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THE HONGKONG TELEGRAPH, THURSDAY, AUGUST. 12;′′ 1948.
Was
HAVE unearthed a secret. controversy about the war.
Secret becauso no hint of the arguments has reached the public's car! Theso arguments began four years ngo. They are still going on. But not openly. They are being con- ducted quictly wherever mill. tary men gather. And the centre-piece of the dispute?
Mulberry Harbour.
MULBERRY a failure?
FOUR YEARS. AFTER
D DAY THE DEBATE
GOES ON IN SECRET
Just four years ago the Mulberry Harbour was being used. Later the story of this prefabricated port was released to a wondering public. And ever since. Mulberry han been classed as one of the vital Instruments in the winning of the war.
It has been hailed as a great achievement. Not solitary voice has been raised in critic- ism of it-in public.
But there has been criticism nevertheless. And some of it has come from men closely connected with the operation of the scheme.
Mulberry Harbour, accepted for four years as a supreme suc- cess, has stirred up an under. ground dispute among soldiers --and sailors-which is likely. to go on as long as the memory of it lives.
A
what
The
`Above = "Britain's - Mulberry: Harbour at Arromanches
by GEORGE CAMPEY
of
Whether the Mulberries wore worth the expenditure of labour and money, or whether both could havo
tish one, survived. Mulberry A the American port, collapsed.
The Americans, who had by this time captured. Cherbourg, abandoned it. They never again looked upon the idea with any favour.
Collapse of the American port was a good thing for its British companion. For many of the "towa" of Mulberry components had been lost in the Channel cross- log. And parts from the derelict port were used to complete ours. It was "cannibailsm” at sea, "PR
But it was not until well into July that the ‹ surviving, Mulberry was working to its full : capacity. By this time the Americans were golting on
well very
without belis
They were, in fact, land- ing more over their beaches than we were by Mulberry, And 50, for that matter, were wo
sot
been directed to a better end, has have been investigating our been the subject of a Government Mulberry's performance. I And The committee has now that it fell far short of expectn- I asked for an official view on 20,000 workmen were engaged on
Inquiry, nished its work. But its findings ton. these Mulberry doubts. This is them night and day. Mr R. Cop- have not yet been published. various criticisms
I was told: "There have been pock, general secretary of the Na- Assuming, however,
that Wo 'DUCKS' HELPED Mulberry lonal Federation of Building Trades were in a position to afford the Harbour from various quarters. Operatives, has already reported men, the money and the materials In the, 120 days since it was frat controversial nature.
whole subject is of a highly that the men "worked to the danger for the ports, were they essential to
Janded up, Mulberry
only There, in of their lives, and many of them the invasion? cautious official parlance, in the first did, in fact,
It is on the ques- 539,385 tons of war stores out of loso their indication that I was not necessarily Twenty-five big contracting firms base their main argument,
lives." tion of performance that the critics a total landed by all means of
1,627,082 tons. the unqualified success the public gave up other war work to make have always held it to be.
1hem.
The idea of a floating pler had The arithmetle is simple. Mul- been considered early in the war. berry carried less than one-third The idea denuded Britain of Working out of the scheme was left of our material across the Channel.
It robbed the to an officer, who was, to
Di quote How, then, did the rest have been used making tanks and Hopkins, "somewhat addicted much of her steel. country of man-hours' which could Robert Sherwood's book on Harry Bull go? By the simple device of to landing it by amphibious "ducks," other war weapons.
freakish schemes involving all And the cost of the enterprise? manner of weird contraptions."
amount was left to the Chief of Combined £25,000,000. No small
ORIGINALLY TWO
Listen to their case as I have been What are the critics' arguments? able to compile it.
Originally two Mulberries, were planned and started.
Building of them was a hazardous
and expensive business. At least even in days of lavish war spending. Operations, Lord Louls Mountbat
Mr. Moneybags banks on charm...
by R. M. MacCOLL
At his first Press conference PLUMP, quiet-voiced American of 57 is in Paris a French reporter asked for a with £4,250 millions in his message to Europe. Said Hoff- pocket to spend on European man: "Tell them the only reason I am in this damn job is that 1 have good will for Europe.
recovery.
He has been outlining the ""masterplan" which goes with At 2.30, 5.30, the money,
a plan to change. "the old ways of doing busi 7.30 & 9.30 p.m.ness" in Europe.
As part of the Marshall aid.
Britain bargain which
has struck in return for her share, Mr Paul Hoffman may quite well become in effect, head man in British industry before he is through.
1946'S TOP AWARDS WINNERS GIVE YOU THIS YEAR'S. TOP ENTERTAINMENT!
