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Wednesday,
HONGKONG TELEGRAPH ~~ June 25, 1941
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The
Thongkong Telegraph.
Wednesday, June 25, 1941.
Wyndham St, Hongkong Telephone: 26615
THE prefix "special to the Telegraph indicate news which is strictly copyright
Is used by the "Hongkong Telegraph" to
under the provisions of the Telecommuni- cations Ordinance, 1930. Such news AS
Richest
POLAND
Norgrod
Burdilther
Land on
RUSSIA
OKIEV "Romy
KR
Earth
RUSSIA
BOKHARKOV
Ρυζιανα Σταύλος
Yelisav
ONIEPER DAM
Aponier
KNIVOY ROG
NIKOPOL,
KARTOR
ODESS
WANDERED for
days through the richest land on earth, the Socialist Republic of the Ukraine. Through its pretty that- ched roof villages and
bears the indication "U" I received in over its collective
Hongkong on the date of publication by the United Press Associations, who ra serve all rights and forbid republications, Arrangement
either wholly or in part without previous
WINNING BATTLE OF THE SKIES
AGAINST the broad of a conflict which, with its latest
canvas
developments, has virtually be come a world war, the signi- ficance of the daylight offensive
by the R.A.F
over northern
France during the past four days
SEA
Kherson
ERINOSLAV
ELECTRICITY Stalin
PALEXANDROVŠK,
Melitopol
Mariupol
SEA OF AZOV
The Ukraine is news. Germany's attach on Russia has again made people say that Hitler covels the richest province in the U.S.S.R.
HARRISON
BROWN, traveller and author, who has made many trips around the world and is familiar with the Ukraine, here presents, this factual article.
*
who guessed too well what it would mean for themselves, did nothing to help the peasant un derstand.
The attempt on the part of - the Government to force bun- dred per cent, communism down their throats provel a costly iniluro.
The famine years of 1932 and 1933 were less the result of climatic conditions than of re- fusal on the part of the Ukraini- an penuant to reap or sow. The harvest was got in largely by townspeople and forced labour.
The volte-face came with the so-called Stalin Statute, by which the peasant is allowed to possess an acro or two of land of his own and a few domestic animals. To-day there are 27,- 000 collective farms and all but 10 per cent. of agricultural land in the Ukraine is cultivated by State farms or collectives. The Government may be said to have retreated, but it was a re- treat which brought victory.
INDUSTRIAL
develop
ment is even more im- portant. Everywhere one sees new plants in operation or in course of building. Operated by the nine giant turbines of the Dnieper Dam are enormous metal and chemical works, of which the aluminium plant alone produces more than the total production of France. There is another near by which produces more pig iron than the whole of Poland.
In Kharkov they make every- thing from biscuits to locomo- tives. The huge tractor plant is famous. So also are the great turbine and electric generator. works.
there are
Under the Tsars the Ukraini- the U.S.S.R. Of these 23,000,- farms; in the crowded
Accompanying this is a pro- Ans were, of course, an op- 000 are Ukrainians, the rest digious improvement in educa- streets of its capital, pressed people, to such an ex- Russians, Moldavians,
Jews, tion. Before the Revolution 60 Kiev, of its great port tent that even their language Poles, Germans, with a sprinkl-.per cent. of the population was Odessa, and of Khar- was not allowed to be taught. ing of Tartars, Gipsies and illiterate. To-day kov, its chief industrial In 1918 the great landowners other races. In area the coun- more youngsters in the Ukraine called in the Germans and the try is nearly as large as Ger- enjoying higher education than centre.
country lay under a ruthless oc- many, in the combined wealth There are 27,000 medical stu- there are in Nazi Germany. My general impression is cupation which, incidentally, of its mineral and agricultural dents alone, 30,000 in the resources it far exceeds that Agricultural Colleges, and 11,- that this most coveted, and has not been forgotten.
country.
