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The
Limiting
Factors
In Air Warfare
By "Britannicus”
Every Englishman is-to- day an amateur, strategist in air warfare. He is, bound to bo so. His daily routine depends. on the course of the war.which he hears and sometimes sees- going on over his head.
Few amateur commentators, however, take fully into account what is perhaps the most im- portant of all aspects of air warfare. This is the existence of a chain of separate limita- tions on the volume of n belli- gerent's air attack.
Consider a day in the life of a bombing neroplane which is due to make a night attacks on enemy territory. It is closely overhauled by mechanics. It is Stubbs Rd. loaded with bombs and its tanks filled with petrol. It is taxied out to the run-way, and its crew climb aboard. It waits lis turn to take off while other 'planes taking part in the opera-j tions sail away into the night,| For hours it flies through vary- ing weather conditions; it reaches its goal, drops its bombs, and returns. On the aerodrome the ground-crew again take over, and the cycle begins again.
Hongkong Telegraph.
Friday, December 20, 1940. Wyndham St., Hongkong
Telephone: 26015
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bears the indication "UT"" is recetved in Hongkong on the date of publication by. the United Press Associations, who ro serve all rights and forbid republications, efther wholly or in part without previous arrangement.
THE NEW SITUATION
'SOME three weeks ago the "Tele- graph" voiced the possibility that Italy would have to be wary of German domination of her own ter- ritory if she was unable to make a success of her self-chosen campaigns overseas in North Africa and Greece. Since then the weaker end of the Axis has been very roughly used by the British and Grecks ond the in- evitable rumours of armistice and Nazi troops arriving to lend assist- ance have found their way into print with, of course, Immediate denials. The position has changed so radical- ly that the entire aspect of the war In the Middle East has to be looked at from another angle and with that goes a reconstruction of the Axis |"spring" campaign with its new im-
plications for Britain and France.
General Graziani would seem to have encompassed his own downfall by extending his lines against weak
SEVEN POINTS
A simple routine, yet it in- dicates at least seven limiting factors upon the volume of air attack which can be consistent- ly mounted by any belligerent power. They are:
-the
FEARNAUGHTS AND CROSSES
aero-
can
Squabble Over Antarctica
Distance to be covered in A modern heavy bomber reaching vital enemy obfec- needs a long take-off into the tives
wind. One run-way of a great Obviously each limiting factor nerodrome alone may be used. has also a "quality component" The total number of minutes
skill of the personnel, during which acroplanes Total number of aircraft speed and reliability of planes, take off from that aerodrome on possessed
scientific quality of fuel and a particular operation is res- Supply of pilots and air armament, location of
tricted by the distance that they dromes, weather normally en- must cover during darkness, or Supply of skilled ground countered on route. These, by other circumstances. Divide (By United Press Science Service); crews and repairers
however, are short run, they are that number by the necessary It begins to look as though other determined and unchangeable. time-interval between each take- Antarctica and its penguins will They cannot be turned into off, and you have the number of have to be parcelled out at last bottlenecks choking the whole aeroplanes that can take part in to nations of the earth when effort of air attack.
the action from that aerodrome. surviving powers reshuffle ter- It may be 40 or 60-a large ritorial possessions after this Each of the quantitative fac number, but a limiting factor war. tors may become a bottleneck. when operations are conceived It will avail an air force nothing in terms of several hundreds. if it has an immense number of
crews:
Supply of bombs or
ammunition
Supply of petrol fuel Number and size of avail- able aerodromes
ACCUSED
OF THREE MURDERS
British opposition to Skli Barra Woman's 'Lapses
when he had no intention of going further. If he had kept his enormous forces In Libyn' they would have tied British forces to Egypt effective- ly, but by seeking the prestige of an easy advance he put himself in a position from which he has been driven out with substantial physical
of Memory'
Buch
No less than ton countries, including now Chile and Argen- tina, have put in claims for pie- aircraft, all the petrol and ESSENCE OF MATTER bombs it wants, plenty of good
This is only an illustration. shaped wedges or other areas of advanced aerodromes, yet is The essence of the matter is clash, as in the case of Nazi..
