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April 16, 1941.
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modest club in London, an exiled King sits in conferencé with his Ministers.
by George Slocombe
The Famous Foreign Correspondent
Hitler's demand for the formation When their Cabinet meeting of a government under Major Quisl- is over, King and Ministers ing was rejected. lunch together in the club din- ration at all speeds. Takes any ing-room-a tall, lean man sur- resistance began in the forests and
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After the first stunning moment of surprise and confusion, Norwegian
rounded by half-a-dozen others, Norway. Ailled troops were landed. villages of Northern and Central
Then came the unparalleled series
who, from their robust and genial appearance, might be of diensters. In the Low Countries and mistaken for master mariners.
Ile is King Hankon of Nor- way, and his Ministers are the Government of Free Norway.
in France, The Allied troops were withdrawn to fight the more desper-
ate battle at home.
Stubborn People
The King and his ministers took Thirty-five years ngo this refure in England. The second phase simple and modest man was call- of Norway's resistance began the underground phase at home; the ed to the throne of the most navat phase abroad. peaceful State in Europe.
Hongkong Telegraph. Europe lived in a turmoil of re-
Wednesday, April 16, 1941. Wyndham St., Hongkong Telephone: 20015
THE preAx "Special to the Telegraph" ved by the "Wongkang Telegraph" to indicate news which is strictly copyright under the provisions of the Telecommuni- news RE cation Ordinages, 1916, Such bears the Indleation "UP" is received in Hongkong on the date of publication by the United Press Associations, who re- norte all rights and forbid republications, either wholly or in part without previous arrangement
THE RIVAL LOAVES
SINCE this is an all-in war, from the dangers of which not even the brass-hats are ex- cluded, it is not surprising to learn that the white loaf in
England has to be fortified. Many have contended for years that it stood badly in need of fortification-though to be fair it must be added that others have praised it as the summit of 'dietetic excellence.
But it seems to have been easier to put Britain in a state of complete defence after Dunkirk than to fortify the white loaf. Great Britain stands four-square to all the Nazi blasts or miasmata that may blow, but the ordinary loaf, wearing the white flour of a blameless (or, some say, blameful) life, nevertheless still stands defence- less, and the Food Ministry can- not promise that it will be made impregnable for a few months yet. Apparently magic vitamins cannot be conjured into exist- ence as rapidly as was expected or hoped.
Norway's fortunes are now, as in the days of the Vikings, cast upon King Haakon still rules For thirty-five years, while the waters.
over a nation afcat. A great whal-
the ing feet In the north,
Faroe volutions, industrin revolts, Islands. wars and political crises, Haa- A merchant fleet fourth among the fleets of the work. Destroyers kon stood at the helm of his ship and submarines. A small air force. of Vikings.
King And People
Don't believe for a moment that Norway is entirely in the hands of the enemy. The northern part of the great peninsula is still unconquered, Leader of a nation of sailors, and, it may be, unconquerable.
There are stubborn centres of re- fishermen and peasants, he ruled sistance in those ice-covered moun-
tains, those dark forests.
"King Haakon still rules over a nation afloat." He is scon here addressing a meeting of Norwegian seamen in London.
A newcomer
"We have now got to attempt, with the other free nations, to find new formulas for International-co-opera- liun.
"One thing is certain. What we want a something quite different from the New Order which Gorniany is now trying to impose upon us.
Seafarers All-
"We are a seafaring nation, an old Atlantic people, and our Inclusion in a Continental blog would mean to us nothing but econotnie rula.
"The characteristic Norse culture, built up in hundreds of years of effort, would disappear. Everything that is essentially Norwegian in our lives would be destroyed.
"The kind of co-operation we need is one with the Western peoples,
"We have always been in close economic relations with the nations on the Atlantfe seaboard. They are not only our natural ailles, they are Also the nations which have the same traditions of freedom and democracy and tolerance which we ourselves cherish,
"In allying ourselves with them during the war, we are not only building up a mighty allance of free- dom-loving peoples to defent Hitler and Hitlerism, we are laying the foundation of a permanent, alliance of Atlantle States for the future.
