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Saturday,
HONGKONG TELEGRAPH
AXIS INTRIGUE IN CHINA AND THE CONSEQUENCES
every
War
resistance.
Later,
on
7
September 27, 1941
Are China's Palains able to change resistance into capitulation and tum to asher their country's dream of freedom? Wo may be confident that, whatever happens, they will not be strong enough for this. The vast majority of the Chinese people, of all classes, continue to be vitully interested in resistance to Japan. They are, bowed by, the burdens of war, their dissatisfaction with the distribution of these burdens 13 growing, but their feeling on the war is not that it must stop, but that it must continue and be prosecuted more eflclently.
Reforms
ex-
German monopolies had established Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek the diploma! who find survived the Em of right-wing politice democratie palace revolution, a "Slan coup from.
Whatever interest
11
to
NO
Nazl
her
"Peace Offensive"
further
Refreshing
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UB
SHAK
U.B.
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One may argue, therefore, that the Everyone knows that the inter- contacts with German Fascism be- rapid military action to "bring the was "overy man for himself and the
donger from China's. Fifth Column national policy of the new, post-war came official. The steel concern of Chinese back to their senses and devil take the hindmost."
is over-estimated. But this in turn Otto Wolff, notable for its contribu- get them back to their proper German imperialism did not begin tons to the Nazi Party chest, was job of "anti-Red" cleil strife.
Having done its work in the West, would be shortsighted. There is not appeasement moved its headquarters enough democracy in China aud with Hitler. The great trusts whlelt, entrusted, in 1034, with the construe-
the undermined
Republic
'The and tion of three Chinese railways and
hoving begun, Axin to the Far East, The Burma Road changes at the top are not regulated put Hitler into power to create the replacement of stock on one. In agencies in China worked out on was closed. China was advised to by public opinion. Ever since the the present Nazi military machine 1030, HAPRO, an export trust con- interesting division of labour, The make peace, demonstrating a catas- beginning of the war, no single new
the element has come into the air mission trolled by the German War Minis Italian
at Nanchang trophie lack of perception of with began long, long ngo
advanced a rallway loan to the released valuable bombing informa- oneness of the worldwide struggle ment, despite the fact that
perience of all countries has shown means they had on hand, to line up Centrul Government
tion to the Japanese, was caught at against aggression. secured on Recur world situation in which that tungsten and other strategie de country. The German advisers, on
ate, and promptly had to leave the The Germans in Chungking natur- the need of broadening the basis of national administration In times of machine would eventually and it rials produced in China and needed easiest to operate. No one under- for German resirmament. Between the other hand, carried on their work ince fun advantage of this posi- crisis. At the same ume, objective.
1032 and 1937, the annual export of as usual, and Gerninn official repre- tion. Clothed in the prestige of demands and suppressed populas cils generated a terri- rabbers that war les continuin tungsten to Germany multiplied from sentatives and correspondents miss-quete damaging chapter and verse on satisfaction have
to 11,000 tons. In 1932, strate- ed no opportunity of expressing Ae pressure that makes members of of economy and polilles, and that in gle metals formed 2.2 Perent or muniration for China's magnificent the undependable nature of their the ruling groups more afraid that
enemies friendship for China, their
ever to "rock the boat" by reforms. a competitive economie order, diplo- German Imports from China. In
found more ready ents with Nanking mnt- propaganda macy and trade are a form of, and a 1937, they formed 64 percent
ently threatened, their admiration than ever before. The old plan of a
Sino-Japanese preparation, for war.
In the meantime, the Hallans also gave place to crocodile "You did negis of Fascism was
compromise under the педія
was taken out of best you could" condolences,
It is this situation that makes it Many years before Hiller, the chief had esconced themselves in strong the
ld cold, storage, A A powerful minority Mussolini
Troutmann, positions. Siguer
made Ambassador
possible for the Axls party not only cager to inanaguvre but to think of not only business ties, but their own present of a plane. In the midst of pire and the Republic to accommodate settle accounts with
ra himself without enthusiasm to the diplomaite and military contacts a torrent of warm, mutual congra-
and harassed by a movement, with every country with which they tulations, China began to buy dozens Nazi regime, was personally popular Ingly complicated economic situation, the right" as they phrase it, Uint will Hitler was prly vulnerable to the place them in nominal control. The would not, of course, submil denil. Suefi contacts operated quite of great Savoia-Marchetti bombers in the Chinese capital;
that, once the job of offer-
Euro Country (which proved worthless when the found him useful for lise
to their domination. There would
uld be independently of those of the govern war with Japan broke, out) and in ing Gerinan mediation between the pean opponents were disposed of terrible civil wars and,
vited an Italian att mission to estab- warring countries on the basts of new over to China's side and make Japan would be deprived of ali
victorious Germany would
swing ment of the Weimar Republic.
