Cope, 1440
Monday,
HONGKONG TELEGRAPH
DONALD DUCK
September 30, 1940.
By Walt Disney
CAUGHT BY CADE
B. BLUB 1932
8-25
Colle. WALT DISNEY
Bart by King Pracyres Brasbeste Ine.
MAGAZINE
PAGE
EDWARD BEATTIE, United
ONE YEAR OF WAR Press Staff Correspondent, sums
up
on
this page the position of
LAND
The first year of the Second World War was a completo war in itself, a series of smash- ing blows which put the Axi powers into position for the
attack on Britain around the world.
No
Bir Ves The Germans threw up new forts winng the still unftrished Stegfant Lane, but up their
rated dis
Germany bore the entire burden of attack, but Italy and possibly Japan and Spain, were prepared to profit by Britain's concentration in the defenco of her own long island sea coast. At the end of the first Frerah Mantegy datent at trould
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+21 early year, Nazi troops hold the en. ilru coast of Europe from North Cape to the heel of Biscay, with friendly Spain beyond. It took Hitler just under ten months to seize it Philip of Spain, and later Napoleon, needed years of campaigning and diplomacy before they were in position for thrusts which failed.
In The two
months since the collapse of France, big Runs have Some been brought into position of hom can shoot into England New ale hases give the German air force Aghter protection for its thousands of bombing planes. Men and weapons have been assembled
boots concentrated lowland rivers, all for the frontal assault on England which Hitter
Reichstag Awore
would to the
come.
the
1 the Mediterranena and Africa, 1tly can strike nl the wheat of Egypt or the barren bil felds back of Palestine. In Spain, the corn- paign for an attack on Gibraltar has reopened. In the Far Eust, Japan could move on langkong or Singapore, or the French And Dutch colonles, none of which now
murti expect
help from
emald horun.
British garrisons along the line of empire are prepared for attacks which may come in overwhelming numbers. AL home, Britain better prepared for defence than she ever has been In history
studded with war.
The story of the one year which put Hitler on the channel const, and the Banking wings of his army in Brittany id the Norwegian fjord, is one of quick deadly ef- felent strokes by the modernest of all armles, matched against semi-
outmoded preparedness
от
theories of war.
•
Le
The invasion of Poland set the general keynote for the year. When the German armies struck from three sides on Sept. 1, 1939, they caught the best of the Polish armics too far forward to- ward a frontier very hard to defend, and the bulk of the army too far from full mobi- sation.
Poland, like every small or new country in Europe, could not afford the
and planes masses of guna needed in modern war to take on a major oppancot. The German air force in its first test reduced transport and communications to a shambles, making further mobili- sation next to impossible and pro- ducing such chaos that within a few days of the start the Polish army was a series of independent forces, Aghting with no idea of general plan.
Great German pincers move- ments enveloped whole army
Panzerdivi- armies. corps, then slonen, the armoured spearheads let by 500 tanks which later proved decisive in France, played havoc with the Polish supply or ganisation and reserves. The Pollah air force was virtually im- mobilised after three or four days. Bone-dry weather hardened the Polish mud, which might have beg-
down the advance.
Bed
of
By September 10, it was obvious that resistance beyond a couple months was impossible. Septem- ber 17 Russia moved Into eastern Poland, and the situation was hopeless, Warsaw held out under Bilatering barrage until Septem- ber 2; the army scraped together n the far south by General Soan. kowski lasted even longer; scat- tered resistance in the woods con- tinued for weeks. But the deci sion had been forced in the first "week" of the campaign.
The western front was static, as,
suk Κ free
2001
4 1 3 11
War dared up in the north November 30, when Russia ires med Finland. It was not the Ax war, but it would not have occurred without the war in the west.
Sohority fight lover alpest nxun waen Gemun) swept svei Denmark and into Nerway April B, but "Swedes, with the only army
einaequerice in the north, re of muired sieutral The German stroke.
by both Trojan Horse" and fifth column work, look every major port in Norway the first day- Oslo, Stavanger, Bergen, Trondheim, Egersund and Narvik.