000 more in the Universities for therefore most strategically Then came Allied Interven-
specialised agricultural work, dangerous, territory repre- tionists and a period of civil
Almost every important in- T is customary to speak sents one of the greatest war. Between December, 1918, Bolshevik successes. To a and August, 1919, Kiev saw of the Soviet Union as dustrial arca in the country has very large extent, they have fourteen different Governments a country of untold natural re- its own air club and thousands is, perhaps, liable to lose its created that best of all bul- an end to the time of burning
become of workers rise and fall. There came then sources.
trained pilots in their spare time. Ac- correct perspective and to be warks against aggression villages, but not an end of trou-
Yet even in this land of fa- cording to a published report, regarded, in well-known military from outside, a contented ble.
bulous resources the Ukraine more than 100,000 applications parlance, as merely "local acti-population. It was not al-
ranks easily first. To-day the for such training have been re- vity." But the figures of re-ways s0.
For ten years the Ukraine Ukraine, in which lies the fam- ceived so far this year. was a more or less dissatisfied ous Donetz Basin, produces 75 Intive German and British losses
Of what the actual military- Even three or four years iminating in definite seces- the U.S.S.R.; the same per- defences of the Ukraine consist
member of the Soviet Union, per cent, of the coal mined in are too arresting to permit this ago attack from outside sionist uprisings during the centage of iron; 85 per cent. of is anybody's guces. The terri- valuation. The Nazis, with all might easily have
been famine years of 1932 and 1993. the nation's sugar and 35 per tory is part of the great Euro- the advantages of a defensive accompanied by sporadic In 1932 Stalin appointed cent. of its total grain crop. In pean plain and lacks all natural fighting unit have lost 113 planes revolt within the country Postycheff "Secretary" to the addition it is first in production frontiers on the West, a fact Central Executive Committee of of electric power. In 1932 cot- which most certainly has not itself. To-day that seems the Ukraine. In plain English ton was grown for the first time been overlooked by Marshal out of the question.
Voroshilov. Postycheff was made dictator in the southern districta. The Ukrainians are a gay all autonomous leanings.
with carte blanche to suppress
There are now 100,000 acres
But for a rich and coveted people. Not for nothing
under this crop and as a con- land the attitude of the inhabi- are their folk dances and To-day the Ukraine is the sequence the U.S.S.R. no longer tants is a factor of the utmost importance also. It was that Union and one of the most con-
To a very large extent indeed I have seen convinces me that tented.
the general improvement is due an attack on the Ukraine would The population is over thirty to Dictator Postycheff. The prove no picnic for the attacker. sion of the Ukrainian tem- cent, of the total population of collectivism
and the Kulaks, tion block. perament.
(for certain) against the RA:F‚'s ̃30——a ̈ ̄ratio of nearly four to one.
These figures give part of the picture. They demonstrate the greatness of the new Spitfires and re-emphasise the undoubted superiorily of the British pilots. forth as the natural expres- million or about twenty per peasants did not understand It might even prove an execu-
balalaika orchestras famous most prosperous province of the requires to import cotton. which I came to see, and what
They illustrate that whereas the Nazi airmon, when they invado Britain, seldom escape with an adverse ratio of losses of much
throughout the world, Dancing and music bubble
In other ways, too, the
less than three to one, the Ukraine is different. The NO MORE "FRONT LINES"
R.A.F., when they take the war and more swarthy than the people are bigger, healthier into the enemy's camp, can re-
machines,
THE enemy, wo will imagine,
Buy,
between them and their com rades in front, the latter would have had to come back-if they
By Major E. W. Sheppard could.
tain at least the same favourable muddy-faced Muscovites occupies two towns 100 miles proportion of losses in men and Although enslaved for gen- apart. Immediately, on our war erations, they have never maps, we draw a line between The other side of the picture acquired the slave men- those two towns, and
If they could not, they would have by fire from flanks or rear, and been destroyed. which the last four days have tality, and this no doubt There is the new battlefront.
