DONALD DUCK
Monday,
HONGKONG TELEGRAPH
BLUB
8-23
·MAGAZINE
September 30, 1940,
By Walt Disney
PAGE
EDWARD BEATTIE,
CAUGHT BY CAL
8.3. BLUB 1932
WALT DISNEY~|
United
ONE YEAR OF WAR Press Staff Correspondent, sums
up
on this page
LAND
the position of Britain
The first year of the Second World War was a complete war in itself, a series of smash- ing blows which put the Axis powers into position for the
attack on Britain around the world.
Germany bore the entire burden of attack, but Italy and possibly Japan and Spain, were prepared to profit by Britain's concentration in the defence of her own long island sen coast.
At the end of the firm vor. Nazi troups hold the ent tre Cost of Euroşan from North Cape to the h Biscay, with friendly Spuan beyond. It k Hather quot ander ten months to seize it Philip t Spon. I dale Napoleon, needed
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at the end of the first year of war.
heavier weapons. There were no landing Belds for British fighters in Norway, and their bases in England were too far
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In the Mediterranean and Alia». italy strike at the when of Ex or the burren oil Belds buck of Palestine In Spain. De non- palgo to an attack on Gibralta lina reopened. In the Fu: Eant, Japan could move on Hoagkang or Kingapore, or the French Dutch colonies, none of which now could export much help home.
British garrisuns along the line of empire are prepared for attacks which muy are in overwhelming numbers. AL horne, Briloin better prepared for defence than
ugt \f she ever has
bistory studded with war.
The story of the one your which putler on the channel const, and the Banking wings of his army Heittnuy unst the Norwegian 211 fjord, is one of quick deadly ef Belent strokes by the modernest of all armies matched against semi- preparedness
butmoded
theurles of Wat
•
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The invasion of Poland set the general keynote for the the German When year.
struck armies
from three sides on Sept. 1, 1939, they caught the best of the Polish armies too far forward to- ward a frontier very hard to defend, and the bulk of the army too far from full mobi- sation.
the
Poland, like every small or new country in Europe, could not afford and planes masses of guna needed in modern war to take on 11 major opponent. The German ale force in its first test reduced transport and communications to a shambles, making further mobili- sation next to impossible and pro- ducing such chaos that within a few days of the start the Polish army was a series of independent forces, fighting with no idea of general plan.
Great German pincers move- monts enveloped whole army
Panzerdivi- corps, then armies. sionen, the armoured spearheads later let by 500 tanks which proved decisivo in France, played havoc with the Polish supply or- ganisation and
The reserves. Polish air force was virtually im- mobilised after three or four days. Bone-dry weather hardened the Polish mud, which might have beg-
advance.. ged down the
By September 10, it was obvious that resistance beyond a couple of months was impossible. Septem- ber 17 Russia moved into eastern
the Poland, and
situation was hopeless. Warsaw held out under a blistering barrage until Septem- ber 27; the army scraped together In the far south by General Soan- kowski Justed even longer; scat- tered resistance in the woods con- tinued for weeks. But the depi slon had been forced in the Arst week of the campaign,
The western front was static, as
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ed by Julh Horse" and ith column work, took
Norway The every major port on fest day Osky Stavanger. Bergen Trondheim, Egersund Nik
What forces Nutway could les held out until Ettish an utter albed trougey began to active April
The Allies had to peet compar
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and Pie huge transport trade se quired by as mo fem army while German Uansport, iegard. less of heavy tonnes, were puntig troops and equipment inter south Norway under a blanketing escort
n bombe
•
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German bombers 4714 fighters slashed at the allied bases without opposition on save from inadequate antinir- craft machineguns and a few
SEA
APLINOIS
author
The
Vien
Fri hev rakh to meet 450rns were in slightly better cas
The rear-guard action to Dunkirk, one of the mori brilliant retrents in history, The 10 te one forlorn hope of the gallan RAF, battl
and the flori of the British and French navies in the ennel saved 335,000 men From the Dunkirk beaches, 224,318 of them British.
The dive turned or Parts way June 5 with the attack on Be -
It ] +4
Somme Aishe har
Wan
Maine steny There was nothing on hand to stop the ar- moured divisions. with the 500 Tanks FARHA In un Just Bight vehicles to monsters of a reported 70 to 80 tons mounting 300-yard dame throwers and heavy-guns
Ол June 17, Marsund asked fer an nemistice,
Petin despite
ULL BLAST
ARMS PRODUCTION
CLIVE.UPPYON
PRELUDE TO "THE BATTLE OF BRITAIN" pleas from England to remember June 22 France France's promise. signed a Complegne giving up her
A handful of small, brilliant actions, from the Arctic Ocean to the South Atlantic highlighted the first year of naval war against the dull, routine background of convoy, patrol and the tightening of the sea blockade on Germany. The Royal Navy ended the year, despite three heavy
blows and some minor losses, at almost the same strength it pos- sessed Sept. 3, 1939; with a huge building programme which put new vessels in service weekly and would shortly
commission
five ships-of-the-line; and with its command of the high seas unim- paired.
