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DOGGONE IT!
THERE'S GOTTA BE!
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GRIN AND BEAR IT By Lichty
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Crossword Puzzle
ACROSS
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Thick in structure 11-Buperior breed
of sherp•. 12-Pursued, au kamu 14-Breast work
Withdraws from circulation
17-peale of trie 10-Plint part of
ame
of government in Finland
20-MANTO Name
21-Runatan emperor as-ruzzente
lerce, ka with
spear:
28-Adjust
20-Most beautiful
With maiden nam
29-That which raises
31-Oprug forth
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3. Thlo aloh
18 Finled
43-Part of "to be" 43-fas presentiment 46-Chopping tool 48-bielled lock
trea
48-Kind of t simleite with teeth $0-Emoglhe
52 To na watent
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bottom part of thos
6-Deserved
30-Devotions? prayers
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By LARS Morris
ANSWER TO
PREVIOUS PUZZLE
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20
4-Unity
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7-trees (French) 8-Opening wager in
poker
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brightnes
10-Qultural articulation. 22-Devillah 23-itrbrew atringed
musical instrument
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30-Strive for berfority 11=This thing, Ja 1431embers of
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Mazachusetts 36-Wanted indiy 37-Looks up to 30-EXTERYgant action
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40-Kanan 41-Peffutinaces 44-One who sella $7Veeble-minded 49--threat of human
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67-Boak fax
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I
Saturday,
HONGKONG TELEGRAPH
September 13, 1941.
By Walt Disney
WALT
THE NEWS:
what is true and what is false
By EDWARD MONTGOMERY
It
AM a newspaper man.
is my whole-time job all day and every day to follow the news as it comes in and to try to alft out of that newe what is important and what is true.
Now, as you read your newspaper, or as you listen to your news bulletin on the radio, you have to do exactly the same thing. You often hear people express one or the other of two extreme views: 'Of course, it's true- I saw it in the paper,' says one. You can't believe any thing you read_nowadays, says another. Neither of these extreme views, like most extreme views, is any good. Some news you see in newspapers is true and some is false. Some is both true and false at the same time. How can you, reading your newspaper, or listening to your radio, sort out in your own mind how much is truc and how much. is false? In order to do that, first of all you must have clearly in the back of your mind a picture of how that news you read or hear is gathered.
News Agencies
In the main, the news- papers and the radio rely for their news on the great news agencies. They ure names you all know Reuters, -. United Press of America, AB- sociated Press of America, Press Association, British United Press and the other smaller agencies serve special needs. AN these agencies are private enter- prises,
and run
served
by free men, subject only to the limitations of such cen- sorship as may be applied in the individual countries.
They depend for the truthful- ness or otherwise of the news they send out on the veracity and integrity of their corres- pondents, and upon the know- ledge and good judgment of the editors who prepare the copy they get from those cor- respondents for general dis- tribution over the tape ma- chines.
Sifting The News
In distinction to these frec news agencies are the con- trolled news agencies of, the totalitarian states. Control of the news in the totalitarian states is much more than merely a question of rigid censorship. Each one has its own official news agency, and it is only through the official news agency that news is al- lowed to be distributed. In Germany it is, the Deutsche Nachricten Buro, usually known as D.N.B. for short.. In Italy it is the Stefani Agency, and in Japan the Domel Agency. These are the three chief ones, although there are similar agencies in other dictator-ruled coun- trica...
*
work of news gatherers and news sorters and news distri- butors operating all over the world-some working freely and some rigidly controlled to serve the political ambitions of n dictator and his Govern- ment-let us get down to the actual newspaper you read, or the news bulletin you hear on your radio. Let us take the
newspaper 38 the typical example, although in many ways the radio bulletin is pre- pared in the same manner. Into the newspaper offices which publish your. news- paper flows this great stream of news from all over the world. It has already been somewhat condensed, sifted, and verified. But no newe- paper could ever publish all the hundreds of thousands of words which arrive by that. stream. Therefore, the edi- tors of your newspapers have to condense and gift again. They also have to verify again, because, like the news agencies, they are get- ling, not only the news from sources they know they can rely upon, but from many other sources which may not be at all reliable.
of, or in the introduction to, almost every newspaper story you read. These phrases tell you who and where the news comes from. How can you tell whether those sources are reliable or not reliable?