Their
subjective desires, the Petains W. R. LOXLEY & CO., (China) LTD. school and an assembly plant and "moderate" Japanese Then, using, their Nazi cohorts for in her then greatest fortress of Non- terms. Trautmann gained the back- disgorge her gains. To cap all, the choire and would be forced to lear
forthcoming the purpose for which they had been chang, where the Gil.Q. of the anti- ing of Wang Ching-wel for his pro- the U.S.S.R. was discussed earlier
Nazl campaign against with all their weight on Japan and organised, the trusts made their first Red campaign was currently located, posols, but was decisively snubbed and more frankly in Chungking than would be powned.
Germany, to whom the country by the Generolissimo. From then conquest-the conquest of Germany
The other powers did notch it becante clear that the old Axle (1) any other capital. herself, and of her able, Industrious matter was benevolent, The Ger- line had failed and a drastic revamp-
they showed
To introduce essential economic people. They made It with the help mans and Italians were "officers and ing was necessary.
reforms and to relax the tensions of their allies and connections abroad gentlemen," and they were helping
racking Ching in her fifth year of The Japanese reaction to the fai- During the Axis "peace offensive" war, the broadest extension of demo- -the Fords, the Delerdings and the to light the Communists an enterture was the grisly massacre of Nan- in the Far East in November 1940, cracy is absolutely necessary. This politiclans of appeusement. And price approved in all the
the capitals.
fish, King's unoffending people. Hitler, Chiang Kal-slick, who was for con- would provide an opportunity for The old Red herring is a useful having accomplished it, they used
was opposed by effective discussion
of questions this conquest,
its turn, a base deserves an order of the German too, manifested his displeasure in na tinued struggle,
higher class than the one German misglan, recognised "Man--were powerful Chinese politicians
uncertain way. He
recalled the many domestic reactionaries, There which now give rise to urmed for new adventures, beyond the
they
Lindbergh,
clashes. It Have to Charlie
put the Fascists would frontiers of the Reich now, even be say nothing of the star of the Balian chukua," and, in a number of rant- who, while paying Up-service to col in their proper place as a tiny mino-
democracies,
of traitors in the mklst of n yond Europe. From the first mo Empire and the Grand Carden of Ing speeches, denounced the Chinese laboration with the
With a single dip people as a race of sub-humans hope- were actually waiting to see which people determined to throw off the ment of Nazi uscendancy in Ger the Rising Sun.
irssly debauched by "Bolshevism." way the cat would jump. Munich yoke of the invader. And the people minded offelals racked their brains many, the carefully built cutposts of its tall, it has been able to dispel
every apprehension that
themselves have Surprisingly, however, not' only fin that might
would be proof against all they installed in every land became stood in the way of the Fuchrers and did no Sino-German break occur, but as to how they could use Lease- demagogs, because they would have not merely outposts but front the Duces, the Fifth Columns and China's potential Quislings picked Lend materials for purposes of civil tangible rains to defend
the
Every particle of foreign aid to essential links in the German Fascist Quisling's and Wang Ching-wel's this moment to demonstrate the con- war New developments like
now dirtying up the world.
tinuance of their friendship with the Soviet-Japanese Neutrality plan of universal dominion.
Pact, such a Ching would have ten fuld But that was a long time ago. The Nazis. Newspapermen who were in which did not affect Moscow's aid to anti-Axis value. smell of the fish was still sweet und Hankow in the spring of 1938 will China but is now recognised as un unalloyed, and Wang Ching-wel was remember the painfully protesque lor exploit contradictions he-
tween Tokyo and Berlin, were Gradually but not slowly, oficers very high official during which ful-
to prove that all c Well, it was in China, after the last fearned Prussian methods and were some bouquets were thrown at the war, that defeated Germany made indoctrinated
were traitors-almost in Japanese with Nazi ideas. many. German correspondents prepay. Lending intellectuals who had her first efforts to regain a share in Pellce technicians fleeked to Berlin sent, and one of these correspondents, given articulate form to the Chinese world trade. All relatively undere- loped countries require commercial relations with strong industrial powers which can supply them with machine-made goods and with the equipment they need for their own Industrialisation. And China Jike other countries of precarious inde- pendence those of the Near East and Spanish America for instance-inside German merchants welcome because to learn from Himmler how to or a indy born in Tokyo, carried on a appeasement. A statement was Germany was week; and because she anise a Gestapo and trustworthy spirited conversation with the host Issued in the name of the General- had no army and navy to transform storm troops. The official Chinese of the evening, who had been educatissimo expressly bracketing Japan
press began to play up Hitler and ed there—in the Japanese language, and
and Germany as aggressive powers, economic influence into political and Russolini as models of leaders who Ambassador Trautmann, his useful- and was promptly cabled out by nii military pressure.