15 ble
What forces Norway could ma- ter held out until Bellish and other allied tropa began to arrive April The Albes had no port copa- of handling heavy weaŢIONA ard the huge transport tram re- quired by a modern army Mouth- while German transports, regard- Jess of benvy Jassen, were posing traps and equipment into south Norway under a bingketing escort of bonless.
*
.
German
and bombers fighters slashed at the allied bases without opposition on save from inadequate antiair. craft machineguns and a few
SEA
Britain
at the end of the first year of
heavier weapons. There were no landing fields for British fighters in Norway, and their bases in Enginnd were too far nway. At Andalsnea and deci- Bombas planes were
SİNE
se
her which began May 10 with the stem af Holland and Belgium fed 38 days later whre. France cued for peace was 11 its eskph e the classic Schlieffen variations dictated by adess
wajems and by the for tunes of a campaign which must
carloped faster 114 even
H
it was carried out in perfect co- wdination of air force, army and J mit -brojne loops, aided by the storl by a hith column which probably was Hitler's secret weapon, lol- land and Belgium had only a frac-
od the nverssary weapons to treet the Best three threats, and nothing but improvised precautions. The to throw against the think Brush and French armies which Tarched north to meet the Ger- mans were in slightly better case.
*
The rear-guard action to Dunkirk, one of the most brillian retreats in history. the 10 Lo one!
forlorn hope battles of the gallant RAF, and the effort of the British and French navles in the channe saved 335,000 men from the Dunkirk benches, 224.318 of them British.
Paris way
WWW
The drive tormed June 5 with the attack on the un- line. t provised Somunc-Aisne wats he tute mony, There Bothing on hand to stop the ar- moured divisions, with their 500 Maks tanking frumn fast ilght vehicles to monsters of a reported 70 to 80 torn mounting 300-yard flaunt throwers nnd heavy-guns
June 17. Marshal Petain uskesi for an arın istice, despite
הל
FULL
ARMS PRODUCTION
BLAST
war.
CLIVE. UPPIN
PRELUDE TO "THE BATTLE OF BRITAIN"
Atlantic coast.
The stage was set for the attack un England.
pleas from England to remember France's premise. June 22 France signed at Compiegne giving up her
A handful of small, brilliant actions, from the Arctic Ocean to the South Atlantic highlighted the first year of naval war against the dull, routine background of convoy, patrol and the tightening of the sea blockade on Germany. The Royal Navy onded the year, despite three heavy
blows and some minor losses, at almost the same strength it pos sessed Sept. 3, 1939; with a huge building programme which put new vessels in service weekly and would shortly
normaal numbers of lighter war- ships and screened where neces- the sary by planes, seemed on basis of the first year as effective
as ever.
The moves in the naval War could not be traced like those on lond. For the most part it was # alent duel between submarine and machinery of economie blockade And
patrol anti-submarine
went into effect smoothly and without fanfare. Only occasional- ly did the sen war flare briefly. commission
The opening net came on the five ships-of-the-line; first day of general war. Septem-
ber 3. 1930. and with its command
the liner when Athenia, bound for America with civilian passenger list. of the high seas unim-
pedoed. Americans were among paired.
the 142 who lost their lives. I looked like the start of unrestricted submarine warfare, but it wasn't.
The most serious challenge to this superiority had arisen not at sea, but in the forest of Compiegne, where French. armistice delegates agreed to neutralise their fleet.
Was tor-
On September 17 the Bri- tish aircraft carrier Courage- ous was torpedoed, with a loss of 515 officers and men, Britain feared it would fall
first important casualty the into German hands, to be
British Navy had suffered combined with the German
since the World War. and Italian navies to produce
Less than a month later, October equality in tonnage for an
14, German submarine by. a onslaught on England. In brilliant feat of navigation penc two shattering actions, Oran trated Scapa Flow and fired u and Dakar, the Navy charac- salvo of torpedoes into the battle- ship Royal Oak, sending her to the teristically settled that pro-
bottom with 780 of her
crew. blem.