In free countries you can take it that the truth or fal- sity of a report has been pret- ty carefully checked and veri- fied before it is sent out for publication. The editors of newspapers and news agencies In free countries cannot afford not to tell the truth be- cause if they made a practice of publishing reports which
are
carc
afterwards proved by events of otherwise to be un- true, their reputation and,-! their prosperity would very quickly vanish. But in the dictator-controlled countries that is not so. They don't a Continental whether the news they put out is true · or false so long as it serves their immediate political pur- pose. Therefore, in asses- ing the news you read from sources in any dictator-con- trolled country you must al- ways think of the possible pur- poso for which it has been put out. I'll give you a minor example.
Sensational Story
In the new kind of pro- paganda warfare there The Sunday following the are many false stories de- invasion of Russia by Ger- liberately put out by the many was a day of wild ru- agents of the Axis Powers mours. A report was brought -that-it-is-important-that--to me. It was a news agency--
members of the public should be able to analyse the news for themselves. The following article, from "London Calling," is by a trained newspaper. man, who sets out a few
useful tips.
are
message from Stockholm. It said that a Stockholm news- paper had published a story, which quoted Moscow Radio for the statement that n Treaty of Alliance between the United States, Grent Britain and Russia was under consideration, Now, as you can imagine, that statement You may ask "Why do they within a few hours of war ever bother with
sources breaking out between Ger- which they have reason to many and Russia was pretty suspect
unreliable?' sensational. It might have Even a born liar may tell the been true. On the face of it, truth sometimes. Likewise, it looked fairly plausible. even the most unreliable Great Britain is fighting Ger- source of news
many. The United States is may oc- casionally put out a story helping her. Germany-attacks which is true.
Russia, Unless the
Therefore,
Great editor of your
Britain and the United States newspaper can, out of his knowledge and Russia all have a common experience. definitely interest in defeating Germany. reject a piece of news as be- Why not a Treaty of Alliance ing obviously untrue and de- by the three of them to carry signed to mislead his readers, out their common purpose? in fairness to those readers he has got to publish it, for it. ay be true--and if it should' happen to be true, then his readers should know it. In other words, in a free coun- try, where people can think for themselves, final judgment upon the truth or falsity of a plece of news, or an expres- sion of views, must reat with the individual reader of hearer. That individual is you.
and
The Source
.:
at
Now, how can you, as an.. individual, make some tempt to form a judgment on the nows you read and hear? The point about these. You can do it in very much the totalitarian, news agencies is
same way as the newspaper that they are directly control- man does it as I do it every , led by the Government of thế được n
country concerned through its Ministry or Department of Propaganda. The only news they are allowed to put out la that which in the opinion of the Government and of the Propaganda Minister is best calculated to serve the politi. cal interests and ambitions of the Government.
Now, with that
^ in your mind of s trên
The first thing to consider is the source of the news: The source of the news is-usually given in what newspaper men call the by-line and the date, line: From Our Own Corres pondent, Ankara, Monday
From Bomewhere in the Mid, die East June 28th From Associated Press, New
But just let us think about it for a minute, as I had to do on thất hot Sunday afternoon. First, It
from
Stockholm.
came
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controlled country, but it is a centre often used by the Germans to plant news stories. On that fact alone, the story begins to be slightly suspect. Next, it comes from a newspaper which says it la quoting Moscow Radio. "How are we to know whether a a responsible person on that newspaper nelually heard that Moscow Radio making statement? Somebody might have FOOD KITCHENS
the
told one of the reporters on_that paper that he had heard it on Mos cow Radio, and the reporter might have taken his word for it. That somebody might have been a der- man agent, for all we know. The story looks more and more suspect. So we begin to check up. Has the story appeared from any other source? No. Funny that no one else. heard Moscow Radio make such a sensational statement.
THE
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And another thing: Russia had been generally regarded as practi=" cally an ally of Germany up to a few hours beform. Russia was not generally regarded as being on the friendliest terms with either Great Britain or the United States. Ir it Likely, therefore, that negotiations for an outright alllante three- should bewirt within w
a few. Khours of the German attack on *Rumiu? & Treaties For Vo
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