Friday
HONGKONG TELEGRAPH.
November 1, 1940.
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JOHN STEINBECK
Author 1
"THE GRAPES OF WRATH”"
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Hongkong Telegraph.
Friday, Nov. 1, 1940. Wyndham St., Hongkong Telephone: 20015
THE prefix "special to the Telegraple" i used by the "Hongkong Telegraph" to indicate have which is strictly copyright under the provisions of the Telecommuni cations Ordinancs, 2014 Such news as bears the indication "UP" is received in
Hongkong on the date of publication by ine United Press Associations, to serve all rights and forbid republication. elther wholly or in part without previous Arrangement
BRUTAL ACT
THE heartless cynic will re- mark that the shooting down 44 defenceless C.N.A.C.,
WILL EUROPE STARVE?
The events of the last few] months have completely altered the character of the British
On Hitler Rests
and Moral
blockade of Germany. At the The Legal and
beginning of the year it was passible to consider Germany as
a unit and make certain modi-
fications for imports from con- tiguous countries. To-day the
Responsibility
producing and consuming unit cluding some adjustment of cus- Į
It is not until we turn to the last
to which the blockade upplies is, tomary dicts, but unless there is important group of foodstuffs," the
The position in fertilizera is sound. Since 1014, the manufacture of synthetic nitrates has made the Con- Unent practically self-sufficient in nitrogen fertilizers, which are the most important. There is a surplus nt. potassic fertilisers, and a 30 per cent, deficiency in phosphates can probably be made good, in part at least, by the normal Imports from the U.S.S.R. nt French North
Africa.
Grain Stocks
•
What has been said so far relates marked deficiency. Before the war to more or less normal conditions. with minor modifications, the succession of bud crope the edible oils and fats, that we find a Continent of Europe, almost the total supply of essential foods the Continent produced olives and to the sort of conditions which might oil seeds and nuts sufficient to be expected In 1941 or 1942. The whole of which is allied to Ger- should be adequate or nearly supply just over a third of its total position this winter is complicated many or occupied or economic Poverty and autarchy have com- consumption of vegetable oils; and by the fact that the 1040 crop is bined since the last War to if whole oll, supplied from the An- well below normal in most parts of due to the severe ally dominated by her,
and Inte spring, labour pose as the vegetable oils, is added winter Within the Continent commo- make the Continent almost self-tarctic, and used for the same pur- the Continent.
to the Imports, the proportion fails shortages, and some destruction by alghting. The US. Department of dities will be exchanged as free-sufllelent.
Agriculture eslimates the 1940 This is true of grains, on which to under a third. ly as Germany permits, while!
The subject of oils and fats is one wheat crop al 34,000,000 tons, which trade with non-Europeau coun- the fight for self-sufficiency in Ger-
dificult to estimate how serious this sumption, and while no estimates of tries, provided the blockade is muny and Italy has concentrated of the greatest complexity, and it is) is about 80 per cent. of normal con-
11 with marked success. In good deficiency in the Continental diet other crops are available, it is pro- reasonably effective, will be dif-crop year the Continent is self would be. The chief edible products bable that they are down in serne- ficult or impossible. Perhaps suficient in grains; in normal year made from vegetable and marine thing like the same proportion.
Mutters would therefore be seri the most important effects of it is over 90 per cent, self-sufficient, oils are margarine, compound lord,
are also extensively used in industry, ous, although not quite desperate, ir were not abnormally large this change, from the military The position in wheat and rye, the and table oils. They and animal fats two most important for human con- point of view, are to be found, sumption, is even more favourable, chiefly in making suap, but also as there
In meat and dairy and poultry pro-lubricants, and in the manufacture stacks available to offect the de- fielency. Figures on stocks are in- on the side of raw materials.
than self-of explosives, Germany is now assured of sufficient,
In the years before the war it im- adequate supplies of iron and
cent years with normal consumption. bauxite, but her supplies of ported a little beef and mutton, but
exported substantially greater quan
confidence that at the beginning of It many other vital materials-oil, tities of bacon, ham, and purkt.
the war total stocks of grains The deficiency is much less impor-Europe were well in excess of a coal, textiles, rubber, and cer- also exported each year over 200,000 ons of butter, over 200,000 tons of tain minerals have been sub-milk, uver 50,000 tons of cheese, and ant than it seems at first sight for noimal year's imports and that they
Continent has always relied chiefly duced. stantially increased, while the over 100,000 tons of eggs, Shortage to reasons. The first is that the have not yet been substantially re demands on them have become of fodder will make it necessary toon fats of animal origin. If we stid
reduce dairy herds and poultry, but estimates of the production and truse Grain consumption could certainly lard, and suet to the be maintained at 90 per cent. of nor- But the most unless this hul to be done on a very in hutteciable and marine olis mal during 1940-41, while leaving a much greater.
large scale production will not be
figures (or dramatic problem which arises reduced much below normbi con- concerns the Continent's sup-sumption, and the surplus ment re- plies of food, Is it true, as we sulting from the slaughterings can in have been told by certain people "ny case be preserved or ennned. on both sides of the Atlantic, that Europe faces starvation?