Antarctica. Claims overlap and short-of-trained-pilots. The that an enemy air force may be Germany mapping and planting pilots will be impotent if they crippled by narrowing any one flags in 230,000 square miles of are not matched by adequate of the bottlenecks, however the Far Sauth in 1939, in the ground crews.
wide may be the others. Here same region where Norway not is one of the prime elements in long before had proclaimed AERODROME FACTOR
present-day air warfare. The sovereignty and given the name One bottleneck which may be attacks on German petrol sup- Crown Princess Martha Land. critically important is little plies by the British Air Force realised by the public. This is are an outstanding example of Despite first reports that the aerodrome factor. It comes these tactics. By this means, Chile has laid claim to a sector A woman charged with triple to everyone's notice in extreme or by its heavy losses of pilots, including Little America, the murder at the Old Bailey re- cases,
as the Norway in the mass air battles over area between 58 and 90 degrees cently was stated to be suffering campaign, when
Allied England, the German air force West Longitudo is actually cast from lapses of memory.
were overwhelmingly may be crippled despite its fly-of Little America, mainly in the handicapped by having no aero- ing start in numbers of planes Falkland sector of the Antarc She was Mrs Florence Iris dromes whatever; but it is con- and its geographical advantage tie pie. This brings Chile into In our case it will be worth while Ouida Ransom, 84-year-old secre- stantly operating to limit action since the invasion of the Low conflict with claims of Great altempting to drive the Italians tary of Piddington, near Bices-in the air. right out of North Afrien because water, and the defence successfully
Countries and France. have a fleet that can keep them out, applied for her trial to be post- Abyssinia, Italian Somaliland and poned until next sessions: former British Somaliland can, al
Mrs Ransom is charged with the the present, be ignored as they will murder of Mrs Dorothy Sanders| eventually fall into our hands when Fisher (40), her daughter, Miss Freda, We arc completely successful in Ant Fisher (20), and their house-
Mu Libyn. There is every possibility keeper,
Charlotte Saunders that by then the Free French move.
(48), who were found dead with gunshot wounds in a cottage named ment will have claimed present pro- Crittenden, st Matfield, near Ton- Vichy parts of North Africa; certain bridge, on July 0. ly no active hostlity need be feared from those territories.
and indral losses,
Winter and the Greeks are giving the Italians a great deal of punish- ment in Albania and they can look for no reliéf, The Royal Air Force will deliver harder blows as more machines become available and the
Mr Stuart Horner, defending, sald be made the application. so that Mrs
Ransom might be examined by an Independent neurologist with a view to ascertaining her medical history.
Judge's Reply
She had been in several hospitals.
Greek milltary machine-which do and the defence was trying to trace spite its successes did not lay claim those records. He had been instruct- to the preparedness its Axir ed that the medical history dated clements will become more efficient almost from her birth.
and numerous
of
Mr Justice Hallett: Hysterin and a
A question to decide will be whe-desire for publicity, or what? ther to meet German assistance with 3r Homer:
No, my lord, Lapses corresponding British support for of memory which may be due to a the Greeks with the risk of turning basic source.
the Balkans into
The judge replied that he did not major bottlefeld, # Hitler will no doubt remember that understand lapses of memory. his cousin Joseph will be on hand
in any such game to take over the
odd plece of land here and there, off them while Hitler was busy on and that is not at all to his liking the other side of Europe. Hitler must ensure that he has not These dreams are shattered now; antagonised Stalin when ho strains and the "new order" must and itself all his resources to invade Britain. or when Britain breaks in his front new material. France may play a door. Italy, well established in big part yet in the outcome of this Greece, would have proved her war. The Nazis would cripple the worth and could have been given a best part of their fighting machine largo share of the spolis of France in attempting to enslave the whole to set herself up in the Balkans as of France, so that conciliation is Hitler's Houtenant, to pacify the
worried ampli, nations there and necessary to save more expenditure even to "stliten them into a blog of force and to retain the obedience strong enough to keep Stalin's hands of French overseas possomlons.
forces
the
GRIN AND BEAR IT
•PHIS
"Got any crutches, Buddy?”
Britain and Chile's own neigh- bour, Argentina.
Parts of the vast Antarctic.
By Lichty continent, seemingly so remoted
SPECTACLES THICKNESS
EXTEA
CLASSES
SITRA
TACK
25+
from world conflicts, are claimed by Norway, Germany, France, Great Britain, the United States, Japan, Chile, Argentina, Australia and New Zealand. It is generally ex- pected that eventually an inter national commission will gather to decide the knotty problem of cutting the continent into pic wedges, or breaking it into ir- regular chunks and awarding the plecca.
Divided Like A Pio Countries that border the. South Polar continent lean to the argument that the continent should be divided like a ple, and sectors awarded to the nearest nations, if such nations claim them. Chile and Argentina, are pressing this point, though as rivals.
Countries that have engaged in discovery and scientific exploration on the Antarctic continent argue that. the land should be parcelled out to countries that have discovered, map- ped and explored as other con tinent have been.
claiming Antarctica: are.
truo
to form in
making
grand gestures, as discovering nations always have done. Chlie claims sector of Antarctica on the grounds that the Chilean Andes mountains submerge and then rise again an part of the Antarctic .continent, and therefore even In: Antarctics these mountains are part of Chile,