Thursday:
HONGKONG TELEGRAPH
August 15, 1940.
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Hongkong Telegraph.
Thursday, August 15, 1940.
Wyndham St., Hongkong Telephone: 20015
THE prens "special to the Telegraph" by wed by the Hongkong Telegraph" to indiente fews which is strictly copyright utter the provisions of the Telecom- calluny fdmance, 1936. Huch news as hear the indication "C" is received in Hanghang on the date of publication by the United Press Assortations, who re serve all rights and forbid republication, either wholly or in part without previous arrangement.
Japan and Britain
The accumulation of events which recently threatened to restilt in an open break between Britain and Japan in the Far East has slowed down to a speed which is still "aleve the normal tempo but which gives an opportunity for the responsible to pause and readjust themselves realistically to
OneS
an either side
BELGI
OCCUPIED
TERRITORY
PARIS
FRANCE
NAHBURY
MUND
400 BIKES
BEALIN
MAGDESURG
GERMANY ALSO
IS VULNERABLE
They provide nearly one-half her destruction of any one of which mining output, half the steel and would be almost taataniount to de- a quarter of the machine and feal, since each city plays an import- ant part in the economie organisa- chemical industries. Further tion of the Reich.
300 MS
GERMAN
100 MILES
N
BESAN KRIST
އ
south within the same distance are some of the chief industrial cities of Bavarin.
In short,
The destruction of Cologne would summed up the "Economist," 50 mean the stoppage of metallurgical supplies for all Western Germany. per cent. of total industry, 67 transport and of manufactured food per cent. of heavy industry and Munich would represent loss of 57 per cent. of export output are foodstuffs, wood and pharmaceutical less than one half-hour's fight raw, innlerials for all the south. Magdebur demolished-no more (150 miles) from the west front. cloth and, most important, deriva-
Since these calculations were tives of benzine. made, of course, the invasions of "All the big cities are situated Holland and Belgium, over which on the edge of the Releh. They can we could not fly before, have be reached from France is less than on hour, Converging streams of Hwith Britain in the ruler, her export industry, rich
closer an ad How does Germany compare armaments, and 12 per cent. of trought many areas of Germany attackers and, moreover, a natural
ArCa
✩
SAVARJA
MUNICHI
'nearer to British ole bases by the deneutralisation of the Low Coun- tries), the most visible and most bombable' of European capitals.
"Extending over twice the
urea
en-
ability of her industries and target, indeed, for our bombers hases. towns? It is often supposed.
Since Hitter came to power, it is that Britain is far more vulner
true, there has been much deliberate Within the 60-mile-from- decentralisation of industry, especial- able than Germany. Is this so?
A rough comparison was made France belt lie vastly important ly war industry, and many of her the furthest corners of the Reich. recently. It showed that nearly regions such as the Saar, whose aircraft factories are tucked away in one half of Germany's total in- industry is as concentrated as But, as waar leaflet and reconnaissence of Paris, with its factories massed dustry and nearly 60 per cent. that of London, and the indus- fights have shown, there is no part together in the East, and its houses of her heavy and armament trial areas of Baden. Within 50 of Germany which our bombers in compact blocks, Berlin, as well as industry (which would most miles from the coast is Ham- could not reach. Our pilots, too, being vulnerable from every side, is after these fights, know their way not built to offer, resistance. Possess- con- burg, where 14 per cent. Of well about the country. Also, moving few reserves and counting interest the bomber) are centrated within un
no Germany's whole industry i8 ing industry is a slow job and it in tirely on the continued provision of that any large scale raw materials if it is to survive, the part of which is more than 160 crammed into a one-thousandth not likely
transfer from the west has yel taken capital of the Releh could not pre- miles from the French frontier. part of her aren.
vide for itself if air attack were to Within half an hour of leaving The 50-100 mile belt contains
pince,
The Germans themselves realise cut off its communications for two their grounds our fastest boni- great chemical, engineering and the vulnerability of their chief cities, or three days. The city is spread bers could reach any one of motor (presumably now armat- I have before ine an article written out over a wide area, with an in- these targets. They could be ment) works, the destruction of by Lieut. Ernst Rasche, a former mense number of nerve centres
Is German war-pilot. It entitled without natural defence.
