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HONGKONG TELEGRAPH
May 3,
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The
BACK
OF
THE FRONTS
PHASES OF WAR AS SEEN BY UNITED PRESS CORRESPONDENTS
Dutch in
Indies 5
Million Men
Join City Watch For U. S. Army
By John M. Raleigh
BATAVIA, May 2-Every Saturday morning bankers, clerks, government officials and grocers gather at the old race course in Batavia to participate in the greatest social foveller-military training 1
...Dawn on any Saturday acea hundreda of green-uniformed Dutchmen clumbering out of expensive town cars, bicycles and taxis, rubbing the sleep from their eyes and scratching at rough regulation army tunics.
Then follows a weekly struggle with the manuni of arms, squads right, and physical exercise.
And reporting at six o'clock in the morning. is carly for colonials!
Drills continue until noon with platoons and companies engaging The men are volunteer mem- in all phases of army routine, bers of the Stadswacht, or "City from "how to stand at attention" Watch." During the Middle to advanced battle tactics.
Men who at other times dur- Aren, every Dutch city had its voluntary group of able-bodied ing the week sit in tenk-lined men who patrolled the streets at offices dispensing excellent cigars night and formed the nucleus of and the business advice of long a defence force if the city was experience sweat and obey com- mands shouted at them by junior clerks in their own firm.
attacked.
The revival of this old custom has become popular in the Netherlands East Indies.
Vital Problem
Good Response
When the Stadswacht was formed more than five times as Since the treacliery of German many men as needed volun- Fifth Columnists in May, when teered.
Hongkong Telegraph. Holland was invaded, Dutchmen
Saturday, May 3, 1941.
Wyndham St., Hongkong Telephone: 26015
THE prodx "Special to the Telegraph is used by the "Hongkong Telegraph" to indicate bowe which it strictly copyright under the provisions of the Telecommuni❤
sunns Ordinance, 1815, Buch new
bears the indication “UP” is received in flon kong on the date of publication by the United Prous Associations, who re- serve all rights and forbid republications, either wholly or in part without previous arrangement.
JAPAN'S LATEST
"PEACE TERMS”
EVERY now and then the Japanes nation conceives new plans designed either to give East Asla a new order or to readjust the affairs of the whole world with a few bold strukes of diplomacy and force. These ideus, as ingenuous as they are impossible. terve at least the purpose of rellev ing the minds of their Western
·cousins of some of the darker shades
in which they picture the character of the Nipponese; for it is incredible that the inventors of the latest world peace terms, published in yesterday's papers can be entirely slalster.
In a few brief passages the "Japan Times and Advertiser" disposes of Africa, which will be co-administered
which
in the East Indies have careful- ly considered the vital problem of maintaining order and pro- tection at home.
"The army must not feel that its rear is endangered in case of invasion; therefore the rebirth
Should war come to the Indies,
the Stadswacht will be completely motorised. Armoured cars and trucks are available to rush sec: tions armed with Chicago tommy guns and machine pistols to any part of Batavia that is threatened by parachutists or Fifth Column- Isis.
During training, portions of of the original home defence the Stadswacht are marched to corps!" said a Stadswacht staff native "Kampongs,"
pounds. Cartridge
| officer.
or com- cases
are
The enthusiasm shown by portly filled with blanks. Dutch burghers while doing rigor- Route marches toughen mus- ous calesthenics 14 surprising. Though their bones can often be cles, and getting used to tramp heard creaking audibly, tlicy keep ing along in the hot, tropical sun a determined grin on their faces. is considered well worth while.
South
Trend
By Pierre. Villere
NEW YORK, May 2Uncle Sam's army has passed the million mark, and when the present defence programme is com plote, five times that number of men will have been trained.
It has only been since the German drive to the Channel ports and the collapse of France in June last that the American public has realised how badly the nation needed to rearm,
During the twenty years of are acceptable. If they pass the peace after the World War, the final test, they are inducted into army lay dormant, As of May, the army, and assigned to vari- 1940, the only United States de- ous, army encampments over, the fenders were 242,814 men in the country. Regular Army, and 241,398 Na-
The recruit will find camp life tional Guards.
a pleasant combination of very As early as the last days of hard work, good, wholesome June, Congress hummed with food, and plenty of time for rest rumours of compulsory military and relaxation. When the men training, but it was not until have become hardened to the September 16, 1940, that Presi-
dont Roosevelt actually affixed outdoor life, they will embark on his signature to the Burke, a seven-week period of night Wadsworth Selective Service training. Act.
