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THE HONGKONG TELEGRAPH, FRIDAY, AUGUST 20, 1948.
"Let me have another look at those tickets you bought for ten quid from that chap in Soho!"
DR STURTON OF KWANG-CHI
By Fred Hampson
M
ECONOMIC AIM OF COLONIAL POLICY
- by - GEORGE MARTIN
ORE than 50 years ago one of the grentent colonial administrators, Lord Lugard, declared thut Britain had a dual mandate in her Colonies on the one hand, to promote the moral and material welfare of the Colonial and techniques on the lines of the
The development of now
0,005 tons to over 13,000 tons, and the Uganda crop reached a record of 40,000 tons.
Banana production in Nigerta Is steadily increasing. In Jamaica the banana industry in sill affected by
work on the breeding of immuno- the "panama" disease, which has put crops certain areas out of production, but
the
peoples, and, on the other, to Enst African Groundnuts Schemo varielles has been intensified with develop the resources of the will be of the greatest long-term come success. Colonies, not only for their value, but it cannot be expected to own peoples, "but for all man- show large. Immediate results.
The greatest contribution kind."
the Colonies Thero are the main foodstuffs ena make immediately to the allevia- which
Colonies have now tion of Europe's problems, is an ex, available for export. In rice they are The present world food pansion in the output of commodities dependent on Imports; but indi-
in world demand, the production renous production in Malaya shortage and Europe's econo- of which is ntrendy established in from 230,000 tons in 1940 to 320,000 mie disruption have served to the Colonies. In spite of difficulties tons last year. Plans have been laid give new currency to this cbstantially the contribution made in Malaya and North Borneo.
it has been possible to increase for the mechanised cultivation of rice position of the economic aim by agricultural exports from the of Britain's Colonial policy. Colonies to lessen present world Although comprehensive" plana shortares. had already been made to denl
with basic social and economic Sugar production in the Colonies needs of the Colonies, it be is. rising. The 1017 crop In Mauritius yield 345,000 tons of a came necessary last year to very high quality, a record figure ask what further contributions and an Increase of 55,000 tons on to the solution of the present in previous year, The crop in world-wide difficulties could be produced 140,000 tons, on in
crease of 23,000 tons on 1040. The made by the Colonies.
West Indian crop showed a slight decrease owing to drought ami a shortage of fertilisers. East African production increased, and several thousand additional tons were made available for export.
New Prosperity
ex-
T Song Moh-dzang (Pine from a tropical shrubs which seems
Tree Place), just over the 19 strip the membrane from the LOW was it possible to strengthen bill from
Jeper the Needle
bacilli, TIPICE the
modern 11 the economics of the Colonial ter- cilesone
The Pagoda, Hangchow, are the tait of the sulphos. It is not a new en
treatment,
Nigerian Diasone is one ritories, to meet their needs, and to broke records with 330,000 tons for groundnut crop walls of Kwang-Chi compound. the sulphetrone treatment. Sulphe and materials in short supply in the ports Increased from 112,000 tons to
increase the production of foodstuffs export, and Nigerian palm oll Kwang-Chi is a leprosarium.
trone seems to be more efcrtive world; moreover, what could be done 141,000 against the leper taci and less to fortify not only their own, but groundnuts was exported from Gam- crop of texte thun diatone. But the drug siltuin's and Europe's long-term bla. not available
here yet in economy? quantity.
out
The launching of the East African some case Groundnuts Scheme, which will
a revolution of the disease technique in the troples, has shown of agricultural
It is something of a shock visiting Kwang-Chi to upon discover that visiting a lepro-
Dr Slurton recounts Aarium is not half as shocking histories which to a layman with a as you expected it to be. A Himited knowledge close-up look at a colony of teem marvellous. people suffering from this disease, most dreaded since the One ense was that of TE carliest recorded history, is already blinded whose eyesight not a
partially restored afler, only horrible experience at wecks of dinsone treatment, ail.
Dr S. D. Sturton, O.B.E., M.D., superintendent of the
They Seem Happy
mean
fons. A record
Important Work
that new prosperity may be created Anission to West Africa consider through co-operation with the
ed how far oilseed production leper Colonial peoples. The world's need could be further increased by the application of mechanical methods; was became the Colonial Empire's
Op its report is now being studied by two portunity," it is emphasised in the the West Africa Governments.
official annual
report on the Colonies, The Colonint Empire (1917-1940)," which has recently been published.
