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HONGKONG TELEGRAPH
June 25, 1941.
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Wednesday, Juno 25, 1941.
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THE prefix "Special to the Telegraph Indirate nows which is strictly copyright
is used by the "engkong Telegraph" to
under the provisions of the Telecommuni- estions Ordinaner, 1936. Buch news, an
bears the indication Uge is received
Hongkong on the date of publication by the United Press Associations, who r servo all rights and forbid republications, Arrangement
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WINNING BATTLE OF
THE SKIES
AGAINST the broad canvas of a conflict which, with its latest
KAGEÒR
ODESSA
IWANDERED for
Kherson
NIKOPI
Dnieper
PERSTROI ELECTRICITY
ALEXANDROVSK,
Moriupol
SEA OFAZOV.
The Ukraine is news. Germany's attack on Russia has again made people say that Hitler covets the richest province in the U.S.S.R.
HARRISON BROWN, traveller and author, who has made many trips around the world and is familiar with the Ukraine, here presents this factual article.
speak
who guessed "too well what it Would mean for themselves, did. nothing to help the peasant un- derstand.
The attempt on the part of the Government to force. hun- dred per cont. communism down their throats proved a costly failure.
The famine years of 1932 and 1933 were less the result of ellmatic conditions, than of re- fusal on the part of the Ukraini- an peasant to reap or sow. The harvest was got in largely by townspeople and forced labour.
The volte-face came with the so-called Stalin Statute, by which the peasant is allowed to possess an nero or two of land of his own and a few domestic animals. To-day there are 27,- 000 collective farms and all but 10 per cent. of agricultural land In the Ukraino is cultivated by State forms or collectives. The Government may be said...to have retreated, but it was a re- treat which brought victory.
☆
INDUSTRIAL
IND
develop-
ment is even more im- portant. Everywhere one sees new plants in operation or in course of building. Operated by the nine giant turbines of the Dnieper Dam are enormous metal and chemical works, of which the aluminium plant alone produces more than the total production of France. There is another near by which produces more pig iron than the whole of Poland,
In Kharkov they make every- thing from biscuits. to locomo- tives. The huge trictor plant is famous. So also are the great turbine and electric generator works.
aro.
days through the richest land on earth, the Socialist Republic of the Ukraine. Through its pretty that- ched roof villages and over its collective
Under the Tanrs the Ukraini- the U.S.S.R. Of these 23,000,-
Accompanying this is a pro- farms; in the crowded
RNS were, of course, an op- 000 are Ukrainians, the rest digious improvement in educa- streets of its capital, pressed people, to such an ex- Russians, Moldavians, Jews, tion. Before the Revolution 60 Kiev, of its great port tent that even their language Poles, Germans, with a sprinkl- per cent. of the population was Odessa, and of Khar- was not allowed to be taught. ing of Tartars, Gipsics and illiterate. To-day there kov, its chief industrial In 1918 the great landowners other races. In area the coun- more youngsters in the Ukraine called in the Germans and the try is nearly as large as Ger- enjoying higher education than there are in Nazi Germany. centre.
country lay under a ruthless oc- many, in the combined wealth There are 27,000 medical stu- My general impression is cupation which, incidentally, of its mineral and agricultural dents alone, 80,000 in the resources it for exceeds that Agricultural Colleges, and 11,- developments, has virtually be that this most coveted, and has not been forgotten.
country.
000 more in the Universities for come a world war, the signi- therefore most strategically Then came Allied interven-
specialised agricultural work. ficance of the daylight offensive dangerous, territory repre- tionists and a period of civil
important by the R.A.F. over northern sents one of the greatest war. Between December, 1918,
It is customary to one as dustrial area in the count ins Bolshevik successes.
To a and August, 1919, Kiev saw France during the past four days
of workers become trained is, perhaps, liable to lose its created that best of all bul- an end to the time of burning
very large extent they have fourteen different Governments a country of untold natural re- its own air club and thousands
rise and fall. There came then sources.
pilots in their spare time. Ac-. correct perspective and to be warks against aggression villages, but not an end of trou-bulous resources the Ukraine more than 100,000 applications Yet even in this land of fa- cording to a published report, regarded, in well-known military from outside, a contented ble.
ranks easily first. To-day the for such training have been re- parlance, as merely "local acti-population. It was not al-
For ten years the Ukraine Ukraine, in which lies the fam- ceived so far this year. vity." But the figures of re-ways so.
was a more or less dissatisfied aus Donetz Basin, produces 75
Of what the actual military lative German and British losses
member of the Soviet Union, per cent. of the coal mined in Even three or four years culminating in definite seces- the U.S.S.R.; the same per- defences of the Ukraine consist are too arresting to permit this valuation. The Nazis, with all might easily have
ago attack from outside alonist uprisings during the centage of iron; 85 per cent. of le anybody's guess. The terri been famine years of 1992 and 1938. the nation's sugar and 35 per tory is part of the great Euro- the advantages of a defensive accompanied by sporadic
In 1932 Stalin appointed cent, of its total grain crop. In pean plain and lacks all natural fighting unit have lost 118 planes revolt within the country Postycheff "Secretary" to the addition it is first in production frontiers on the West, a fact Central Executive Committee of of electric power. In 1932 cot- which most certainly has not (for certain) against the itself. To-day that seems the Ukraine, in plain English ton was grown for the first time been overlooked by Marshal
Voroshilov. R.A.F.'s 80-a ratio of nearly out of the question.
Postycheff was made dictator in the southern districts. four to one.
with carte blanche to suppress
But for a rich and coveted The Ukrainians are a gay all autonomous leanings.
