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December 20, 1940:
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Limiting Factors
Warfare
In Air
By "Britannicus'
Every Englishman is to- day an amateur strategist in air warfare. He is bound to bo His daily routine depends on the course of the war which he hears and sometimes sees--- going on over his head.
80.
Few amateur commentators, however, take fully into account what is perhaps the most in- portant. of all aspects of air warfare. This is the existence of a chain of separate limita- tions on the volume of an belli- Igerent's air attack.
Consider a day in the life of a bombing aeroplane which is due to make a night attacks on enemy territory. It is closely overhauled by mechanics. It is loaded with bombs and its tanks! filled with petrol. It is taxied out to the run-way, and its crew climb aboard. It waits its turn to take off while other 'planes taking part in the opera-
Hongkong Telegraph. tions sail away into the night.
Friday, December 20, 1940.
Wyndham St., Hongkong Telephone: 20015
For hours it flies through vary-: ing weather conditions; it reaches its gon, drops Its bombs, and returns. On the
TUE prefx "šprotal to the Telegraph” | nerodrome the ground-crew
used by the "Hongkong Telegraph" ta
indicate news which i sirtedly copyright
under the provisions of the Telecommuni cations Ordinance, 1936, Such news, as bears the Indication "UP" is received in Hongkong on the date of publication by the United Press Associations, who re- serve mil rights and forbid republications. olther whilly or in part without previous arrangement.
THE NEW SITUATION
SOME three weeks ago the "Tele- `graph", voiced the possibility that Italy would have to be wary of German domination of her own ter- ritory If she was unable to make a success of her self-chosen campaigns overseas in North Africa and Greece. Since then the weaker end of the Axis has been very roughly used by the British and Greeks and the in- evitable rumours of armistice and Nazl troops arriving to lend assist- once have found their way into print with, of course, immediate dentals. The position has changed so radical- ly that the entire aspect of the war in the Middle East has to be looked at from another angle and with that -goes-a-reconstruction of the Axis spring campaign with Its new im- plications for Britain and France.
General Graziani would seem to have encompassed his own downfall by extending his lines against weak
again take over, and the cycle begins again.
SEVEN POINTS
A simple routine, yet it in- dicates at least seven limiting factors upon the volume of air attack which can be consistent-
FEARNAUGHTS AND CROSSES
A
Distance to be covered in modern heavy bomber, renching vital enemy objec. needs a long take-off into the tives
wind. One run-way of a great Obviously each limiting factor aerodrome alone may be used. ly mounted by any belligerent has also a "quality component" The total number of minutes power. They are:
crew
Supply of bombs or other
ammunition
Supply of petrol fuel Number and size of avail- able aerodromes
ACCUSED aircraft, all the petrol and
ESSENCE OF MATTER
Squabble Over Antarctica
the skill of the personnel, during which aeroplanes can Total number of aircraft speed and reliability of planes, take off from that aerodrome on possessed
scientific quality of fuel and particular operation is, res- tricted by the distance that they location of acro- Spas of pilots and air armament, crey to.
dromes, weather normally en- must cover during darkness, or
en route. These, by other circumstances. Divide (By United Press Scionco Servico), It begins to look as though Sther of skilled ground countered
however, are short run, they are that number by the necessary repairers
time-interval between each take-Antarctica and its penguins will determined and unchangeable. They cannot be turned into off, and you have the number of have to be parcelled out at just bottlenecks choking the whole aeroplanes that can take part into nations of the earth when the action from that aerodrome, surviving powers reshuffle ter effort of air attack..
It may be 10 or 60-a large ritorial possessions after this Each of the quantitative fac- number, but a limiting factor war. tors may become a bottleneck. when operations are conceived No less than ten countries, It will avail an air force nothing in terms of several hundreds. including now Chile and Argen- if it has an immense number of
tina, have put in claims for ple- shaped wedges or other areas of This is only an illustration. Antarctica. Claims overlap and bombs it wants, plenty of good advanced aerodromes, yet is The essence of the matter is clash, as in tho, case of Nazi short of trained pilots. The that an enemy air force may be Germany mapping and planting pilots will be impatent if they crippled by narrowing any one flags in 230,000 square miles of are not matched by adequate of the bottlenecks, however the Far South in 1939, in the ground crews.
wide may be the others. Here! is one of the prime elements in same region where Norway not
before had long
proclaimed, AERODROME FACTOR
present-day air warfare. The sovereignty and given the name One bottleneck which may be attacks on German petrol sup- Crown Princess Martha Land. critically important is little plies by the British Air Force realised by the public. This is are an outstanding example of Despite first reports that It comes these tactics. By this means, Chile has laid claim to a sector A woman charged with triple to everyone's notice in extreme or by its heavy losses of pilots, including Little America, the the Norway in the mass air battles over area between 53 and 90 degrees murder at the Old Bailey re-cases, such
Allied England, the German air force West Longitude is actually east cently was stated to be suffering campaign, when
overwhelmingly may be crippled despite its fly-of Little America, mainly in the from lapses of memory.
handicapped by having no acro- ing start in numbers of planes Falkland sector of the Antarc She was Mrs Florence Iris dromes whatever; but it is con- and its geographical advantage tie pie. This brings Chile into Ouida Ransom, 34-year-old secre-stantly operating to limit action since the invasion of the Low conflict with claims of Great
Countries and France. tary of Piddington, near Bices-in the air. ter, and the defence successfully applied for her trial to be post- poned until next sessions.