Kwang-Chi hospital in Hang- Sturton says there are some 32 produels in the world, particularly
of
400
of
the
Britain and
toso
There are many other crops grown for local consumption. These possibl litles of expanding output of these crops are being constantly examined and there are hopes of development.
Basic Services
REAT steps are mado In the
development of the baste services on which economic progress in the Colonies depends. Seventeen 10- Colonial Development and Welfare year development plans under the
Acta have now been approved, providing for a total expenditure f about £180 millon, of which about £50 million will be provided from United Kingdom funds.
In order to stimulate production In the Colonies for internal needs and for exports, the Colonial Develop- ment Corporation and the Overseas Food Corporation have been formed. The financial resources se provided should prove adequate to Ananco Colonial development to the extent of the physical resources and human skill available in the next few years. from sterling sources.
access to
discussions have been opened
Possiblities are also being in- vestigated of securing finance" from Exports of copra from the Seychel. non-sterling sources, so as to give les and the Western Pacific islands
Governments Colonial Increased until they attained, and inverseas sources of supply to The continued shortage of primary levels.
some cases were
above, prewar greater degree than would otherwise be possible. Preliminary and general chow, is also superintendent of China, the largest being Sheklung, with the present fluancial difficulties Institutions treating lepers in in the non-dollar area, combined
between British Government experts the leprosarium out at the edge near Canton, which has between 300
Important work has been under- and the International Bank for town.
Western patients. Tosong, He conducted Lt. and
Europe taken to bring under control the Col. John Saresy and Major Shanghai leprosacium, is about the phasis to be laid on the two prin- adversely affected the cocoa crop in
[generally, have caused further em- swollen shoot disease, which has the struction and Development on possibilities of loans by the Danic Frank J. Rinehart of the U.S.
same size as Kwang-Chi.
for Colonial Army Advisory Group,
tural development, namely to in- but no quick recovery of the crop such development are likely to te- cipal objectives of Colonial agricul- the Gold Const, the largest producer, major limits evelopment. But the
on the speed and Nobody knows how many lepers crease the production of food crops can be expected. On the other hand, main the continuing shortages in the myself, through the lepro- there are in China, but Dr Sturton for local consumption, and to pro- Colonial coffee output is expanding, available supplies of capital and sarium, where groups of busily thinks that probably less than o mote the increased production of the Kenya crop showed a very satis working patients, startled but tenth of them are in leprosariums export crops.
factory
consumer goods Increase 1047-48 from technical manpower. The disease is litle known but it in pleased at the sight of visitors, an Invariable gathered about.
concomitant of They always poverty and nith. stayed, however, at a respect- ful distance. There is little danger in physical contact with a leper, but patients seem aware of the attitude of the visitor and keep their distance.
Founded in 1889
and
In
skilled
HANGING: Let these
men decide
Besides treating lepers regularly, the important things are to cure them of any secondary disence, so that the system may concentrate on combating the leprosy, give them proper food and rest, and keep them busy, Most
lepers"
in Kwang-Chi work about the hospital or in the yards, which they havo terraced converted into a charming little park. There is actually a clicerful HE British Government are DR Sturton has been at Hangchow
since 1928. The leprosarium was Certainly the patients seem happy delay what practicable means
atmosphere
ibout the place. founded in 1880 and
about to "explore without has occupied its present alte since
and definitely do not feel sorry for 1915. 11 is supported by the Mission to Lepers,
1s themselves.
there are of limiting the death London, and a similar organisation
There is one pos- the United
penalty." States, which Dr Sturton, who han studied sible organisations
method interdenomina- leprosy during 27 years of practice which has been in my mind for of doing this tional. The hospital is Episcopalian.. in China, says: "You don't say you
cure leprosy, you
merely say that long time. j'ou arrest It." Nobody knows whether it is ever cured.
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During the war, with its foreign revenue cut off, the
It is obvious Ieprosarium
that, if sen- was in critical condition. De Sturton
tences to death are to be res Chinese for to build morale among the ill. His use discretion.
