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Vol. X Nos. 3 &.4.
THE HONGKONG
NATURALIST
Edited by Dr. G. A. C. Herklots, PH.D., M.SC., F.I.S: Assisted by G. S. P. Heywood, M.A., B.SC.
contains:
The Birds of Hongkong.
Part XXXVI. The Herons and Egrets.
A List of the Butterflies of Hongkong.
Part 11 Concluded.
The Chinese Moon-moth.
Notes on Hongkong 'Butterflies.
Part IV. etc.
Notes and Comments. etc.
Price $4 (postage extra)
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THE prefix "Special to the Telegraph” is used by the "Hongkong Telexraph" to indicate news which is strictly copyright under the provisions of the Telecommuni cations (rdinance, 1938. Buch news AR bears the Indiestión "Up" is recrived in tongkong on the date of publication by the United Press Associations, who, com serve all rights and fachld republications, either wholly or in part without previous Arrangement.
A UNITED FRONT
WITH Germany's occupation of
Bulgaria and the massing of her troops on the Grecian front the full significance of British victories in Africa becomes more apparent. The Axis, In their cagerness to scize what they could while they could, have definitely overreached them- selves. As a result Italy Is no longer an entity to be feared while Hitler is forced to do what he has always tried to avoid doing-stage a war on two fronts. Even should he prove sur- .cessful in overrunning Greece and the odds are he will not be, it would be at a tremendous cost of men and materials. It is not known whether Mussolini started his Grecian ad- venture with the approval-of-Hitler, but in any case the result has been a distinct and deadly blow to Axis
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resistance is no longer effective, The speed with which the Italian forces have been annihilated and driven in full retreat from post to post in East Africa, is entirely due to the out- standing strategy of General Cun- ningham and to the valour, discipline
and endurance of the forces under him. The African campaign is on
instance of the solidarity of the British Empire, a fact which Hitler, according to reliable sources, always refused to admit, probably because
one of his mentally could not con-
ceive of such unity without force. South Africons.. Autralians, New Zealanders fought side by side with
Indian and Britich troops, The entire campaign will become a classic example of what can be achieved by people in spite of varying political opinions, when motivated by ond common desire.
|
March 12, 1941;
Ninth Article in this Important "Telegraph" Series
RIDDLES OF 1941
N Kipling's "Light That' Faled the correspondent of
a Great Daily fifty years ago prophcales continually "Trouble in the Balkans Next Spring.”
Even then, the Balkans were notorious as the powder magas zine of Europe, and though that unhappy continent' has now it- self become one vast high-explo. sive dump its detonating point eastward, from Moscow to the Persian Gulf, is still-the Bal- kans..
What Next In
The Balkans?
by Sir
Ronald Storrs
other claims for the general adjust- ment of the Peace.
Alert Turkey
It is, therefore, of prime interest and significanco to learn. that December 27 the Foreign Minister;
Tha neutrality,
ол
which could
Under that collective name we should count five small States: as much of Transylvania as Giant Pincers upon -Egypt, and M. Filoff, not only rejected the pro- posal of the Fascist ex-Prime Minis- Hungary, on the middle Danube, sulted German tactical require the Suez Canal. Jugoslavia, Rumania, Bulgaria ments, with scant regard to the Thus had the sceno been ter that Bulgaria should officially and Greece. To these we must economic or cultural claims of staged.
Join the Axis, but expressed the "desire of the Bulgarian Parliament ald Turkey, on the extreme favoured Hungary or victimised But the gambler's luck had for the country to remain absolutely south-east of the land (and Rumania.
turned, and the cards began to neutral, and to develop friendly re- water) of Europe, and dominat-
Crooks, Cross run, always more heavily, against lations with all Powers."
him. He began to run himself ing in Asia Minor the gateway to the continent of Asia.
Hitler then "guaranteed" out of invaded Greece, and hardly have been thus reaffirmed Rumania what was left-and seaward from violated Albania, without the tacit approval of Russia, Individually, the five have over-ran that little with a Ger- while the remnant of his navy spokesmen as "inconsistent with the sligmatised by Nazi was (amusingly) been, and must always be, help man Army.
ran northwards out of. Taranto, spirit of the New Order in Europe," less against the pressure of Ger- Rumania thus became an occu- and his diminished Libyan Army Cabinets been assisted by
The wisdom of the Bulgarian many or Russia (to say nothing pied, as Hungary is an unoccu- westward out of Egypt.
watchful alertness of their potent of the combined pressure of
He has secured the Aegean nir Eastern neighbour. Turkey -- those two Powers). They were pied, province of greater Ger- even helpless-it had been as many. Their Press and radio and sea bases-for Great Bri- well-wisher.
And news; tain; who, but for his flaunting
over adventurous muy release only Axis
Bulgar sumed against Italy alone.
their foreign and economic poli- of Greece's honourable neutra-"forwards" are well aware that they eics are controlled by Ribben- lity, would never have occupied team, ready and able to take the are being "marked" by a well-trained
game under control on the first sign.
United, and backed by # peace-loving Turkey, they could have opposed, to any of the Big Three a resistance formidable enough to give pause to the most ruthless aggressor.
them.