had achieved the national emancipa- ness over, falled to reappear. But the agencies. The Nazi pressmen, tion of their peoples. The civil war "journalists" (the representative of protested to
their friends. Tele- The profits of trade gained in this went on, the Japanese were bought the Voelkischer Beobachter was also buzzed and angry voices ex- way, and the Anglo-American lu- off with territorial concessions, and head of the Nazi Ortsgruppe in the
While the correspon~ vestments that flowed into German to think was trenson punishable by capital), merchants,
who had called it and
day, were Take mil-Nazi
per enjoying themselves at an omelal industry, when I proved that it could death.”
and to dinner a member of the Publicity Germany's ambition was to create suasion, ebntinued to stay sell its goods, were the things that in Eastern Asia a solid anti-Com- prosper.
Ministry sent out messages to the put the German trusts back on their munist, bloc" composed of a Fascist It venu at the fronts that the head, offices of their
only
respective Japan and a Fascist China-safely Germans were made to feel that any agencies telling them to omit the re- silted to herself and under all cir- one had heard, even remotely, of the ference to the Third Reich. Ind Besides machine-made goods, Ger- u
cumstances hostile to the U.S.S.R. Berlin-Tokyo partnership, After signed it with. their names. many exported demobilised army This result
result could not be obtained packing off 0 few Nazi wrliers,
sent word to Head- It was only when the American officers who appeared as "military unless both the national movement the generals advisers" in a number of widely of the Chinese people against Japan quarters that they wanted no more eadquarters of one news organisa- scattered places. The armed forces and the social aspirations of China's guests from the enemy's ally. The lion radioed its representative to tell peasants and working men ere soldiers and people of China, who him that unfortunately his original which Chinese Nationalism thoroughly and finally suppressed. smushed the warlords had been built it was also impossible, on the other were carrying on the war understood message had been put on the wires
clearly who their friends were and that the whole business
before the correction came through
was dia- up with the aid of Soviet experts, hand, if Japan and China were at who their enemies.
qulek compromise but after the suppression of the Left War-unless
Munich brought sogrifees to China covered-and the offcials concerned in 1927, these were sent home. To was arrived at, or China was utterly as well as to every other country had to apologise to the Press, ex- defeated and incorporated into the fighting, or wishing to fight, for free had been due to reluctance to inter- plataing that their strange methods succeed them, and to help in anti- Japanese system. Consequently, dor
dom. The green light given to Hitler Communist operations, Nanking Im- Germany exerted all her efforts to in Czechoslovakla was a go-ahead upt what had undoubtedly been a ported a number of Germans. These back the pro-Japanese ministers in signal also to the Japanese to stride very convivial party. Germans were not sent by the Re- the Chinese Government in their publican Government which was opposed, at least ofleinlly, and the suppression of ali, progress protection of this aren, and of its respondents afone-as though they
in Berlin, policy of compromise with Tokyo backyard or South Chinn, the
China As Market
X effort to
incse
But how does this concern China? Premier af the Chinese Republie, spertaele of a reception given byists, liberals and democrats)
fect.
with
to their employment. They came
By I. EPSTEIN
author of "People's War".
within their own country.
people's longing for freedom and in- dependence found their mouths stop- ped and, rather than perform the expected bows towards the seats of power, packed up and left for Hong-
song and other points abroad.
At the same Lime, Chungking's! foreign press was treated to a de- monstration of the under-cover power of pro-Axis elements-the trag.c-comic neme of latter-day
dents.
Then, a few days later, another of Hongkong. the dinner was given to the Nazi cor- metropolis of Canton, the Chinese had not been sufficiently honoured High Command had relied not on its when their purely unemelal objec
dustrialists and the new Faselst
British Empire. Munich allowed the sion through diplomatic channels There wns no conflict here Japanese to ignore this factor and was deemed reason enough to garble shadow-government.
The first to arrive in Nanking was with Tokyo's polley. of swallow- when the city fell, Hankow too had a communication from the Chief of
ing China unresisted. Although to be abandoned.