November 18 marked the begin- Another challenge came from the ning of the Gorman' magnetic mine air. Although the first year of campaign off the British coast, war did not settle finally the 20-effective while it was a novelty year old controversy on airplane but largely nullified by n close. versus battleship, it seemed to airplane watch on the minelayers- hint at the answer.
Destroyer, planes base in the Frisian islands, submarines and cruisers, on one and by "do-Gnussing" equipment side or the other, were sunk by to neutralise the magnetic attrne». serial bombs, Battleships, sus tion of ships tained direct hits from heavy. armour piercing bomba, and did not sink, Battleships, escorted by
On December 2, the East India- maa Rawalpindi, converted into on armed auxillary cruiser, ran afoul
of the pocket battleship Deutsch- land and a light cruiser In tho North Atlantic, and was sunk after a game but hopeless fight. She refused to strike colours."
Twelve days later, Britain got her own back when the light cruisers Exeter, Ajax and Achilles, whose total broadside was out- weighed by the guns of the pocket battleship Graf Spee, attacked ber off the mouth of the River Plate, bit at her for fourteen hours on the old Nelsonian principle of her "always attack," and chased stern-first into Montevideo with
shattered fire control, other severe his, and a casualty list of 38 dend and 00 wounded. The Grat Spee had sunk nine British merchant ships. Three days later she sank herself off Montevideo, rather than risk another fight.
her
The night of February 17, the into destroyer. Cossack steamed Norwegian waters under Admiralty orders, ran the German steamer Altmark aground in Josingtjord, and after boarding her and forcing crew overside in a hand-to- hand fight, rescued over 300 British prisoners from the ships the Graf Spee had sunk. The Allmark had been in Norwegian waters in the a peaceable merchantman. guise of a penc
April 8, the Navy mined, Nor- wegian territorial waters to close the inshore iron ore loophole from Narvik. The next day, for the only time in the war, the Ger- mon fleet "got there fastest with the mostest" and succeeded. In putting an expedillonary force on land, but at the expense of at least twelve transports and supply ships to British submarines.
April 10, fivé British de- stroyera dashed into Narvik, took on six heavier and more modern Germans, sinking
one, setting three on fire and destroying six supply ships in the harbour and a munitions carrier outside. Two British Three days ships were lost. later they were back again, led by the battleship War- spite, and sank seven more German destroyers and some other ships.
There are other highlights-the subinoring which put torpedoes into two cruisers off the Elbe, the destroyers which led up to the
quny
at Calais and dueled the German feld artillery. But the great feat of the navy was the evacuation from Dunkirk, a melan-
choly job ending melancholy campaign, but executed with great brilliance against odds which al- ways looked crushing,
The navy, helped by the strangest collection of rowboats, motorboats, sidewheelers, pleasure yachts and colllera ever assembled, took of 333,000 men in roughly five days, off the beaches, from the plers, swimming in the water, and under one of the most concentrated ale and land barrages over brought - to bear on one spot.
In
The destruction of some of the most powerful units of the French fleet, at Oran June 3 and Dakar Juns
B, was a necessary job about which the Navy docm't talk much. But the second action suc succeeded because of the greatest Individual feat of the wa. LA Commander Bristowe, a reserve officer from the London Block Exchange, took a naval launch over, the defence nets,. set off
undar underwater charges
the stern of the biggest French war- ship, the 35,000 ton Richelieu, and escaped pursuit Planes from carrier completed the attack. The British left the Richelieu settled by the stern and badly wounded.
One Empire ship performed brilliantly in the Mediterranean. The Australian cruiser Sydney, outgunned by two to one, took on the Italian Bartolomeo Collconi a sister ship, of the class called: "fastest in. the world," sank the Bartolomeo and put the other; to fight,
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