are held free the Com-
would, in the
even
a
next smaller
coup,
by Mr This was
put forcibly Arthur Deakin, General Secretary of the world's biggest trade union, the Transport and General Workers, whe said that the Government should not act vigorously and energetically to cut prices.
of
Mr Vincent Towson, General. Secretary of the TUC, presented the General Council's report on economic situation, which expressed
Govern continued support of the ment's policy, on condition that the Government was careful to keep prices and profits down.
at the crowd.
the
British
At least two of them, envoy Mr Frank Roberts, and United States Ambassador Waller Bedell Smith, are expecting to go to Paris,
Subscriptiong to short-term Trea- sury bonds have virtually dried up during the past ten days of political uncertainty.
to
ono
in the amount of bills dis- counted (abnormal at the beginning of the month) led some commenta- tors to suppose that the Treasury had been discounting anticipated tax receipts in order to meet current labilities.
The Sociolitis' objections serving 15 a cabinet including declared Gaúllists were apparently overcome by M. Queullie's promise MORE INFLATION
his government to take into or two Gaullist sympathleers, but to Recourse to temporáry borrowing keep out declared Gaullists. from the Bank of France and a The Goullist group has promised seem inevitable, but even this re-his consequent new dose of inflation to support M. Queuille subject to undertaking to reform the for quires the existence
of a govern-electoral law in preparation mont.
future general elections, and their and the jeep was quickly surrounded First reaction in Western quarters by British MPs.
continued support would no doubt here to the Soviet proposal" to be- Although a 24-hour protest strike be contingent on the new govern- The new Soviet guard for the war gin a Foreign Ministers meeting in by the Communist-leti memorial was escorted to its post by Paris tomorrow was that there is Confederation of
General ment acting in this sense within' a Labour public reasonable time... British omeers. Other British sol- very little chance of this happen-servlees
workers took place in Paris yesterday without any unto- diers
JEEP SURROUNDED
Since the Russians
were
pre
It is reported that neither Inside making plans for an immediate de- the British sector, the British Mill-parture although both will probably try Police took charge. A British leave sometime next week. c-ptain seized the Soviet sergeant
began pushing back the ing. surging crowd and a serious incident;
It is thought more likely that the appeared to have been averted.
to hold another Herr Franz Neumann, Socialist envoys will seek Party leader, began talking to the meeting or meetings with the Rus Mr Tewson analysed the country's crowd to divert its attention from sions and try to work out the Ber-
But Just then ten in impasse.--Associated Press. production and balance of payments the Russians.
fire with opened problems and said: "There is a Soviet soldiers
inside the Just point at which we have to consider tommyguns from how we are going to get through Soviet sector. tomorrow's broad and butter."
Machinegun bullets whizzed and scaled the gate, The National Union,
et Tailors one
shinned up a flagpole and snatched and Carment Workers had moved
and hammer down the Russian on the Govern sickle flag which marks the Soviet resolution calling ment to maintain the purchasing sector boundary. power of wages and to "maintaln Land, if need be, to extend the cost
of living subsidies and to
review the effects of the Purchase and other taxes on commodities entering into ordinary domestic use."
German
RIPS DOWN FLAC
He ripped the flag from the sinf and threw it down to the crowd, which was cheering him.
The Soviet machinegunner then on the flag- turned their weapons
British Military Police reinforce-
Dame Anne Loughlin, moving the resolution, sald that since January the cost of a man's suit increased snatcher. 22 per cent and only two per cent
of that was attributable to wages, ments roared up in trucks and jeeps A man's cotton, shirt had gone up and formed a cordon around the In price 23 percent and only one Russian memorial with the Soviet centre. The seven and a half percent was represented jeep in the by 'wages-Reuter.
Russian war memorial guards were now surrounded by anti-Communist demonstrators and the British soldiers shouldered their guns and to fire into the crowd also.
on them to hold their fire.
