DONALD
REMEMBER.
DON'T. ARGUE
WITH COPS!
DO WHAT THEY SAY...
AND DO
IT FAST!
Wednesday:
HONGKONG TELEGRAPH
DUCK
OKAY!
1-4)
C. 1942, Wali Duary, Pen$166930208
OH,OH!
A COP
PULL OVER TO THE CURB, TOOTS!
'February 19,
1941.
By Walt Disney
WELL, HOW DID I KNOW WHICH CURB HE MEANT?
Leary; Supremto
FOR A TASTY BREAKFAST
LANE, CRAWFORD'S
SELECTED AUSTRALIAN
CROSS CUT BACON RASHERS
$140 per lb.
REGULAR ARRIVALS OF FRESH STOCKS
(WALT DISNEY
GRIN AND BEAR IT
The IDIAL CIT FOR
HER
LOTS OF WOURING)
EVREKA
LIFE
WEARANCE
Co.
1st unti
By Lichty TRUST IN GOD-AND AN ADMIRALTY CHART
"But if I take out a 100,000 life insurance policy, what excuse can I give my wife for living?"
Crossword Puzzle
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By LARS MORRIS ——
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32-Sharp
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Count the "TELEGRAPHS“ everywhere
How The British Navy Surveys The
World's Seas For The World's Seamen
It is not only as a "policeman
of the
scas" that the British 66 Navy contributes to the safety of peaceful shipping. The Ad- miralty has for cen- turies been helping the mariners of all nations by its survey work in every ocean and along the coasts of many lands.
All through the year, in peace-time, the survey ships of the Royal Navy are at work adding to mankind's knowledge of the navigable globe.
In the most recent re-
port (1939) of the Hydro- grapher of the Navy, who is in charge of the work, are accounts of survey ships at work in the Orkney Islands, on all the coasts of England and Scotland, off Labrador, in New Zealand, in the Per- sian Gulf,-the-Red-Sea,- the China Sea, and off the coasts of Malaya, Somali- land and Ceylon.
SERVICE TO ALL
SEAMEN During 1939 length of 509 miles of coastline was surveyed, and soundings, or depths, were taken over an area
#
total
of 3,267 square miles. In addition, astronomical, tidal and meteorological observations were made in many areas.
1
All this work was under- taken for the benefit of seafarers at large, for through the International Hydrographic Bureau the Hydrographic Depart ment of the Admiralty exchanges all its latest charts and navigational information with foreign Governments.
The Hydrographic De partment of the Admiralty was established in 1795 for the production of naviga- tional charts, its first chief, being an officer named Dalrymple who for years had been in the ser- vice of the East India Company. Nowadays, apart from chart produc- tion, the Department also undertakes the compila- tion and issue of Salling Directions, Lights Lists, Tide Tables and other aids for navigational overy ocean in the world.
Here, however, we are primarily concerned with the charts, or accurate,
by TAFFRAIL
(The Famous Naval Writer).
**
detailed maps of all the oceans, seas, gulfs, straits, inlets, and harbours that may ever be visited by ships.
CO-OPERATIVE
EFFORT
So far as the British Empire is concerned, most of the information which appears on these charts has been, and is still being provided by the Surveying, Service of the Royal Navy, and the kindred services now, maintained in India, most of the British Domi- nions and many Colonies.
Local harbour boards and authorities contribute detailed information of their own areas, while valuable information is often supplied by vessels- of-war and merchantmen Foreign, Governments also contribute their quota, and the whole mass of in- formation thus acquired is sorted, sifted, tabulated or engraved upon charts for the benefit of all those
by sea. who voyage
The work has gone on for centuries, and British charts have achieved a reputation for accuracy which long since caused an old navigator to coin the phrase "Put your trust in God and an Ad- miralty chart."
the
Some of the oldest of the many original charts in the Admiralty's posses- sion date from the middle of
17th century. Among them are several fine specimens drawn on skins. One of the finest I have seen is the splendid drawing on vellum of Dampier's voyage to the East Indies in 1699-1700.
The original charts with which Lord Anson, yoy- aged round the world in 1740-1744 are still in exis- tence. So are all the ori- ginals drawn by that cele brated, navigator, Captain James Cook, between 1758 and · 1779.
Incidentally, much of Cook's work has not been altered and still remains upon our modern charts.
WORK NEVER
ENDS
A host of navigators and hydrographers, some famous, some almost forgotten, have
/
contributed to our present wide knowledge, but much still remains to be done, and the work never censes. Our knowledge can never be too exact.
The surveying ships work out of sight and largely out of mind, often in lonely places far from civilisation. A sur- vey of a coast or harbour em braces an exact triangulation, astronomical observations, to- pographical work, tidal re- cords over a long period, the compilation of sailing direc tions, selection and drawing of views most likely to be use- ful, and soundings. Sound- ings, or depths, are taken either with lead and line, or by the modern electrical, ap- pliance known as the "echo- meter," which projects an electrical impulse to the sca bottom and notes the time the echo takes to return.
Soundings are taken with extraordinary thoroughness.
The records of depths aro set down on "plotting-boards" in the boats, and then trans ferred to the "fair sheet" in the survey ship. So many soundings are taken that the the figures often appear on sheet in a density of 200 to the square inch..
All doubtful shoals, banks and ledges are examined with elaborate care, while the exact nature of the bottom is in- variably noted. Isolated rocks likely to be dangerous to ship- ping are located by sweeping with a wire stretched horizon- tally beneath the surface from two bolts.
Almost all of those tiny figures representing depths seen on an Admiralty chart have been taken by hand, even in the wide spaces of the Paci- fic, Atlantic
Indian and
Oceans.
SKILL AND
ACCURACY
When the surveying ship has completed her laborious Lask she returns to a-base and her specialists plot their re- sults on paper. The complet- ed drawing then goes to the Chart Branch of the Hydro- graphic Office in London, and, after being checked and re- checked and possibly added to, it is sent to the engravers to. be etched upon the copper plate from which it will even- tually be printed. The work of the chart engraver is highly -skilled, and an apprenticeship of seven years is required be- fore he can qualify for the work. Accuracy to one-hun- dredth of an inch is insisted upon.
Accuracy in the rule for everyone in Admiralty survey work, from the sailor taking soundings from a boat in some remote spot on the ocean, to the engraver completing the elching of a chart.
Because of that accuracy, and the world-wide extent of the Admiralty's operations the British Surveying Service is able to make its unique contri- bution to the safety and off- ciency of international navf- gation.
UFSI
ITALO-GREEK PARLEY-Grook Evzone, right, one of famed mountain-fighters, chats with Italian prisoner in prison camp somewhere in Greece. Il Duce hardly expected fiorco resist ance of Evzones when he institutod Grook campaign.
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