OF THREE MURDERS
British -opposition to Sidi Barrant Woman's Lapses
when he had no intention of going further. It he, had kept his enormous forces in Libya they would have tled British forces to Egypt effective- ly, but by seeking the prestige of an easy advance he put himself in a position from which he has been driven out with substantial physical and moral losses.
of Memory'
In our case it will be worth while altempting to drive the Italians right out. of North Africa because we have a fleet that can keep them out. Abyssinin, Italian Somaliland and former British Somaliland' can, at
Mrs Ransom is charged with the the present, be ignored as they will murder of Mrs Dorothy Sonders eventually fall into our hands when Fisher (40), her daughter, Miss Fredn completely successful in Ann Fisher (20), and their house- Charlotte Saunders Libya, There is every possibility keeper, Miss
dead with (48), who were found that by then the Free. French move-
gunshot wounds in n cottage named Ton- ment will have claimed present pro- Crittenden, at Matfield, near Vichy parts of North Africa; certain bridge, on July 0. ly no active hostility need be feared from those territories.
we are
Winter and the Greeks are giving the Italians a great deal of punish- ment in Albania and they can look for no relief. The Royal Air Force will deliver harder blows as more
Mr Stuart torner, defending, Enid he made the application so that Mrs
Ransom might be examined by an Independent neurologist with a view to ascertaining her medical history.
Judge's Reply
machines become avaliable and the She had been in several hospitals, Greek milltary machine which de- and the defence was trying to trace spite its successes did not lay claim those records. He had been Instruct- to the preparedness
of its Axised that the medical history dated elements will become more efficient almost from her birth. and numerous.
A question to decide will be who ther to meet German assistance with corresponding British support for the Greeks with the risk of turning the Balkans into a major battlefeld, Hitler will no doubt remember that his cousin Joseph will be on hand In any such game to take over the
Mr Justice Hollett: Hysteria and a desire for publicity, or what?
Mr Horner! No, my lord. Lapses of memory which may be due to a basic source,
The judge repiled that ho did not understand lapses of memory.
odd plece of land here and there, of them while Hitler was busy on and that is not at
at all to his king: the other side of Europe.
Hitler must ensure that he has not antagonised Stalin when he straina
all
These dreams are shattered now
and the "new order" must find faelf
hia resources to invade Britain, new material, France may play a or when Britain breaks in his front big part yet in the outcome of this door. Italy, woli established Greece, would have proved her war. The Nazis would cripple the worth and could have been given a best part of their fighting machino largo share of the spoils of France in attempting to enslave the whole to set herself up in the Balkans as
Hiller's Heutemnt, to pacify the of France, do that conciliation is worried small nationa thers, and necessary to save more expenditure even to stiffen them into a blog of force and to retain. the obedience strong enough to keep Bialia's handal of Frerich, overseas possessions,
the aerodrome factor.
forces were
ជន
the
GRIN AND BEAR IT
DRAFT BOARD
BANDAGES!
"Got any crutches, Buddy?”
Britain and Chilo's own neigh- bour, Argentina.
Parts of the vast Antarctic
from. world conflicts, arc claimed by Norway, Germany, France, Great Britain, the United States, Japan, Chile, Argentina, Australia and New Zealand. It is generally ex- pected that eventually an inter- national commission will gather to decide the knotty problem of cutting the continent into ple wedges, or breaking it into ir- regular chunks and awarding the pieces.
By Lichty continent, seemingly so remoted
Divided Like A Pio Countries that border the. South Polar continent lean to the argument that the continent should be divided like a ple, and sectors awarded to the nearest nations, if such nations claim them. Chile and Argentina are pressing this point, though as` rivals.
Countries that have engaged in discovery and scientific exploration on the Antarctic continent argue that the Jand should be parcolled out to countries that have discovered, map- ped
and explored it, as other con tinent have been
grand
Nations claiming Antarctica, are running true to form in making gestures, as discovering nationa always have done. Chile claims sector of Antarctica on the grounds. that the Chilean Andes, mountains. submergo and then rise again as part of the Antaretle continent, and therofore even in Antarellón “ theme. mountains are part of Ghile, i