"Such a political alliance would secure the national freedom and economic prosperity of Norway, pro- tect us against aggressors, and pre- vent recurring economic or political crises from holting social reform and destroying the well-being of our people."
over a vast, thinly populated,
If Hitler invades Sweden, as he
to the Norwegian largely barren country of forests
probably will sooner or later, as soon Government, he has rapidly become
In The Alliance him one of its most able spokesmen. and fjords, stretching from the as Sweden is more useful to
occupied than unoccupied, it will be 58th parallel of latitude to the largely In order to march into in- tween Norway and Britain, not only would like to see included in his pro- He belleves in a close alliance be- I asked Mr Lie what countries he
Arctic Circle.
conquered Norway through the nar- row northern neck of the peninsula, now but also after the war. Most of his country's wealth
And also, perhaps, ensure his in- dependence, the fight against the He replied: "First of all there is Empire, the greatest lay on the sea, in its great mer- vasion troops and ports on the Nor- Gestapo and the smali Norwegian- the British
wegian coast from the possibility of born dictators serving the enemy," commonwealth of motorts .avori chant fleet, and in the sea, in the surprise and guerilla warfare from Mr Lle told me, "can succeed only formed. cod fisheries and herring schools the rear. of the Northern waters.
The war has radically changed Norway's foreign policy. The sterile and dangerous neutrality upon which His people were a people, who he based her hopes of permanent counted few rich men, and hard- peace has proved illusory.
ly any poor, as we know poverty. They lived hardly and simply, in peace with their neighbours and with all the world.
Socialist Lead
The Aght for freedom and in-
posed Atlantic Alliance.
if the free nations are in close union,
Then there is the powerful and politically and economically,
"We belleve in co-operation. We rich union of the United States,
"There is Fronce. Then Holland have co-operated in the past with the other Nordic peoples. And if the and Denmark and Belgium. And war interrupted this co-operation, it Spain and Portugal. will inevitably be restored in peace:
"And there is Greace, which al- time.
though not on the Atlantic seaboard, "The Northern States of Europe are is a maritime nation, and has proved She has realised, for the first time hound together by social conditions, her right to join an alliance of free- in nearly a century, that her fate sonomie and cultural ties, a common dom-loving peoples by her fight for
history. cannot be linked alone with the for-
Independence." "Norway, Sweden, Finland and tunes of continental Europe.
This Norwegian statesman's idea of Deninark must always live in a closo During the world war of
Her fortunes lle upon the
sea. community of ideas and interests, a an Atlantic Alliance has at least one 1914-18-they-maintained-a-They are linked, not-with-Germany-small-federation-of-States in the merit:
but with Britain, as the Norwegian larger federation that. Europe may It has infuriated Hitler, and it has severe neutrality. During the King Sverre proclaimed in the thir- become.
been angrily denounced by Quisling. "And I would like to include Ice-
They fear it because they know post-war years they worked in- teenth century.
But they are also linked with all land and the Faroe Islands in this the power of ideas. They know that of defatigably for the peace
ideas can Invade them, lust as armies the maritime nations on the Atlantic unit a purely Nordic alliance is can-and perhaps more successfully. seaboard. Europe.
The Norwegian patriots here are already prosecuting that invasion in the Scandinavian territories.
The idea is being spread diligently. And as it spreads, the dominion of the Nazis In the North of Europe will be more and more undermined. NEXT: The Pistol at England's Heart.
not enough. We must establish political and economic co-operation with all the tree nations.
We have to rebuild, restore, re- construct. But also we inve to establish security and prosperity in the new Europe.
Hence the importance and the They believed ardently in the
novelty of the ideas now being advo- League of Nations. They be- cated by the Norwegian acting For- lieved in the permanence of eign Minister, Trygve Lic.
Mr Lie is a Socialist, like most of the members of Haakon's Cabinet: their own neutrality..
They even tried, at the Oslo He is a lawyer by profession, and has Conference, to erect neutrality for some years been legal adviser to attempt to fulfil this dream. into a permanent political in the Norwegian trade unions. strument, by grouping together all the neutrals of Europe into a kind of minor League of Nations.
Neighbours
They were also one of the few
"The League of Nations was an But the League failed.
WEAPONS OF TERROR
a
get strange news in these days. It seems that, in Brazil, a tribe. of savage Indians has attacked missionary post and the authorities have been forced to send troops to the rescue,
By
Old historians tell how the early pioneers were often attacked by night and how, the noise made by the Indians was fearful to be heard.
Miller Watson Early chroniclers admit the Indians
showed courage, but were appalled
.
states of northern Europe who did not regard the Soviet Union with hostility and growing disquiet.
