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Lessons of the
GREAT RETREAT FROM COLLECTIVE
partial or total failure the
SECURITY
contederated organa.
with
victims of it in Europe.
appropriate
IT needs a stout heart and Geneva as in the Foreign geographical remoteness or other If Viscount Cecil had addres- indomitable faith in the Offices they had left behind considerations.. Then he goes sed himself more to a clear ex-
on to say:
position of his "conclusions" them.. midst of such a war as this
than to the drafting of his "I believe all these defects would Will it be so to the end? be lessened if there were inside the sweeping indictment of Minis- to take a hopeful view of
I do not care to prophesy. framework of the League a confedera- ters for missing the boat at the League of Nations.
tion or confederations of geographical critical conjunctures, and com. But that it will be so for a ly related Powers
mitting, as he thinks, so many Shall we witness a joyful very long time in the years
"The most obviously necessary of inexcusable timidities and cow.
would return to the great palace after this war is sure. these bodies be a European ardly retreats, his book wouldi
central object of have been made more useful. "Nurse no extravagant Confederation, the at Geneva when the strug hopes" might usefully serve European peace,
which should be the preservation, of
Let a single example serve! gle is over and, the world as one of the humbler mot "It should be open to European After stating and rojecting the. makes its new start?-Will toes of any future League on the hip fun wereld is excuses made for the lamentable
cept principle that aggression the nations write off as a of Nations. As the author an International crime and are pre- handling by the British Govern...
sorrowfully hints on his fect victime all their strength to pro- nient
of Italy's aggression last page, where he distin- A European International General anys:
against Abyssinia, the author great experiment which was guishes between "the region Star and a Secretariat would be need
ed and possibly other organs....The begun after the last war? of political reform and that Confederation would not be subject to from the start and Will they try again on new of spiritual regeneration," authority, but would remain in close sion were not due to any reasonable the spiritual and moral at- touch with the League and act there- fear of the consequences to us and to and, perhaps, less preten-
with in closest co-operation.
France of League nellon against Italy. mosphere of Europe has not
It was the result of the view held at tious lines?
"Questions of seint and economie the time vigorously in France and ac- improved in the first four progress, including possibly a common tually, though not explicitly, in Britain Such questions may seem
that to regard prevention of war, by force if necessary, as our highest in- vain to many when our one-
terest and duty was a piece of viabon. Ary noumense, and that nothing of the kind should be attempted unless some Hongkong Telegraph. immediate concern is to
beat the enemy. Yet some decades of this century, currency and a common tarit policy, fragment of national territory or f
and it may be a Confederation fag, section of national trade whatever may be said of would doubtless arise. If, as is vital threatened." of the best brains should be
the old "iniquitics"-the ternational limitation of armaments is
for permanent peace, a scheme of in- That is too bitter. The truth thinking ahead in view of Balance of Power, Secret adopted, it right probably involve an would seem to be that as the in- eventual Peace Conference Diplomacy and the dynastic (rol of the European General Stall." faith in the efficacy, If not in the international air force under the con- ternational situation worsened, lest important decisions ambitions of Kings.
This brief outline can be filled doctrine, of collective security.
The
Sold Hore
HONGKONG
HOTEL GARAGE Stubbs Rd,
Tuesday, May 20, 1941, Wyndham St., Hongkong Telephone: 20615
THE prefix "Special to the Telegraph indicate newn which in strictly copyright
I used by the "Hongkong Telegraph to
under the provisions of the Telecommuni. cations
1930. Buch
bears the Indication "Up" I received in
Hongkong on the date of pubileation by the United Press Associations, who re- tion. serve all rights 'and forbid ropublications, either wholly or in part without' praviomi arrangement
"Not The feebleness of the action
the subsequent the control of any other international abandonment of resistance to aggres-
By J. B. FIRTH
WAR
also
should have to be taken. The most important chapter in out by reference to a Memoran- dwindled fast. The determina without adequate considera- this book is the last-in which dum submitted by the author to tion of most nations to keep out Viscount Cecil draws his "con- the League of Nations Union of the next war was strengthen- clusions." As might be expect- last year which is given as an ed by each recurrent crisis and He there whatever politicians might sny Europe is certain to be ed, he utterly scouts the idea of appendix to the book.
abandoning in despair the basic insists that whatever territorial on public platforms people were extremely war-weary when principle of the Covenant the and financial arrangements are coming to the conclusion that BALANCE SHEET
the last shot is fired-vic- prevention of war and collective made the two vital problems to unless some vital interest of
security against the aggressor. be solved must be the Main their country strike a tors as well as vanquished. He assumes that there must be tenance of Future Peace and threatened prudence counselled
- wag attempt
directly balance in the progress of the It was so in 1918. War-a League of some sort which Economic and Social Reconstruc- them to keep clear of the threat- greatest war in history shows weariness does not conduce embodies that principle, though tion.
ening storm. possibly built on different found- have to sound constructive emerged fairly well from the thought. struggle to date when full con- Aideration is given to their utter unpreparedness. The first wara,
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to
democracies the
beginning in the early part of
the last decade, can be merged for the sake of convenience into.
kans,
ations.
The first of these two prob- lems was faced by the Peace
hand.
