8-10
DONALD DUCK
Monday,
HONGKONG
TELEGRAPH
MAGAZINE
SCIENCE IN WAR
Germany has
mobilised
her scientific
resources for conquest. How does Britain stand in this regard? Book reviewed here, which has been compiled by a group of British scientists, states the problems and gives the answers.
WE
7E live in a technolognal
world, which means a
world inde proble
scientific discovery 1 te t not muke full use of stjente
the arid
atul {et h༈tse}kkc»« mechanisms that
makes available, we shall not make the fallesi 4:44:4
E whatever we undertake.
Science and scientifte method (besides being pure know.
lasted by Penguin Books Lia. is that we have lagged badly behind the Germans in realising the importaner, or rather the necessity, of ex ploiting scientific technique to The uttermost in modern war. and that we cannot hope to win unless we speedily take steps to repair our error.
HOW many people know that a German professor called Haber enabled Germany
By Professor JULIAN HUXLEY
122
ledge) constitute strument for acquiring con. trol of the world. It İN only an instrument and thus can be used for ends that are good, bad, or indifferent. But it is also the only instru ment for securing efficient control of the forces which aurround us.
The main thesis of "Science in War," a volume just pub-
to
fight for four years in the last Without his discovery war?
of how to make nitrates from The nitrogen of the air. Ger- many would have had neither fer. enough explosives nor Lilisera for more than two or almost three years.
And one example from this wat. The magnetic mine seemed to constitute a major threat to our shipping. But
Even fifty years ago Germany was thinking in terms of balloonist troops. A German engineer named George Rodek was the inventor of this saddle-balloon. A saddle with stirrups Ptook the place of the ordinary balloon car. Around him were suspended various instruments including a grappling fron fixed to the belt at his back, and sandbags securely within his reach. A powerful Incandescent searchlight was turned on at will by a string held in his hand. That was before the invention of
anti-aircraft gun.
within a few weeks of the first dismantiement of an unex- ploded mine, science had not only discovered but applied methods for making sterl ships as safe from the new menace as wooden ones.
What of the present and the future? The authors of this book claim not only that the Germans have been much more scientific than we in de. veloping the tank (a British invention) and the strategy of tank-warfare -- which fairly evident—but that scien- tilic imagination, drawing on the experience of the Spanish War, could by now have solved the problem of anti-tank
measureN.
*
ક્ષ
THEY assert that the failures of our and the French anti-tank guns could
have been prophesied, and that without doubt the solution seems to be in the liberal use of high explosives, probably in large grenades.
Food is one of the major problems of modern war.
Here, too, Germany is being more scientiße than we, for instance, in issuing vilamin supplements to all children. Our authors maintain that for less than £2,000,000 a year every man, woman and child in this country could be pro- vided with a "vitamin biscuit"
September 23, 1940.
By Walt Disney
SAFETY ISLAND
(DALD
PAGE
containing enough of the len Important minerals to main- tain health even if the rest of the dict were grossly deficient in protective foodstuffs,
In general, the nation's food policy in this war has not been a scientific one. That does not mean that scientists have not been consulted or that scienti- fic ideas have played no part; but policy as a whole has been a compromise between the ideas of the scientists, tradi- tion, the views of the National Farmers' Union, and various vested interests. If it had been radically scientific, it would have posed the problem in straightforward terms--- first, how will it be possible to ensure to every human being in Britain a diet up to the standard which modern physiology has discovered to be necessary for full energy? Secondly, how can we econo- mise to the maximum extent (consonant with our foreign economic policy) on shipping space needed for imported food?
If the Government had thought along these lines, we should by now have had a very different result, both in the pattern of our agriculture and the average diet of the people.
Here are a few of the other topics which the book raises. This war is producing new types of wounds. Science is beginning to think out new ways of treating and prevent-
ing them; but the efforts are haphazard and fragmentary, not co-ordinated on & large scale.
miniature
4
New and rapid methods enable X-ray photo- graphs to be taken for few pence instead of nearly as many shillinga.
these By atliling methods, nil recruits both for the services and for industry could be X-rayed, and 50 early diagnosis of tuberculosis (and other diseases) obtained. This would monke not riliency. unly for increased wh but better national health in the future
Camoudinge depends on perfectly Belalte principles. which have been, very thoroughly studied by biologists and physiologists. Yet, potser und execution1 hurve been left almost entirely the hands. of civil servants and artists, with, il appentrs, some mat very motisfac- tory results
Euch of these particular erities TRIAN
But be In serious enough. hind them is unething more scri- ous breuse more general--an un- willingness In
think in selentitie terms, a resistance to new ideas, a failure to apply setentie method if the rudien and thoroughgoing There which SPIKY
Is hecessary. are exemptions. For instance. science seems to be used adinir- ably and fully in all branches of Dviation.