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Claudette COLBERT
.BEST ACTOR
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the
into
In 1933, at the depth of depression, Studebaker went receivership, but Hoffman, named as Receiver, brought off a cupcessful reorganisation. Two years later he was made president,
ien.
'YES' FROM QUEBEC
tho
While Mulberry WES shaklly trying to get into its stride, these craft were landing vast quantities of supplies, sheltered only by the breakwaters of sunken "aliips. By 180,000 tons on the other side of the August 31 alone they had dumped Channel
performance
But it was a long-term plan. The Second Front, planned for 1942, shamed the efforts of the never came. It was in June of the vaunted synthetle. port. next year that the floating pier iden was considered in relation to the postponed altack.
that. much-
Those figures support the critics in their view that Mulberry was not the miracle-worker it has öffen been made out to be.
ULTRA-CAUTIOUS?
I know that
.
un-
In that month Mountbatten held a meeting of British and Ame- rican commanders. It was then decided that artificial harbours were essential. From the Quebec con- officer very closely concerned with one high-ranking ference came approval. In Sep- tember the order for the work was the project has classed it
into it. In the hands of the Ministry of worthy of the effort put Supply.
There are others of like mind. And RE the underground controversy For it was to the United King- goes on they orc asking these dom, short of men, short of material, questions: |that the job fell of making the two paris-one for the British soctor, one for the American. This decision was taken to "save time."
Would the British Mulberry have ever been completed in time if ite Anterican counterpart had not broken up and provided: with
But time caught up with the parts?
a military responsibility and
Mulberries. By D Day most 01 Why was this operation at sea the essential equipment was ready.
***** made But the tur fleet was not fully pre not a naval one? pared. And the men of the Royal
U.S. Navy and
Flacing
of
His headache
Navy
the Royal
Did not the planners overestimate who were. to carry out the hazards of taking Engineers,
supplies More elegantly at a late date FEW years ago. Hoffman founded the operation had not completed across the Channel-being as ultra Hofman explained that: "We an organisation called the Com- their training.
the cautious in 1944 as they were when are investment bankers in recovery." miltee for Economic Development, harbours want on nevertheless until they turned down the Second Prons
But 80-year-old Charles Eaton, Made up of several hundred of 12 days after D Day. Then came in 19427 chulmanı of the House of the biggest business men and disaster, Representativer Foreign Committee, warned him;
Affairs bankera of America, this committee "Watch · studies economic problems with a
why the workers like him is that
The two ports were hit by 2
These questions
crawling all over you." your step or you will have maggots "progressive and enlightened" cast gale when they were in their half- no official answers, of mind. His workers like that ap-finished stale. Mulberry B, the Bri- on being debated, proach. Another reason notorcar his company pays the highest wages in the whole America motor-in- dustry. There has been no strike at Studebakers for the last 12 years.
For the £6,000 a year which Holman geis as Marshall plan headman he gave up something like 25,000 salary as president of the
What sort of a man is this wielder of colossal economic powers? He is pleasant and
Studebaker Motor Car Company. attractive in manner. Iron-
What is more, he has already talked Mr. Hoffman has with him in grey hair, Observant eyes. a dozen or more top-salaried Europe his public relations man, a Ruddy cheeks.
into Well-pressed, businessmen
their 30-year-old Washington double-breasted suits. Dark lucrative posis to join him in his called Al Friendly.
Hoffman know that Friendly's ties. Devoted wife and seven present venture,
secondary task is in its own WAY children,
almost as tough as Hoffman's main Job.
He has a record of unbroken success in his career. largely because he has the amazing
Fred MACMURRAY 11⁄2"EGG AND "knack of pleasing almost every
MAJESTIC
Shitley TEMPLE
LOIS
CALHOUN MAXWELL
AT 2.30, 5.20, 7.20 & 9.20 p.m.
Ronald REAGAN
That
Hagen girl
COMMENCING SATURDAY
“THE PRINCE OF THIEVES”
Color By Technicolor!
one.
leaving
His assets WHATEVER qualms you may feel about having an American czar for British Industry, I am pretty sure you are going to like Hoffman
personally,
columnist Friendly. and
have
received.
They will go
Dr. Felix puts
the sun to work
by CHAPMAN PINCHER.