A definite and certain answer |
duce Europe
more
'Autarchy" Success
On the Continent pro-
00
Winter
but they
ran be verified and comparing available
complete and unrented by
in
re-
Conditions it is possible to conclude with some
av-
tire percentage produced nt home eurry-over to meet a future emer Tises frem about 20 per cent. to over Rency. Stocks, ke crops, are not
per
cent. The second reason is evenly distributed. Most were that, above a certain minimam, fals cumulated or have now been seized an essential item of diet. by Germany. Almost all are now pre not That minimum is fully supplied from under her control. If she does not animal sources from mest, milk, and use them where they are required cheese, as well as from the more or the result will be local famines. less pure animal fats included in the
That Is the crux of the matter. above computation.
The fact that there is enough foot Probably not more than 6 or 7 produced or stored on the Continent the total calories con- to meet subsistence needs, this win- per cent.
+
is not possible for a number of! Vegetables are almost everywhere reasons. One does not know ja locul crop. just how effective the blockade duction and consumption have not-sumed on the Continent are provided ter and in the future; does not mean mally balanced, and production can from vegetable or whale oils; which that nobody will starve. It merely will be; how much food will be be increased. There is a shortage of means that the loss of two-thirds of means that nobody need starve, thal is not large. Orange their supply, while it will cause some deelencles in some regions can be
itself camot in
cause offset by surpluses or stocks else- sold to Germany by Russia; how fruits, but it
production almost equals consumi-privation,
where. There will be shortages in much the remaining independenttion in years when the Mediter termine.
the Low Countries, Poland, Norway. countries will be permitted to
ranean crop, is good, and there is a
The maintenance in future years and parts of France. Whether or not of supplies of meat, animal products, they are made good depends upon Import. Nor can one make ne- surplus of lemon
"Autarchy has scored another and to a less extent grains, depends curate estimates of Continental
Fuccess in the production of sugar, upon adequate supplies of fodder and the decision of the Refchi. stocks, or of recent or future where the deficiency in the years befertilizers. Before the war the de- The legal and moral responsibility fore the war was only of the under deiency in fodder supplies was met rests with Hitler, as Professor Good- production.
of 8 per cent. The European coa-by the import of make, barley, oats, tiart demonstrated recently, but e The statistics are reasonably sumer will have to forgo cullen when and seeds for the manufacture of all may refuse to assume it, as an aid
existing stocks are exhausted, as
grains and
and cake, however, was unly the hope embittering Anglo- passenger plane by Japanese complete to the end of 1938as tea, which he has never fer cake. The total deficiency in feed to his anti-British propaganda, in relations, or simply be- he
docs not want to use i war machines, resulting in the they must be supplemented by to drink, and the third of his tobacco of the order of 10 15 per cent.; American
from Turkey and over- which came from
and the position really better than
I while this, since large quantities of home German reserves for this purpose. death of nine people, including incomplete figures for 1939, es-w
sea, but these deprivations the American pilot, Mr. W. C.timates for 1940, and guesses unpleasant, will not be injurious to produced grasses, legumes, and potn he does adopt this policy, and local There has famine results, it is important, that The most surprising Con-toes are used as feed. Kent, is just part of the fortunes for 1941 and subsequent years.tinental shortage is in wine, which been some slaughtering of animals the world should know that Gemin of war- cynicism which is Nevertheless, a careful study of France imported in vast quantities lieady, and there will have to be bounts of ample food supplies, while given additional sting by the production and trends to the from Algeria, but in this fond the more, but most Continental animals not literally true, are true enough
production.
peoples she has conquered. fact that it constitutes but one end of 1938, modified to take remainder of the Continent is just can normally be fed from domestic to enable Germany to of many barbarous acts con-into account the factors which; -nected-with-a-war-which,-accord-have been operating since that
of
sex-sufficient.
well
ing to international law, does time, does give us an idea, pro- A. J. McWHINNIE-
no1 exist!
bably not wildly inaccurate, of Technically speaking, there is the Continent's prospects of For the pur-1 little or no difference between feeding itself, deliberately shooting down an poses of this study the Continent is taken to include all Europran unarmed plane loaded with civilians and just as deliberately countries with the exception of bombing civilian populations; U.S.S.R., Turkey. the point la, both are horrible acts, without justification.
British Isles.
and the
Exaggeration
cause
of
Introduces you in this article to the
sustain the
SEVEN SEAS PATROL
HAVE just come ashore ab a northern port from a fine 11,000-on liner which is now an armed merchant cruiser.
There was an income tax collector Away on the loneliest ocean patrols
them. Thero were boys in the world-the Arctle and the among
straight from the. Universities. There North and South Atlantic-they sigh were others whose shore Jobs weren't for a sudden decision by Hitler much good, anyway. A mixed com~ try to sneak his bottled-up ships outplement.
An expression of regret from Tokyo would not have been out of place. The more charitably minded would like to think that the act was that of an irrespon- sible squadron leader with his
Where they played deck games senses temporarily blinded by distinguish between short-run! year ago, the Navy's big guns are the lust of war; but Tokyo has prospects during the coming manned to-day. displayed complete indifference, winter and the longer run. In! Where the strains of foxtrols and hoping.