-
the
trop.
Neither country likes it, but. Once more, in her three of its getting out of hand.
millenalums of history, Greece, In addition to the forts and other neither can help it.
The arrival of the Crooks' by overthrowing the calculations defences of the Dardanelles, Turkey has three strongly protected Euro- Cross upon the shores of the of bullies and of tyrants has pean lines: Adrianople-Kirk Killsse Black Sea, separated only by an heartened and inspired the civi- (a continuation of the Greek systein),
lised world.
Bulair and Chatelja. ambiguous Bulgaria from our
In Jugoslavia, despite certain On all of these her strength grows Great Britain and France, real Turkish and Greek Allies, made friends and not the less real be- a serious difference in their, and Axis sympathics among politi dally.
cians and Croatians, the Serbian cause they were themselves in our, situation.
Rival Policies
terested in the maintenance of This, accordingly, was the people and the fine Army would peace everywhere-had for years moment chosen (true to form) resist encroachment by every been urging upon them some by Mussolini for his display of means in their power. such understanding.
"Dynamism," whon, after assur- Bulgaria?
So What?
i
Turkey's own rear is secured by pacts with Iraq, Iran and Afghanis tan, fellow Moslem States which'nave not yet shown, any tendency to sub- stitute Hitler for Allah.
The Axis. concerned only to ing the Greeks of his peaceful In Bulgaria, on the other
Any one of three events may bring viciously opposed the idea, and the dead of night without pre- Ministers and ex-Ministers, that Power. keep them divided and weak, had intentions, he invaded Greece in hand, it is the Army, with a few Turkey into the war during 1941,
attack upon herself by any had sapped it by every weapon text or provocation.
is pro-German.
An attack upon Greece by Bul- in their arsenals of bribery,
It was to be, as with France,
The Bulgars as a nation are garin. cajolery and blackmail,
a walk-over: "Sine pulvere still faithful to Russia
An attack by any An
Axia interest 23 tho So when, after the first three palma"-the palm of victory historic protector (against Ger- Syria, which she does not covet for Turkey's southern neighbour, months of the war, the common without the dust of battle.
manism), of the Slave, but they herself, but where she would not danger seemed to be drawing all The naval and air bases of the are not therefore necessarily tolerate Axis occupation. six together, few were surprised Aegean would fall into his hands, Communistic even
Though Mussolini has let Hitler by a menace, megaphoned from and with them the command of "Uncle Ivan has dyed his beard Mussolini down any longer,
though
down, Hitler,
cannot afford to let Rome on December 16, 1939, that the Eastern Mediterranean- Red."
or he "Italy did not consider that the Mare Nostrum at last.
may let him out of the war altogether "The Army is urged from without and have reason to remember the constitution of a bloc of any kind Jugoslavin, terrorised from (and urging within) that now is the story of how Mr Hore Belisha, on could be profitable to the coun- North and South, must "go time to strike at Greece, redeem" his last visit to Rome, presented his tries of the Danubian and Bal- Axis.”
Bulgarian Macedonia, and force a host with a couple of Bellshn beacons
corridor down to Bulgarian kan regions."
the to help him over his double-cross- Bulgaria, thus encouraged, gean-along which it is easy to ingel Naturlich!
might imitate his French coup imagine whose would be the first Hitler must strike again, and soon. The collapse of France, co by stabbing Greece in the back troops to be carried.
But where and how? guarantor with Great Britain of after which Turkey would no Against such intrigues, the stead- Africa would be most welcome to Rumania, finally overthrew the longer be in a position to resist fast prudence of King Boris and his ally but, across a British Mediter crazy, unstable Balkan equili- an Axis demand to stand and de- to pass through dimeult moments, is, save by air, least prac-
of his Home of elder statesmen has had liver railway transit of their Both he, and they, remember only German bombers and fighters have 100 well the flerce curtailments reached Italy; most probably for use twice endured by Bulgaria through against the British Navy. But is that King Ferdinand's too wide opening enough to stop the Italian rot? of his mouth in 1912, and, under German influence, in 1915.
Hiller would prefer to strike Greece down through the Balkans He has recovered the Dobruja, and now, before she has had would be well content to reserve storm Valona and drive the Italians
into the sea,
But this immediate offensive, un- he can terrorise the Jugoslave or Bulgars
into allowing his troops pas-
brium.
Russia seized not only Bes- forces, sarabia but Bukovina, Bulgaria regained (not undeservedly and with British approval) Southern Dobruja.
Gambler's Luck
These would occupy French mundated Syria and apply, with And a Nazi Diklat sliced away Graziani's Libyan Army, the
Hannen Swaffer:
Will saluting war? win the
*
time to
age, would not only upset his Balkan upply system, it would involve war on a second front, and that under conditions
unfavourable to mechanised troops as were the icy
uses of Albania. mountain pusses
True, there is said to be an advanco German G.H.Q. in Rumania within
CTHE Aussies are the finest Every private and every aircraft exactly the sort of man who would a few miles of the Jugoslavian fron-
"T
Afighting troops on earth." man saluted as he passed. Each humanise the Army.
time, the poor blinking officer had to acknowledge it.