He rejects the various Federa- Conference of 1919 which pro. tion schemes which are finding,duced the League and", "the Belgium's withdrawal from. support in some quarters. They Covenant. It will have to be her Locarno obligations was Those who would refresh would be no more acceptable, he faced anew and the practicabl-significant. Statos stood by col- lective accurity in principle, but memories almost necessarily than was, the scheme of Im- confederations of geographically they sought safety in Pacts of thinks, to the countries concern- lity of the suggestion of new confused by the swift pas perial Federation which the late related Powers should certainly Non-Aggression and-counting one long diplomatic struggle sage of exciting events and Lord Milner sponsored a quar- be thoroughly explored before without Hitler-in neutrality.
But the extreme brittleness of which the democracies lost all perpetually recurrent orises ter of a century ago.
The Dominion statesmen em- Russia presents special dif. collective security was never ex- along the line-in Manchuria, should turn to Viscount phatically turned down that pro- ficulties: Japan still more, es- plained to the public when they Abyssinia, Spain, Austria, Cecil's "A Great Experi-posal on the ground that their pecially if she maintains her were asked to make it the sheet Czecho-Slovakia and Munich. ment," published recently countries would never accept the claim to dominate the Western anchor of British foreign policy, rule of any Imperial legislature Pacific. These two Powers, in, and the eleventh hour was well On the field was lost the Battle by Jonathan Cape (165).or executive in which they deed, may take up an isolationist advanced before the National of France, the Battle for Nor-Few can have been better would each have only a minority attitude. Till the state of the Government began to grow way and the Battle of the Bal-acquainted with what went voice. The Constitution looked world-at-the-end-of-the-war is seriously-alarmed at the grave
fine on paper, but it would not known all is guess-work.
defects in the national defences, on behind the scenes than march. How can it be supposed, World economic conditions also Those grave defects, Indeed, We won the greatest victory he. He attended the birth therefore, that Great Britain, or may be catastrophic; and many, lay at the back of all the timidi- of the war ten months ago of the League at Versailles the United States, or France, or like Viscount Cecil, are demand- ties and delinquencies of British the Battle of Britain. With in 1919 and, as it were, indeed any country, large or ing that economic nationalism Prime Ministers and Ministers adopted the child as his small, would accept a Constitu- shall be "broken down." in their relation to collective
tion under which it might find It is easy to talk of “breaking security. can count the Battle of the At-special charge. He took a itself committed to war, or to it down" and easy to hold up the
foremost part in many of free trade, against its own wish, prospect of a common tarifE The fighting services had been lantic won, though we must its triumphs and some of its by A combination of other policy for Europe. But the iden scandalously let down. Great continue to suffer some losses. disasters.
States?
will probably prove as chimerical Britain was in no state to go to In Africa the issue is still
The author himself lende sup- a would be that of a common war and the Aggressors traded For the League he aban- port to a totally different plan of climate. The World Economic boldly upon her unreadiness. If cess of our troops in the north-doned all other political in- reform. He attributes in large Conference of a few years ago, Viscount Cecil had been as fear- a terrible fiasco, less an advocate of rearmament terests. In season and out measure "the lack of solidarity which was
Economic as he was of Collective Security of season he was its untir- and esprit de corps in the League should be a warning. uncertainty with regard to the ing champion and advocate. Powers which should have in- nationalism cannot be "broken his bitter indictment of British Arab peoples and the possible Though he calls this book duced them jointly and almost down" without breaking down foreign policy during the swing of French, Africa against an autobiography, most of on one of their number" to a But it ought to be greatly `modi- greater persuasiveness and! us by allowing the enemy to use the story is monopolised by want of imagination caused by fied.
weight. the League, as though he The fact that the Bulgarians himself did not begin to live are being asked to police more until he found his real call- territory to free Nazi troops ing and election in the ser- coupled with the activity of the vice of the League. Royal Navy round Gibraltar
America's help now, certain we
clouded despite the brilliant suc-
east because of two factors: the
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would seem to indicate that we It is not a thrilling story. are preparing some very strong The spectacle of an en- medicine for the enemy in the Middle East.
thusiast playing on his The defences of Britain have reached a stage ravaged heart-strings is al- when we can afford to release ways sorrowful. Nor is he troops for the Middle East from even now "to sorrow re- whore, indeed, it is not incon-
blow.
ceivable that invasion of the signed." When his indigna- continent might be made to sub-tion is not ablaze it is duo Italy, if not to effect a final smouldering, and it is direct- ed almost always against- Though the loss of the Suez British Ministers. He does Canal and
Gibraltar would not accept the view-which never reconcile us to defeat we many find easiest to accept shall make a great bid to main-that the League was born tain ourselves in the Mediter- ranean, We have won some before the world was ready notable victories in the three for its coming. Statesmen elements there against great and delegates who were odds and we shall press to con- supposed when they reach- The determination of the sur- ed Geneva to forget their
solidate them... ***
viving "democracies to force a auccessful conclusion to the war is stronger than ever; this factor, together with the know ledge that we are daily improv ing our military, resources, per mits, quiet confidence in the Anal outcome of the struggle,
nationalistic ambitions and think first of the general good of humanity signally failed to rise to the lofty standards, required. It is notorious that the spirit of intrigue was as rampant at
automatically to resist an attack every other form of nationalism, ten years would
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