by night by patrols. given is that Britain is more accounts for the amazing
Anyhow, it is quità wrong for us and more attaining the position speed with which they are fronts" dates from the last This conception of "lines" and
So, in this sort of warfare, all fast-moving columns 50 miles apart, nowadays to think that because two where she can raid Germany and now developing. German-occupied territory with
war. In this war of movement,
that a "Une" can show is a gen- have advanced 60 miles deep into enemy territory, they have therefore it is often old-fashioned and dau-eral trace of the foremost de conquered all the country, behind
fended areas.
them or in between them.
*
gerous,
THE countryside, too, is different. The villages
as much intensity as the Nazis attacked England last year that she can, in fact, take the full
Of course, when fronts become initiative in the combat for aerial look cleaner with their little stabilised-as they did in Al- supremacy, and that British whitewashed
cottages, their bania-troops on both sides
They have not. All they liave really taken and held is the ground they themselves actually occupy, as
A string of beads-without they stand.
way
supremacy is more and more | cherry orchards and flower gar-could dig in, and real lines could the string-would be, a better dons. They contrast strongly be formed, not at first but by vain and empty words, nor was coloured
tho unpainted, dun-slow degrees,
becoming a realisation.
Mr Churchill. was not using with
wooden shacks and
I
What they have done is to disrupt of showing the real position, the connections between the hostile dofonded areas, and to threaten and But in mobile warfare, even possibly to cut lines of commurica- ho indulging in bravado when he houses of the North and East. continuous "Iino" of twenty-five especially nowadays with highly tlon and of reared, then the resis-
that device gives a false impres- tion to the rear. promised Russia that Britain Kiev, their capital city on the
sion. In that sort of fighting-If these lines of Inter-communica- - would intensify the war against | Dniepor, is one of the most years ago. Modern defences are mobilo. forces-columns: thrust cannot be restored, then the resis- Germany as a result of the Nazi beautiful towns in Russia. not organised in that way.
odalaught against the Soviet.
The Premier backed up his
words by actions-actions which consolidation of this offensive.
he knew could be taken because
No direct appeal from.Mr. Chur-
Even 80, there was not tho
well ahead through or round the tance of these isolated defended areas cannot be prolonged, because their onemy, going deep into his terri- material means of fighting will be ex- tory, regardless of what forces hausted. at long last the country is in a chill to this Colony could be more propared to meet all-round at-
They are, usually, small areas of his they are leaving behind. The job of dealing with those position to assume.
Moreover, the knowledge that this an aerial emphatic than the news of the tack-and there are lots of hostile forces is left to slower so may demoralise the garrisons offensive on a major scale. last four days. Britain is win them behind the foremost once, and heavier bodies of troops and cause them to surrender or re-
The knowledge is vastly en-ning the battle of the skies, and couraging and must surely serve Hongkong has a glorious oppor-depth." Their purpose is to long way behin
These provide "defence in coming up behind very often a treat at once."
Ind.
Then the country in the rear of to inspire the people of Hong- tunity to contribute towards the "cushion" the attack, and slow. Sometimes in France these so far ahead can really be said to be those mobile forces that have pushed kong to support to the limit the final and conclusivo elimination it up until it is finally checked reinforcing troops: Bomber Fund, which is the of the Luftwaffe and the aveng or repulsed by counter-attack. oven 100 miles Intre
were 50 or conquered-but not till then.... Colony's one sure method of ing of London, Coventry,
ar, of the helping to supply the R.A.B. Southampton, Portsmouth and The spaces between these mechanised troops. with the machines most needed the other bilized; cities of Bri- small defended areas are usually for the successful conduct and tain.
open. By day, they are covered the enemy centros of resistan 10 crossbows.
If they had failed to clòs.”
Bo let us get out of our heads this iden' of "lines" and continuous fronts: in the mobile warfare of to-day, * UP ft la un out of date as castios and