Russla had always been a good
It is almost Incredible news-the say nothing of large horns which by their cruelty and terror tactics. neighbour to Norway, even in the
The modern Bororo has been remotest Tsarist times-a better very idea that war can be carried served the purpose of a megaphone In the meantime, the people neighbour, In fact, than the Finns, on in anything but the modern, and through which the Indiana bel- forced to modify his tactics some- which accounts for Norway's reluc-mechanised, total way. But in read-awed blond-curdling threats. No what. He no longer can attack his
distant hin
hinterland. But he. are promised a new version of tance to take aldes in the Russo-Fin- ing of this incident I have been re- doubt there was little Haw-Haw enemies in strength except in the
nish war last winter, and for her minded of the fact that long before suavity about this kind of prepa- most
by stealthy murder. that brown loaf which for long continued good relations with Mos- Hitler invented screaming and in- onda, but It probably served its spreads terror
When the Borores declare war on a cendiary bombs the South American purpose even better.
rivel tribe they tarron cow.
terrorise them by. their enemies in And after the last world war the Indians had practised total war and Norweglans showed sympathy with employed clever means of inspiring bamboo and skin, bunches of canes
and having mutilated a corpse which were rattled ferociously, and terror in their the Weimar Republic" of Germany,
enemies. The Indians
causing the cylinders full of stones which could it is deposited In the enemy village welcomed to their homes the children
now
ance of another tortured and mutl- of starving German and Austrian trouble are of the Borore tribe, a be rattled were all terror arms in the during the night. The dally appear-
has never accepted hands of the Bororo Indians.
.lated victim sprends fear which But they did not stop at noise, rapidly becomes pante. tion and appeasement.
on na relentless war against the They painted themselves with weird white man. I have seen some of the and fearful designs. They wore weapons they used when they fought masks of horrific expression, and White man run grave risks in against other tribes, and some of many of them had artificial "den- passing through the Bororo country, them served one purpose only the turen made from alligator tusks, They will receive no mercy if they sprending of panic and terror.
which protruded from their mouths fall into the hands of these savages, and must have made them as don- who know no pity.
has been fanatically favoured in some quarters, A desperate civil war scems to impend in the brend world, for the new brown
is apparently to be a formidable families, worked hard for reconcilia-"elvi SVEIC and which still carries
fellow bristling with dietotic muniments, and ready to fly at his white rival on the slightest provocation or none at all. How bakers are to maintain peace in their catablishments with all this belligerent material around is hard to tell.
Disillusion
And then came the tragic disillu- plonment. At dawn on April 9, 1940, by a combination of treachery, sur- prise and Intimidation never before displayed even by the Nazis, the Ger- mans invaded Norway,
Gongs made of shells, drums Maying
the
A device which Intrigued me was looking as sabre-toothed In spite of everything one has to admire the courage of these Indiana, n perforated gourd which, when When the Bororos attacked another Some years ago a punitive force was the murder of some The German and Austrian children swung round in the air at the end tribe they did the job in a "total" sent to avenge
of a rope, gave out a walling note manner. All the old men and even Government surveyors. The Indians of the early post-war years had grown up into fanatical, Hitler- of hair-raising pitch. This weapon the women accompanied the warriors were surrounded, but faced the The staff of life, It is hoped, worshipping, Nazi storm troopers and of terror might almost be the pro- and helped to make a noise. If the rifles and the machine-guns of the
docile conscripta.
totype of some of Hitler's weapons, attack was made at night they shot troops with absolute fearlessness. will not become a sword, nor
Another noise-producer was made arrows carrying tufts of blazing They were wiped out completely, for Speaking the Norwegian they had from two discs of hardwood which, timber to set alight their enemies every Indian fought to the end. citizens be so busy giving one learned in the homes of their com another the lie concerning the passionate hosts, they crept into Nor-pro twisted against each other, huts, If the village was well de The Nazis have adopted the lorror produced a nerve-racking shriek. A ferided and the attack was made by methods of wartare so long prac wegian harbours by stealth in the similar device was made from one day the warriors would kill prisoners tised by these South American respective merits or demerits of holds of merchant vessels, throw off bamboo pushed inside another of in view of the village to inspire natives. They have
modernised
and the mask, and occupied Norway in slightly larger diameter. When these the attack was made it was accom doubt very much if the Nazis will terror before they attacked. When improved on old methods. But I the rival loaves that they will the name of Hitler.
were twisted
most piercing sound forget to fight the real cause of
was made..
panied by: such a babel of noise that show the courave to fight to the Anart from these there was a the defenders, must have felt,,in-bitter end, which„has been often all the troublethe Germans.
variety of trumpets and whistles, to timidated by it.
shown by the Bororo savager.
Haakon, to his eternal credit, re- fused to surrender, His ministers followed him.