Although their work is "dull" to while the Japanese news agen- the longer run, during the next rumbas used to float through the
Collingwood had to face up to the tedlum aboard ship when there was cles did not even report the oc- few years, Continental produce ship, you can now hear only an odd
mouth-organ shanty from a sailor Onding happier crews. currence; this suggests official tion can reasonably be expected an watch.
There is the ne maley atnias-no possiblity of battle. Didn't he connivance in brutality, and the to approximate to normal con- I went on board that armed mr-phere in an armed merchant cruiser say nearly 150 years ago that his attitude calls for condemnation. sumption. There will be
no chant cruiser expecting thrilling that you find in the destroyers. Yet wits were forever at work "to keep tales of roaring guns-iceberg the crews are hotch-pofclies, drawn my people employed both for health's The affair is not only surplus to be wasted or diverted thedevil aghts it set. But all the from every conceivable branch of sake and to save tiem from mis- tragedy; it is another tragic to munitions industries.
Care- blockade boys wanted to talk about the sea service,
Stated baldly, the principal
Once, she carried millionaires to of safe harbours. They yearn for But they've pulled together with conclusion is that the danger of the East. Now the Navy takes her action.
the same ideals. They share the Month after month they have been some
the disappointment. because general starvation on the Con- through the silence of the Northern tinent has been grossly exag Patrol.
loping the enemy would show up.
They know that successful bloc- gerated; but it is necessary to
Month after month they have been uns are silent. ing through the key darkness of kading was always the same. disappointed. But they sail on, peer- Northern nights .watching and i
them, you'd search the seas without
Some of the sailed in this ship Admiralty took her over and invited
So the men came top. The captain; a rugged, sun-tanned horse-loving 'squire, had a brief re- They wanted news of the indus-tirement after a fine record of naval the lives and comfort of their men-trial areas where men and girls on service. When the coll came, he put folk exposed to the dangers of war, vital work volunteer to stay at their on his uniform again. IT is commonly said that to be There may be other stages not so bombs are falling. sure of success a great cause must clearly marked, but there
blunder on the part of the ful planning of consumption and was how YOU at home were stand-
ing up, to your encounter with the when she was a luxury liner. The
Japanese militarists, for its only distribution will be required, in-feuemy." effect is further to alienate
They wanted to hear about tie the men. world opinion and to make The first is that of the natural tear women and kids whose spirit Hitler's! China more and more deter and hatred of war. Then comes the Lunters cannot kill. mined to fight to the end.
WOMEN'S DEFIANCE
protective, when the first care is for
ado $1
tenches and machines while the
Yearn for Action
Naval Reserves
Jellicoe's Pride
chief"?
And didn't Jellicoe, Commander- in-Chief of the Grand Flect from 114 to 1918, show that he appre- elated the Irind, of ·boredom you get In a worship which can't." And fight?
feel," ho said, "prouder with mand such men, and during the every day that passes that i com perion of waiting and watching they are cheerful and contented, in spite [of the grey duliness of their lives."
The destroyer boys in the Channel are getting their thrills. Very soo they expect more to come,
Whenever the tulian feat pokes nose out of safely, the Navy in the Mediterranean haw a bit of ex- sitement, too.
ཟ་;
So did the commander. He left his have the devoted support of the stage which is peculiar to, this war.
omec, set amid the roar unt bustle women of a nation. There can be Women themselves and their children ore Bung Into the Bring line, sub-
How many Umes have you been of the City, for the bleak silent no doubt of where and how the wo
its men of the British Commonwealth Jected to plarms and death
most forbidding aspects. And thiele proud of the Navy? To-day the blackness of the Northern untrol.
Navy has that same pride in you So did the okt Yeoman of Signuts, stand in this struggle to preserve pasalon of anger and hatred is con
Men who know no fear themselves with more than 30 years service in liberty, dignity, and honour. They centrated upon one mau-and__ who;
ure thrilled by you at home. In the the Royal Navy to his credit. But,
And you at home are getting know that this is peculiarly a wo can hate like a woman roused?
captain's cabin, with the commander as he told me, "me and the enptain
enough war in a night, to lust you man's cause, and that if it in lost According to some observera, many on the bridge, in the wardroom and were proud to come back."-
Then there were officers and men lifetime, everything for which they have
our successful blockading who led the seas, under the Red fought for generations will vanish. Women have come to that stage in down on the incas-decks; it was That is why every plan to help the which their predominant desire and always the same. The heroes of the
revolution is to live til vengeance ren these days are thrilled by the Ensign in other. ships but came to squadrons just sail on, though they'ro
the Navy a Royal Navy reserves, Ingolling for a Oght. war in which women have been
The longer they don't run into specially enlisted has been carried is wreaked upon the arch-criminal. bravery of the landlubbers.
They no longer fear him. They through with such energy,
defy him, and scorn his threat to They themselves haven't been get- There were business and professional
of the RN.V.ft.
work is These minnifestations of the wer grind, them down in the war of tint near the enemy, because the men who were called up as incibers action, the more successful their
Fenamy won't come out. spirit pass through various stages, nerver.
:
But