MAN who has worked out how to
A..
huge furnace, now
being
Europe's man-in-the-street hos only the sketchiest notion of what the Marshall plan
is' all about.
run a furnace solely by the heat designed by Dr. Trombe for use in Friendly will explain it.
of the sun missed a big chance one the French Empire, has a system of A large headache for Hoffman ---one of many-is the
day recently. Dr. Felix Trombe, head that mirrors hundreds of square feet provision in the Act which says
that the of the team of French scientists in area. A robot device will ensure countries He can listen as well as tolk. Ha European
which get behind the scheme, was on holiday. that the mirror follows the path of the money grants (Britain is one) munt
Back in Paris, in the grounds of the sun to absorb the maximum amoun!
of free energy. Meudon
Observatory. his glant place in a special fund a sum their own currency equivalent to furnace could have used the peak
Dr. Trombe expects that this tho grant.
sunshine to meet a lump of steel in
designed to This sum must be devoted, under less than a second. It was just the furnace, which is certain conditions, to rehabilitation sort of
generate thousands of kilowatts of Lolked day he
úsable power, will be taken up by programmes. Geiting agreement enthusiastically when I met him a
The French aluminium industry.
subordinates.
.
In
about
He told me: "Good use could be made of free sun-power in the new development schemes in the British * Empire."
about this provision has not been few weeks ngo, easy, and the ang remains.
Hoffman has lo allocate huge I saw his furnace in actor. jis suns among the 16
European mechanism is simple: A six-foot- nations while avoiding the build-wide curved mirror Laken trom
playing favourites" up of resentment or charges of captured German searchlight
collects the sun's rays and throws Behind him is *the hawklike them on to a flat mirror. This brings scrutiny of Congress riveted on his them to a pinpoint focus where every move, with the possibility tomperatures higher
3,000
He is a Republican, yet he was picked for this job by a Democratic President, and he is is polite and affable. When he does well liked by Democrat politi. not know the answer to a thing he clans. He has appeared before says 50.
In the three and a half months nine Congressional committees, that he was in Washington as and at none of these potentially Administrator he put in a 60-hour querulous free-for-alls has there week, and nearly all his meals, been so much as a raised voice including breakfast, were planning, or a naughty word Hoffman conferences with Cabinet officers or charmed them.
He nover smokes or drinks. He Hoffman is an ardent be plays, fair bridge and better golf liever in capitalism and free which helps to keep his weight enterprise who is greatly nd steady at 12st. 71. He sleeps eight mired by his fellow business- hours. men and enormously popular. He had an idea at arst that he that the cry may go up at any time degrees Cent are generated. (Water with the labour unions, too.
would personally sift all applications that Holman Is. undermining bolls at 100 degrees Cent.) for jobs in the Marshall plan, or America's economy by being too Economic His reason
Co-operation Adminis- open-handed towards Europe. fration, as I is called officially. When they told him that 49,000 THERE are divided opinions applications had come in, with more
on whether Britain did on the way, he changed his mind. Will he continuing in the past? of this free heat reaches us, but it: right in accepting Marshall aid, "Hoffman left, the. University of But one can only applaud the Chicago after one year to become selflessness of Hoffman in tak a motor-car salesman: After Sarving was not keen about it and he with auch outstanding success that he came back to motor-car selling had a hard time talking his the Studebaker Company, made him wife Into giving her assent. Its vice-president of sales.
COMING to the KING'S
to the KING'S ing on this demanding job. He in the artillery, in the 1914-1913 war,
(ESPIONAGEM EM LISBOA)
PATRICIA BURKE · DAVID FARRAR WALTER RILLA
Richard TAUBER
- MO
LISBON Story
A. BRITISA MUTIONAL...
FILM
The Great Romantic & Dramatic Musical
with a Hemendous Cask Prodimed by LODIS HIJACKSON · Prachel by PAUL & STEIN'
NANCY His Feelings Are Holt
WHAT'S. THE
MATTER, ISLUGGO
1.007 FIRED FROM MY
JOB IN TH
BAKERY
바빠
WHY
THEY ASKED.
***ME TO. BIDECORATE 2
A-CAKE TODAY
His f future
thon
Dr. Trombe talks of the unlimited! free power which can be collected In this way. Each square inch of the, Fun's surface,throws out energy at WILL ho continue to please every- the rate of 45 h.p. Only a fraction Well, Ave years from now you will adds up to 5,000,000 h.p. per square
score. That £4,260 mile of the earth's crust. now the nditions will have been spent, and some will have to be paid
back.
To generate a similar amount of factories and businesses will
For better or worse, Britain's power, five glant power-statioris, ten
and have of our biggest liners, been largely switched to Ameri- locomotives would have to run co 1- can ways by American experts. tinuously.
+
By Ernie Bushmiller
HAPPY
BOITH
GOU
SUKS
CONCAVE
FOR MIRROR
PIKKOR
BUN CATCHER... by Dr. Trombe
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