Dr Sturton obviously knows howtricted, some authority has to support but the Japanese interfered. Dr Sturton's reply was that unless patients take great delight in their some support was
Recently the Government believed forthcoming ho accomplishments In buildings would close the
and that it was possible for Parliament grounds and maintain and
leprosarium
high hopes.
by Claud MULLINS
Before
trial begins, the Prosecution know
usc
the facts. They are -in-a-position-to-
their
discretion wisely. Some cases will clearly not require the death sentence. Other cases will manifestly require it. In between will come many cases where dis- cretion will have to be used care- fully, probably with a blas in favour of the capital sentence, because of the uitimale powers of the Home
On whom, then, should the ree- Secretary. ponsibility rest of distinguishing Would such a change involvȧ any between murder deserving the death interference by the Executive with sentence and other forms of murder? the Judiclary?
It would be wrong, as I see the problem, to place that burden on the I doubl it. The advantages of Judges at murder trials. To do that, such a change would be that it avoids. apart from the overwhelming burden any placed on trial judges, would result murder which should result in
enumeration of the kinds of
of Parliament the cases in which the
ing attitudes of individual judges, would continue to death sentence should be passed.
perform the JURY'S TASK
present tusks. The only change In After the severe criticism that has
procedure would be that in those put forward by eminent legal IT would also be wrong to
cases in which the death sentence is authorities in the House of Lords, I
allow abandoned, a sentence of life impri- neglected but the lepers kept inside.
such a method is not likely to be re- They should have no concern with
juries to make the decision, sonment would be passed. Many of them died of malnutrition Sturton keeps up on the deve posed in an Act of Parlament, there facts. There is also the factor that
pented. Whatever limits are or other diseoses. Lepers, Dr Sturton
In- punishment; their task is to decide saya, seldom die of leprosy-some much
lopments in leprosy treatment as must result
na possible, but the other disease, made more virulent scarcely has enough hours, for he based on logic. In my opinion,
Innumerable criticisms juries can be emotional and day by the debilitations of
sentimental. cause death.
leprosy, puts in many hours in the hospital impossible to define the limits in an
in Hangelow and in the hospital's Act of Parliament.
TB sanitarium. There probably is not a buster man In Hangchow.
The He seems to keep them hoppy and itself to do this by denning in an Apt in inconsistencles, due to the differ- death sentence, Judges. and Jurora
put the lepers on the streets. Japanese ceased obstructing,
was interned and the
leprosarium
Later on, however, Dr Sturton
hopeful.
A Busy Man
Dr
Sturion Ilves alone
in
It is
the
even
MP. CAN SPEAK
N many countries the Prosecution have the power of asking for the If Parliament.
enpital sentence, or of refraining judges and from doing so. If this method were At present, there are 70 lepers at
Juries are excluded, we are left with adopted, it might be possible to place AGONY OF MIND
the Prosecution. Kwang-Chi and most of them are
this responsibility on the Director of Improving. There are, of course,
VET some limits are required. The
I should ke see an inquiry into Publle Prosecutions., He, as part of many pitiable cases-Angerless
Hongehow. He had us in for after- Lord Chief Justice himself said the possibility of Bxing the respons! the Executive, is subject to Parila- hands, splotched faces, faces without noon tea after we returned from the that in regard to what lawyers term billty firmly on the shoulders of the mentary criticism. eyebrows, nasal bones eaten away. leprosarium. He has two daughters, constructive murder some change is Prosecution. It might be possible to But, the patients are cheerful. one in Carmi, Illinols, and the other, law of murder is so wide that there section to declare that no death con- could be disposed of until conditions
desirable.
For in fact the English have an Act of Parliament of one this everlasting and tiresome subject I believe that on some such lines a pharmacist in Leeds, England.
aru many crimes which amount to tence shall be passed if at any time will justify an experimental aboll- Dr Sturton's specialty is radiology, Does he look forward to going murder in which the death sentence during a trial or during the pre- tion of all capital sentences. but he has become a fair authority home some day? of leprosy about
Is morally unjustllable. which
It is in my liminary proceedings, before magis- not too much is known despite the centuries
view
wrong to condemn to death trates, the Prosecution shall inform in his clipped those who obviously
Abolitionists would not accept such of history of the disease. Its treat- English.
will not be the court that such a sentence la not a plan, but they have caused so "I like Chinn. I've been executed. This involves the acutest required. In such cases all the hor- much trouble in recent months that rients include the common treat here 27 years and I hope I ment with chaulmoogra oil, an oil another 27."--Associated Press.
stoy agony of mind without any compen rible glamour that attaches to
saling benefit,
a their influence should be at a dis- murder trial would largely disappear. count.
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