The most serious challenge to this superiority had arisen not at sea, but in the forest of Compiegne, where French armistice delegates agreed to neutralise their fleet.
ди
normal numbers of Alghter
war-
ships and screened where neces- sary by planes, seened on the bast of the first year as effective
(13 ever,
in the naval wor The moves could not be traced like those on land. For the most part it was a shent duct between submarine and machinery of economic blockade and the tint-submarine putrol went into effect smoothly and without fanfare. Only occastunal- ly did the sea war flare briefly
the The opening bet came uni first day of generni war. Septem- ber 3. 1939.
when the liner Athenia, bound for America with clyllinn passenger list, was tor- pedoed. Americans were among the 142 who lost their lives. It looked like the start of unrestricted cubmarine warfare, but it wasn't.
On September 17 the Bri- tish aircraft carrier Courage- ous was torpedoed, with a loss of 515 officers and men, first important casualty the British Navy had suffered since the World War.
Britain feared it would fall into German hands, to be combined with the German and Italian navies to produce
Less than a month later, October equality in tonnage for
14, a German submarine by a onslaught on England. In brilliant feat of navigation pene- two shattering' actions, Oran trated Scapa Flow and, fired a salvo of torpedoes into the battle- and Dakar, the Navy charac-:
ship Royal Oak, sending her to the teristically settled that pro-,
.bottom with 780 of her crew. blem.
November 10 marked the begin- Another challenge, came from the,ning of the German magnetle mine Although the first year of arapaign off the British coast,
affective while it
a novelty war did not setile anally the 20- year old controversy on airplane but largely nullified by a close versus battleship, it seemed to airplane watch on the minelayers hint at the answer. Destroyer, plates base in the Frisian islands, submarines and cruisers, on one
and by "de-Gaussing" equipment side or the other, were sunk by to neutralise the magnetic attrac- aerial bombs. Battleships BUS- tion of ships.. tained direct hits from heavy armour piercing bombs, and did not sink. Battleships, escorted by
air.
was
On December 2 the East India~. mon Rawalpladi converted into an armed auxilary cruiser, ran afoul
of the pocket battleship Deutsch- land and a light cruiser in the North Atlantic, and was sunk after She againe, but hopeless night. refused to strike colours.
Twelve days later, Britain gol her own
when back
the light cruisers Exeter, Alux und Achilles,
was
DUI- whose totul broadside weighed by the guns of the pocket battleship Graf Spee, attacked her uff the mouth of the River Plate, bit at her for fourteen hours on
of the
old Nelsonian principle "always attacks," and chased her slorn-first into Montevideo with shattered fire control, other severe hits, and a casualty list of 36 dead and 60 wounded. The Grof Spee nd sunk nino British merchant ships, Three days later she sank herself of Montevideo, rather than risk another fight.
The night of February 17, the destroyer Cossack steamed into Norwegian waters under Admiralty orders, ran the German steamer Altmark aground in Josingfjord, and after boarding her and forcing crew overside in a hand-to- ber hand fight, rescued over 300 British prisoners from the ships the Graf Spee had sunk. The Altmark had been in Norwegian walors in the guise of a peaceable merchantmat. April 8, the Navy mined Nor wegian territorial waters to close iron the Inshore
ore loophole from Narvik. The next day, for the only time in the war, the Ger- man fleet got there fustest with the mostest and succeeded in putting an expeditionary force on "land, but at the expense of at least twelve transports and supply ships to British submarines.
}
April 10, five British de- stroyers dashed into Narvik, took on alx heavier and more sinking modern Germana,
Atlantic coast.
The stage was set for the attack on England.
one, setting three on fire and destroying six supply ships in the harbour and a munitions carrier outside. Two British ships were lost. Three days later they were back again, led by the battleship War- spite, and sank seven more German destroyers and some other ships.
the
There are other highlights-the submarine which put torpedoes into two cruisers off the Elbe, the tied up to the destroyers which quay at Calals and dueled the
But German feld artillery. great feat of the navy was the evacuation from Dunkirk, a melan- melancholy choly job ending a campaign, but executed with great brilliance against odda which al- ways looked crushing.
The
by navy, Belped strangest collection of rowboats, motorboats, sidewheelers, pleasure yachts and colliers ever assembled, took off 335,000 men in roughly five days, off the beaches, from the plers, swimming in the water, and under one of the most concentrated air and land barrages ever brought to bear on one spai
the
The destruction of some of the
most powerful units of the French fleet, at Oran June 3, and Dakar June 8, was a necessary job about which the
talk Navy doesn't much.
action But the second succeeded because of the greatest 1. individual feat of the war.
reserve Commander Bristowo, a officer from the London Stock naval launch in over the defence nots, set off the Exchange, took underwater charges under stern of the biggest French war- ship, the 35,000 ton Richelieu, und escaped pursuit. Planes from carrier completed the attack, The British left the Richelieu settled by the stern and badly wounded.
One
performed Empire ship brilliantly in the Mediterranean. The Australian cruiser Sydney, outgunned, by two to one, took on the Italian Bartolomeo Colleoni called a sister ship, of the class "fastest in the world," sank the. Bartolomeo and put the other to fight.
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