State himself.
from the camp of the millionaire in- Japan's Policy own forces but on the prestige of the tion-not even dignified by transmis
Russo-German War
The German attack on the Soviet
Colonel Bauer, a friend of Luden- Jupan wanted for more than At the same time, China caught the dorff and Hitler. The second, Krie- Germany would be happy to let her backwash of the wave of domestle bel, was an important figure in the have, since Berlin did not wish to reaction that then swept over the Nuzi Porty. Somewhat later these see even an ally too strongly en- world. Democracy had taken giant "advisers" kave place to a regular trenched, the agreement between in outbreak of the war. The great Wang Ching-wet cleared the issuce the strides In the country following the Union and Berlin's recognition of military mission, organised by Gen- two soon found its reflection eral Von Seeckt, the
the man who creat Japanese diplomacy. Pressing on wave of
national liberation, to which intrigue in China.
ed the Relch's "pocket army" after China to crush all manifestations of cause ofpular enthusiasm for the but it did not put an end to Axis the defeat of Versailles and made, it nationalism and expel British and the Government also was committed,
emclent nucleus for the American Investments from the seemed to have swept away forever Though no voice is raised openly Wehrmacht of to-day. The mission country, the Japanese militarists de- the familiar China of civil war, in- in favour of Germany in Chungking remained for many years and, was nanded niso that the country join ternal suppression, and treason in to-day, the Fifth Column so care- headed successively by Generals the Anti-Comintern Pact, the Nazt high places. Now the forces of fully hammered together since 1935 Wetzel and Von Falkenhausen-the bluc-print of future: anti-Soviet backwardacis began to
ve themselves. same Von Falkenhausen who, as fronts on two continents. Sucty
reassert continues to operate, and to bide its Chinese Munichmen
nen time. Secret instructions to its mem commander of the Nazi forces of requirement was, first embodied in emerged to argue that not dema-bers in positions of influence laid accupation, is now shooting hostages the notorious Hirain programme of eracy, but a police stale, was needed down three
principles. Finally,
of policy for In Belgium and the Netherlands. 1930 and retained after the outbreak to carry the country through its or the "transition period."
they of the Snese war in a whole deal People's organisations were were to strengthen all domestic ter series of
smashed. Here and there,
active dendes towards Fascism and to to Generalissimo Chiang
Leftists were tortured, then busled
of
criticism. All these men not only made their
Axis embassies in his alive, just as in the und old days. Secondly,
to influence felt in the Chinese Army
puppet Within a few months of the fall of prepare reliable" armed forces for administration Hankow, the first military clashes civil war. With regard to the Jhter- men for Germany's sceret arms in swore loyalty to the tenets of the occurred on the internal front. dustry, obtaining orders that fanced pact immediately after its formation.
Undercover Contacts
and Government, but neted as sales- Wang
the
C Capitals. The
new planta being built up surrep Following the German-Soviet Non- Chickens Of Munich
suppressione right wor
national situation, a polloy-of-watch- ful waiting was to be adopted. The Interdependence of these principles was strikingly indicated by Crescen-
the
Call of
When after the Sion incident, decisive, collapse ways wanted, the Smolensk. The signal for a
war was to be a decisive Ger-
Uittourly both within the Reich and
and Aggression Pact of 1980, the anti- in the form of Krupp subsidiaries in Coinintern" plank in the Japanest Meanwhile, in the world arens, the docs of press denunciation of the Left other
ther countries.
ermany's aircraft
platform
was ostensibly dropped, chickens of Munich weis coming which coinelded with manufacturers
Minsk
the evacuation and new To-day It Is, cropping up again in home to roost. Having obtained established, full
V: geheral political contacts were
full force.
what he had when
en the Lufthansa secured the cons tract for an ambitious airline to link China: found her sout, and the old collective securits. Hitler marched man al
victory in the U.S.S.R., accom Shanghal with Berlin. Although civil war gave place to a united front into Poland. After the winter lull, by a truce with "this:
Japan, which eventually broke down due to for armed resistance to Japanese en- the Naal blitzkrieg
MONTE CAPI would by then be busy Pungking, pushing Into Saviet
repeated its opposition. Its custern end croachment, a deadly blow was Polish successes in Western Europe. Siberia. Before they
dream The big words and small-couled, the Germans.
naRured their frieride under the "Eurasia" "trademark of swallowing the countryNest Nations, and the menly-mouthed
that mich ná Nazi airlines
airlines still function fully" but also at
would have
the Soviet Union In South America, strategy picture of what should be happening demagogy of Munich, came to their on its knees in six, it is good
After, Hitler rhme to power the in the Far East Berlin therefore logical conclusion in a world slting thing for China that they misenlet procotaiwan, intensified as Undercover sawi somdi spod na
plantat fion, in which the dominant adorn lated.
Leontinued to function within China strukk... not only at Nipponpence. actions that let the League of humans would be in rew
two
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