Defiantly, the Russian
Kuards
EVACUATION OF Powever, a British pubile safety
HYDERABAD officer provalled
Madras, Sept. 9-Between
Japan Threatened
י
widespread action by all three of the leading trade union federations
Labour unrest under Communist today, and continued ward incidents, M. Queuille still inspiration has to consider the possibility of more token strikes in various parts
were country
reported. of the
about one hour for Strikes lasting in the near futuro if their demands took place in some 40 coalfields in
the for meaures to meet the growing
north, the departure of weral cost of living are not met.
large ships was delayed in Maieilles, of the about half the workers in the Somme M. Queuille's acceptance
Department responded to a Com- Premiership followed an agreement munist call for a 24-hour protest by the Socialists earlier tonight to strike and a one-hour general strike
vote for his investiture and, it was
has been called for tomorrow at understood, participate in the new Dourges.
cabinet-the fourth formed in under six weeks.
.
With Blackout
Tokyo, Sept. 9-Leaders of the
FINANCIAL QUESTION electrical workers' unions threatened
The earlier pessimism about the today to blackout
Japan if the prospects of forming an "All Party". M. Queuillo indiented today that and distribution government, power generation
excluding only the he was anxious above all, to reach companies refuse to meet, the union Communist, gave way to greater an agreement on the financial ques- wage demands,
optimism, tonight in Paris political tion with the various parties. circles.
"I do not think anything can be It is believed that M. Queuille has achieved by hurrying he declared. not only pbtained the agreement "It is only when we are in agree- of the various groups to vote forment on this (anancial question)
that we can proceed.”
They have already sent instrue- tions to their men in several areas including Tokyo to prepare for a blackout—United Press.
15,000 Filipinos Imperilled
By Deadly Volcano Gases
Manila, Sopt. 10.-Deadly gases from a volcano this morning Imperilled the lives of 15,000 Filipinos marooned on the tiny island of Camiguin.
A joint resolution, passed by the three big trade unions-the Com- munist-led General Confederation and of Labour, the Force Ouvriere the Christian Workers Federation- called for a monthly cost of living bonus
(about francs of 3,000 [HK$80), for all wage corners.
Fascists" They said the Russian came in a frantic radio "prendast tea" to respond. one faced the crowd, shouting "Althy the great disasters of modern times began erupting on September 1. the President, following yesterday's
It Was
for
Strong forces of police and Re- publican Security Guards were again on duly today at all ap- News of what could be one of on the scene since. Mt. Ilbohibok proaches to the Elysce Palace of ind two hundred British Nationals
Alcaraz appealed to "all ships at marches to the Palace by Com at present in Hyderabad will
ships. be memorial
to the need evacuated in two specially
was "Soviet territory" resevo
for munist-led. workers presenting re- charter-
evacuation. Ho and that the demonstrators had "no from, a Philippines Navy Patrol mass ed BOAC York planes on Friday,
designated solutions in favour of a "democratie craft a little before 3 p.m. GAIT. Gulnsiliban and Binone as embarka government" (with Communist par business being here." AR will
be accommodated irs
There was no second message. Lion points.
ticipation). Madras by their community, with
This island is about 450 miles by PELTED WITH STONES
"Rain of acidic ash, probably one About 20 truckloads of Com- the help of the Indian Military and
air southeast of Manila. It is a of the halogens, has occurred. Order munist-led demonstrators · from Madras the
It was
tho government.
The British__authorities” said one dózon mfles hórth of the. Mindanao is being maintained,"
urgent suburban factories arrived at the stated on Thursday, by the regional Soviet sector German policeman was coast.
message said.
western
Palaca approach to the information offieur of the British treated for injuries he suffered when The brief appeal was signed by Halogens are the chlorine family this afternoon, but only a delega Information Service. · Associated | German demonstrators pelted him Arturo Alcaraz, Philippine Govern-of elements which create polsonourtion of five was allowed
to pass with stones.
'ment volcano' expert. He has been ichlorine gas-Associated Prom, Reuter.
| Press;-)