The final draft provided that all men between the ages of 21 and 36, regardless of race, re- ligion, or marital status, rust register with local boards, and thus become eligible for one year of military training.
16,000,000 Register
Men in Good Spirit
During each of the five years the selectivo service law Is in offoot, 900,000 men will undergo training. In addition to Wiese "selectees," the army will be re- Inforced with a backbone of the Regular Army, the National Guard, and some 45,000 Reserve officers.
Newspaper correspondents
On October 10. the day provided visiting camps in all parts of the for in the bill for registration, country report that, in every 10,000,000 Americans took time off case, the esprit de corps is good. from their jobs, stadies, or play. There have been isolated cases and registered.
of draft dodging, but that Those called up immediately Americans are solidly behind for service are taken before local President Roosevelt's defenca medical boards where they are effort is conclusively proven by examined, and sent on to Army, the constant flow of army in- Navy, and Marine Corps if they, duction centres."
America's Resources of Far of Policy East Mobilised
By Harry W. Frantz
WASHINGTON, May 2.-Possibility that the United States might be dragged into the war has caused unofficial speculation as to the repercussions that such involvement might have on the international policies of other American republics.
Essential points of speculation are how far the Pan Ameri- can diplomatic solidarity developed in the last decade might in- fluence military policies of individual American republics, and the extent to which inter-American consultation in grave emergencies might lead to co-operation along military lines.
By Henry Wood
SAN FRANCISCO, May 2.-During the past six months, Britain has organised and mobilised her Far Eastern Empire into a separate war industry arsenal to a far greater extent than the western world yet realises, according to a survey just completed - -by-the-Institute-of-Pacific-Relations.-
Decision to create a separate self-containing war industrial centre in the Empire "east of Suez" was taken at the con- ference at Delhi last October.
The conference was in session for one month, and all of its de- cisions were guarded as military
tite factory ercoled at Bangalore by the India Aircraft Co. which is capitalised at $15,000,000.
The Indian branch of the Im-
cals.
by the Axis and Britain, America,
From the diplomatic and sen- far different than existed during, secrets, according to the survey perial Chemical Industries is will be held Hawail.
n1 Europe, which will be governed by timental standpoint, the rela. the last war. the Axis, Siberia, which will be de- tions of Latin American re- The American republics also militarised, world fleets, which will publics with the United States must take continual account of be immobilised until Axis forces are are far more cordial than in the new methods of warfare, or built to parity, and the Suez Canal, early stages of the World War, "partial warfare" through in- which will be under Axis-British con-
when United States-Caribbean filtration or economic coercion, trol. Following the suggestion that
which could be a direct menace Mr Matsuoka should go to America relations were sadly vexed. -which was received very ill by the The machinery for diplomatic to sovereignties. United States-the "Kokumin Shim- relations is far better organised, countries night take policy steps bun" now proposes that Mr Roose-military and naval contacts more in the light of peculiar Internal velt shall come to the Far East and numerous, and, the principle of conditions. discuss mediation In the world wars consultation has found accep In Tokyo. In all this, it is to be tance.
tloned.
International experta
vailed in 1917.
Basic Difference,
Thus some
European Colonics
A third consideration, not noted, China has not been men- find the foreign outlook of the
American republics substantially existent in the last war, is the Japanese statesmen who can thus be presumed to be flying kites different from that which pre- fact that most countries are through the press, can hardly hope for success from any of these highly coloured fantasies. One wonders if they are to be used to build up a base of justification for whatever ac- tion Japan may take. Hiller used to precede his attacks by making im possible "appensement" suggestions and then declare that he, had been driven to force by continued refusals to negotiate.
signatory to the Kellogg-Briand pact or other instruments by which war was "outlawed" as A basic difference, bellveen' 1041 an instrument of policy. Con- and 1917, is that Japan, a powerful sequently, there is little likeli acs power, is now an active parti- hood that many governments now "world would be disposed to make a order," whereas in 1917 Japan was frank undisguised declaration of an active ally of Great Brliain and war, in so many words. had already been three years at
The attitude of American re- war against Germany.