But a great many selentials are not being employed at all for war purposes, and most of the rest are merely used in advisory commit- tees. This means that their job is to answer questions that are put 1は Inem; wherens any research worker knows that the first and In some ways most important busi- ness of science is to suggest new questions. The background of our Civil Service is literary and his- turical, and its methods are on the whole critical and designed to tuimise the risk of making mus- takes instead of scientific and de- signed to achieve results.
in
THE military mind is s large measure traditional instead of experimental. In general there Is an unconscious resistance, some. times in the highest quarters, to the idea that science can be useful in purely human subjects like pro- paganda or morale, and to the use of scientifle method in the general planning of the national effort,
mcons
on
that
But it is no longer possible to succeed by merely relying Tradition. For better
worse, the world to-day is a technologi- cal world, and that the war can only be won by the utmost possible utilisation of We have splendid selen- science, tinc resources. It
urgently nocessary that they be fully mobiilsed and used in the right ways and the right places.
15
GERMANY'S ACHILLES HEEL
row much oil does Hitler's
Austria,
H Europe need? Germany herself, including Czecho-slovakia and occupied Poland, normally requires about eight million tons per annum. France's requirements amount to about seven million tons, while Italy needs some 3 million tons annually. Among the smaller countries Rumania normally consumes 1.9 million tons, Holland 1.6 millions, Sweden 1.2 millions, Denmark 0.9 million and Bel. gium 0.7 million.
Allowing for the needs of the rest of Europe (excluding Spoln Portugal and Turkey), the total quantity of all needed by Hiller's Europe adds up to no less thun 27 millions fons per annum.
..
Consumption can of course be reduced without any harmful effect on production and trade by the Imitation of private motoring and by rigorous economy in other uses. Further in view of the reduction in shipping movements due to the British blockade, the quantity oil needed for bunkering
purposes will be below, normal. It in very unlikely, however, that Europe's consumption can be': cut below about 1 million tons per annum without crippling trade and Inland... transport,
How far can Hitler meet these needs from Continental European sources? On the most favourable assumptions Greater Germany may be able to produce about 3 million fors per unnum; this figure in- cludes crude oil well as oil pro- duced from coal and by other methods. In the present year, however, the German output may not reach this figure.
France, Albanio, Hungary and Estonia can add somewhat more than one million tons annually.
Much the most important source of supply, however, is Rumanin That country is now producing at the rate of rather more then 6 million tons per annum.
But even if none of the Ru- manian all were allowed to leave Europe and even if all of it could be transported to Central, Western could not securo more than about and Northern Europe, the Nazis
12 million tons pe annum in the most favourable circumstances, leaving a deficiency of û million tons.
Indeed, unless Germany, can ob-
·tain access to additional sources of supply, Europe as a whole will be desperately short of ell, and Its Industries and transport will be crippled. The stocks secured "In. France and the Low Countries can at best postpone the difficulties for a few months. 70%
Where is Germany likely to look for additional supplies? Ruasta now produces at the rate of about 30 milion tons per annum, and a large proportion of her oilfields are located in Southern Russia, with Black pipelines leading into the Sea. But Russia hoa virtually nothing to spare.
Iraq can supply about four mil- Hon tons per annum by way of the pipelines lending to the Mediter- ranean through Syria 'and Pales- fine.
Iran, which is even less acces-
sible, can produce more than ten million tons annually.
But although the French Gov- ernment of Syria has now ap- parently fallen in with the Petain regime, the British Navy should be able to prevent shipments from that source, to' Europe..
How will Itler attempt to solve this problem? If access to the Near East across the Dardanelles is barred by the danger of a conflict with Turkey and Russia, and it he is prevented from reaching his ob- jeative by sen by the British Navy, the only qther-but by no means unguarded-route: open to him Is along the coast of North Africa, across the Suez Canal. MEMWALTER HILL
ANCHOR
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STOCK MARKET
REPORT
Hongkong Stock Exchange Official Summary issued Saturday says:
The firm tone at yesterday's close |was carried into to-day's short morn- Ing session, with business resulting in higher rates for Lands and Trams.
Buyers
H.K. Banks $1,305 H.K. Fire Ins: $150 Providents $4.40 Trams $15.85
Star Ferries $58 Yauma Ferries $21.50
Lights (old) $0.95 Lights (new) $4 Electrics (old) $38.10 Electrics (new) $37.75 Telephones (old) $24 Ropes $6.50
Dairy Farms $18,50 Watsons $8.80 Entertainments $6.80
Sellers
Cunton Ins: $200 Hotels $3.00 Trams $10 Lights (old) $7.15 Telephones (old) $24.50 Dairy Farms $10
Sales
H.K. Govet: 4% Loan 90; Union Ins: $495 Providents $4.45 Lands $31.25 Truns $15.00 Telephones (old) $24.25
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
FURTHER DONATIONS TO THE BRITISH BOMBER FUND
A total of $1341,207.81 was reached on Saturday by the War Fund inaugurated by the 8. C. M. Post, Ltd.
The latest donations are:
Doris & Robbie Mallar. (In memory of James Punchton) ... $10 "Sale of Serup? · {Purther dona-,
tion)
Harbour Onco Nickel, de, Dime
[Weekly]
P. 8.. 8, Chicken feed (Weekly Jardine's Shipping and Friends
"donation);
Cadranguler Bwimming Gala
Baraors, Cic. Sole Agents:
W. S. SHERLY & CO. 20-22 Queen's Rd., C.
PEAS
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W. R. Loxley
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"The Hongkong
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ENTRIES
CLOSE
at 5 p.m. on Monday, Sept. 30
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