There are now 400,000 acres under this crop and as a con- land the attitude of the inhabi- are their folk dances and
importance also.. It was that balalaika orchestras famous Union and one of the most con-
most prosperous province of the requires to import cotton.
which I came to see, and what. world. tented."
To a very large extent indeed I have seen convinces me that throughout the
the general Improvement is due an attack on the Ukraine would Dancing and music bubble superiority of the British pilots. [forth as the natural expres- million or about twenty per peasants did not understand It might even prove an execu- The population is over thirty to Dictator Postycheff. The prove no picnic for the attacker. sion of the Ukrainian tem- cent, of the total population of collectivism and the Kulaks, tion block. perament.
+
These figures give part of the people. Not for noting To-day the Ukraine is the sequence the U.S.S.R. no. longer tants is a factor of the utmost
picture. They demonstrate the greatness of the new Spitfires and re-emphasise the undoubted
NO
MORE "FRONT LINES
They illustrate that whereas the Nazi airmen, when they invade Britain, seldom escape with an adverso ratio of losses of much
In other ways, too, the Ukraine is different. The Icss than three to one, the R.A.F., when they take the war and more swarthy than the people are bigger, healthier into the enemy's camp, can re muddy - faced Muscovites. occupies two towns 100 milles THE enemy, we will imagine, tain at least the same favourable Although enslaved for gen- apart. Immediately, on our war NOW proportion of losses in men and
erations, they have never
maps, we draw a line between men- those two towns, and acquired the slave The other side of the picture tality, and this no doubt There is the new battlefront. given is that Britain is more accounts for the amazing
This conception of "lines" and and more attaining the position speed with which they are
"fronts" dates from the last where she can raid Germany and now, developing.
war. In this war of movement, German-occupied territory with
It is often old-fashioned and dau- gerous.
AND HELP · RAISE THE WIND FOR THE ROYAL AIR FORCE
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COUNT. THE "TELEGRAPHS” EVERYWHERE
machines.
which the last four days have
as much intensity as the Nazis attacked England last year that she can, in fact, take the full
THE countryside, too, is
Tdifferent. The villages
tho
say,
Of course, when fronts become
22.
between them and their com- rades in front, the latter would have had to come back-if they
By Major E. W. Sheppard could.
If they could not, they would have by fire from flanks or rear, and been destroyed. by night by patrols.
Anyhow, it is quite wrong for us nowadays to think that because two So, In this sort of warfare, all fast-moving columns 30 miles apart, that a "line" can show is a gen- Have advanced 30 miles dicep indo eral trace of the foremost de- conquered all the country behind.
enemy territory, they have therefore fended areas,
then or in between them.-
They have not. All they have really taken and held is the ground they themselves actually occupy, as
*
*
initiative in the combat for aerial look cleaner with their little stabilised as they did in Al- A string of beads without the stond. supremacy, and that British whitewashed cottages, their banla troops on both aides the string-would beta better what they have tlone in to disrupt supremacy is more and more cherry orchards and flower gar- could dig in, and real lines could way of showing the real position, the connections between the hostile becoming a realisation.
dens. Mr Churchill was not using with
defended areas, and to threaten and They contrast strongly be formed, not at first but by
But in mobile warfare, even possibly to cut lines of communico- vain and empty words, nor was coloured wooden shacks and
unpainted, dun-slow degrees. he indulging in bravado when he houses of the North and, East. continuous "line" of twenty-five especially nowadays with highly tion and of rearward communication Even so, there was not the sion. In that sort of fighting these lines of inter-communica-
that device gives a false impres- tion to the rear. promised Russia that Britain Klov, their capital city on the would Intensify, the war against Dnieper, is one of the most years ago. Modern defences are mobile forces columns thrust cannot be restored, then the resis Germany as a result of the Naz! beautiful towns in Russia, not organised in that way.
consolidation of this offensive.
☆
☆☆
well ahead through or round the lance of these isolated defended areas cannot be prolonged, because their enemy, going deep into his terri- material means of fighting will be ex- tory, regardless of what forces hausted.
onslaught against the Soviet. The Promler backed up his words by actions-actions which he knew could be taken because No direct appeal from Mr Chur- They are, usually, small areas of his they are leaving behind. The job of dealing with theso at Jong last the country is in a chill to this Colony could be more prepared to meet all-round at
Moreover, the knowledge that this Ragumo position to
an aerial emphatic than the news of the tack-and there are lots of hostilo forces is left to slower is no mny demoralise the garrisons offensive on a major scalo.. Inst four days. Britain is win-thom behind the foremost ones; and heavier bodies of troops and cause them to surrender or re-
coming up behind vary often a treat at once. The knowledge is vastly en- ning the battle of the skies, and These provide "defence in long way behind. couraging and must surely serve Hongkong has a glorious oppor-depth." Their purpose is to to inspire the people of Hongtunity to contribute towards the "cushion" the attack, and slow- Sometimes in France these those mobile forces that have pushed kong to support to the limit the final and conclusive elimination it up until it is finally checked reinforcing troops were 50 or conquered but not tili Ühen. Bomber Fund, which is the of the Luftwaffe and the aveng or repulsed by counterattack, even 100 miles in rear of the Colony's one" sure method of ing of London, Coventry,
mechanised troops. helping to supply the R.A.F. Southampton, Portsmouth and The spaces between those with the machines most needed the other blitzed cities of Bri-small defended areas are usually If they had failed ba clear up. It is as out of date as castles and for the successful conduct" and "tain:
open. By day, they are covered the enemy contres of resistance: crossbows.
Then the country in the rear of
so far ahead can really be said to be
So let us got out of bur heads this. Idea of "lines" and continuous fronta in the mobile warfaro of to-day.
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