BAN In seeking A
A second reason for the Japanese storics may be genuine alarm at the course that events are taking on both sides of the world. It is not beyond belief that the Japanese fear. Hitler Latin American republics, no
Thus to-day, many of the
as Mussolini now fears him. Seeing less than the United States, have
which will over-run the
ןי
Nevertheless, the survey re- also producing quantities of sul- veals that the conference at once phuric acids, chlorine, caustic recognised that the funda mental weakness of the British soda, and other strategic chemi. Empire in war time is the con- Shipyards in Bombay and centration of industry in single centre and the scattered along the Hooghly (Bengal) the character of the Empire itself, Institute states, are busy build- with, resulting centrifugal ten ing naval merchant vessels. dencies that have long been re- India, it declares, is becoming a
formidable arsenal.
In Australia, the Institute garded as creating a major
states, the industrial effort has military defect,
New Industrial Zone
A large. The conference at once decided been equally pressed.
the part of $1,812,000,000 war com- to remedy this situation by creation of a new Industrial zone mitments of the past three in the Far East und the speeding years, and the $744,000,000 of of means of both production the current year is earmarked and distribution of war
materials
up
to an extent that would make the for industrial development. By Far Eastern Empire self-contain- next June, Australia will have ing. India and Australia ware 150,000 skilled workers in the chosen as the centres of
war munitions industry alone, ono material production.
which the sum of $400,000,000 "India's geographical position will be spent.
In addition to munitions, Aus- and mineral wealth," the survey states, "makes her an ideal in- tralia is also turning out train- dustrial supply centre for all ing planes, ordnance of various strategic points between Egypt calibres, including some of the and Malaya. She is already largest and best, as well as one of the great iron ore-produc- machine-guns and rifles.
pubiles toward a war that affected ing countries, and deposits new- the American Continent would also ly discovered in the Punjab are be Influenced In some cases by the considered comparable in quan- Declaration of Hlavatik. That Pact tity to the best Swedish ore. was designed to prevent transfers
Foreign Exchange
The skilful utilisation of ex-. port surpluscs to win foreign The great Tata and Indian exchange is a military feature- of European colonies from one Iron companies are working to of first importance.
"Outstanding in this connec
European Power to another; mean-
for
totalitarian aggression or possession iltrough transfer.
the Democratic reverses and not knowing that these act as a spur to
a military back door" as well resistance
the as "front door" to consider, and on our part Japanese may fear that they have they must calculate the possibi
with Rome to release ality of aggression from Asia as world. Jopan cannot believe In well na Europe. Since Japan is Hitler's word; drawn into his strug an avowed member of the Axis
Some of these colonies are gle they can only see misery ahead group, it can scarcely be con- while their own particular alm, the colved that United States would near the South American main subjugation of China, dance like a become involved with a Euro- land, and any event affecting mirage ever before their eyes and ever as far away. This is the second pean power without simultane them obviously would be of pro time that the plea for peace has gone ously being involved with Japan. found interest to neighbouring up from Tokyo, each time unofficially The Latin American republics republics, and tend to give and cautiously. Tokyo knows that. there will be no peace for her until would then have to make deci- policy an inclination toward that"
sions based on ''considerations of the United States." sho has made peace with China.
ing in practical affect that the capacity making a variety of British, Dutch, and French West high-grade products, including tion is Malaya, the largest world Indles are not to become "Dawns thick armour plating. Ordnance exporter to rubber and tin, for factories are turning out field both of which the United guns, anti-aircraft. guns, Bren States is by far the best cus- guns, as well as machine-guna tomer. About: $12,000,000, a and rifles. Manufacture of shells month is thereby made available has been multiplied twelve times for cash payments for British and guns anven times since, the munitions purchased in the United States. Wherefore, war began.
War Planes ¦
Malaya has been called Britain's.. War, planes should soon he dollar arsenal,'" states the sur- coming out, the survey states, of Voy.