It may, or may not, be true- but, anyway, the phrase is once again being used because of their exploits in Libya,
Then why is it that our home- grown Army has imposed on its ranks discipline to which no Australian soldier would 'sub- mit?
Yet not one Commonwealth private from overseus took the slightest notice!
Who, I wondered, were ferior soldiers?
tier, and King Boris is once more en- M
during the turn of the screw.
True, that although à spring comTM THEN, although Aneurin Bevan re- cently wrung from the Secretary of paign would suit him far better, and War the admission that a soldier was less probable, for that very reason Ju winter assault should therefore be allowed to communicate with his it should not be absolutely ruled out. the M-M.P., he assures me that while letters addressed to Members of Parliament
for officers than for the men.
On Guard
1
Nevertheless, it is more Ilicely that
AMONG the Aussies, officers and rush into elvvies when on leave in they reach the men to whom they are stage by that maestro to edge Balkan
addressed!
by soldiers are not opened before they leave the camps, the replies, if THE rigidity of the rule is worse arriving in envelopes bearing the the Goebbels' alarums and excursions In London, it is such a curse that often opened and inspected before down the Adriatic, are projected off- "House of Commons" imprint. are of Nazi troop-trains rushing through Hungary, and of troopships steaming men holding commissions frequently men fraternise freely. They drink order to escape the necessity for hav-
And, In some camps and barracks, nerves and to ease British together. Saluting is reduced to a ing to acknowledge a salute every emcers still tell the men that they away from the real lavasion, which minimum.
dozen yards.
is planned not from the south-eastern must not write to M.P.8, Yet, in some English towns, you
constant Omcially, soldiers have certain end of Europe, but from the north- read shop notices: "Only officers saluting vins wars. It perpetuates citizen rights. Onicially, in spite of west. and members of the public served." the caste system and it's out of date that, they are told they have none, A private, cannot buy anything in in an age when some of the privates
these sncred storesi
You can't tell me
Moreover, many hotels are barredo better educated than most of the
officers.
The future welfare of the world now lies to a large extent in the hands of those countries included in the Commonwealth of Nations. During the lost world war the same
to all but the' commissioned ranks, forces came into play, but more as supporting units and not as now self-saluting, saluting, saluting, goes on.
And, everywhere, the monotony of supporting armies-prepared to share the responsibility and pay the price. India too has played a more definite
· ✰
☆
I WALKED, the other day, down
I HEARD recently of an incident on a South Wales rollway station.
A young Heutenant, seeing two pri-
* * *
nerves
So that lo-day we should look, not much to the Balkans, as to our own guard, our guns, and our gas- maska,
I HEAR, too, of a young craftsman [Editor's Note:-Since this article in the Tank Corps who, unused to was written, the Bulgarian Govern- military life, wrote a long letter to ment has declared its adherence to his colonel, telling him what he the Aris, and German troops are now thought was wrong with the Army! reported to be massed on the borders
told him, for one thing, that the of Greece. The position of Yugo men should have explained to them fapia has not changed. men, put my baggage on the train." the reason for all sorts of orders. The officer was the son of a lacni These they resented, because they
role than ever before. This fact does the Strand, behind a British officer.es, shouted at thom! "Here, you not in any way minimise the valour
1c
of the Indian troops who in 1014-1010 which will be handed down in the publican in whose pub the men were could not understand why they were fought so gallantly, but it is un- records of this war 113 outstanding in the habit of drinking. A few given. taking her place in the British com-
Fortunately for this young soldier, doubtedly true that to-day India is examples of heroism and devotion. weeks before, they called film by his
Over and above these spontaneous
Christian name. But now, he was on his colonel had a sense of humour, nets of bravery, the Indian troops have officer. shown themselves to be possessors of one of the most valuable qualities
munity of nations in a way which can never be forgotten.
Every dispatch from the battle front has contained reference to the Indian troops, either in regard to their powers of endurance under great strain or to their coolnesa under Are and to their initiative. A telegram recently received gave a list of heroic deeds by individuál Indian soldiers,
☆
+
He sent for him and, twinkling, anid: "Youre was a most Interesting atid reventing document. Becnttse of which human beings are capable... I HEAR, Loo, of over-punishment. of it, we may find it necessary to Twenty-seven men, rfaking trouble, alter, the Army regulations. But, ellability. This characteristic alons: has inspired confidence wherever they have written to an MP. all signing next time, you must write to your save been sent and, means that to-day their names, complaining that they captain." hey are assuming as much respon-had been sentenced to 28 days C.B. Tbility for the successful outcome of without pay for overstaying their the war as any other unit of the leave by one day to which they all Allied forces now fighting nggression understood they were entitled. and domination.
I do not think David Margeason is
But then you might not get it, sir." replied the man.
"Oh, I'll have this letter typed out," said the colonel, hiding a amtic.
Then I can memariss it."
TO-MORROW What Next · În The Air War?
on interniam with SIR ARCHIBALD SINCLAIR (Minister for Air)