"When we remember that other home again in another half which would embarrass Ger- "Easy to Bomb Berlin," and he
big cities of the Reich -are even hour to reload and repeat the many's war effort considerably, writes:
Belch abounds in spots that easier to reach, we can understand In the 100-150 mile belt comie the two great industrial areas of are weak from a military point of that Germany, more than any other Germany cannot defend country. his good cause to fear an
ten thousand norial war." with eight or even
"dase.
the Rhineland and Westphalia slew
The comparison showed that which alone account, for a quar- chines (if she hon many A. P. Luscombe Whyte a penetration of 100 miles into ter of Germany's total industry. ghters) its score of great cities the
England from the coast (to which distance must be added the sea crossing from grounds in Germany, Belgium or even in captured. France, if these last could be maintained against concentrated British "preven tive bombing") would cover a little less than half our heavy industry.
It seems, then, that, from this point of view,
Germany is
the situation in an attempt to recon virtually as vulnerable as We rife contieng interests and to re- gear the sensitive machine of inter-
national co-operation for continued
service.
Conversations will persons of dif- ferent antionality in Hongkong show that there is ready to our hands jig saw puzzle-of which the Canton Hliver, evacuation,_blockade...boycott.. armus trafe and espionage arrests are pieces which the British and the Japanese could. with little give and take on both sides, assemble harmoniously and to their mutual advantage. It is not heresy to leave the Chungking Government out of such negotiations,, since the questions immediately concerned conut be affected by them-nor will they affect them directly-and they ate not matters important enough shade long term policy betwein Japan and Britain except favourably by reason of the possibility of future co-operation which, such agreement would imply.
to
The Canton River agreement, for example, is in dispute. There is a question of pilotage fees and the employment of naval pilots and pp. proved stevedores. The Japanese have thought up some new regula- tions. But both Britain and Japan are engaged in hostilities; both make new regulations almost every day, Retaliatory measures are
4:00- merang when both sides are the losers.
While Itat conceding that the Japanese have been correct Dr justified in their demands against the British ship in question, we should realistically remember that traffe between the two ports is a highly profitable proposition Just now, somebody is losing money without gaining anything more substantial than a reputation for sticking to ogreements.
What is vastly more important is" that in not patebing up this very suna afair-small in comparison with the big issues involved else- where-a golden chance for col- laboration is disappearing, Japanese business imen deplore the short- comings of their own military which hus sabotaged many felendly ap- pronelies but it seems feasible to suppose that officers of other armles much nearer home than the Japanese are capable of causing "incidents" unless the civilian victim has learned
- foreigners in the Far East are Icurning that It pays to avoid the military as much as possible.
It may be that many of the breaches between Japanese and Bri-
tish interests are due to the tendency to transfer anything savouring of an
are. It is a point of view which leaves out of account the superiority of our fighters and defence mechanism.
Not long ago the "Economist" summed up the German position. It showed that within 50 miles (ten minutes flight) from Allied air bases or the coast were con centrated no less than 11 per cent. of Germany's total indus- trial output, one-tenth of her heavy industries, including
important divergence in policy to Government hands, giving it an official and irrevocable form which discourages spontaneous settlement or friendly and informal discussions. Whatever the cause of the con- stant friction between two great Powers in
in the Far East It is certain- ly not too late to clear one corner of the vast ampitheatre of war of misunderstandings which deserve no greater name and which can lead to an extension of co-operation further afield without, un our part, betray- ing a China with whose cause we sympathise and without, on Japan's part, incurring needless enmity In a
fcult situation.
FUNNY SIDE UP
ABNER DEAN
Đạn, làth by Pulled Tasker
METHODS OF
BOMBING
What the Air Ministry's technical bombing terms mean
HIGH LEVEL
LOW LEVEL
DIVE
GLIDE
HIGH-LEVEL BOMBING
owing to the danger of blast damng- ng the aircraft above. DIVE BOMBING
The safest but most highly skilled and perhaps least accurate form of hambing employed by raiders. The The most terrifying form of bomb- aircraft approach the target at a hi but not necessarily the most great heiglit, make rapid calculations destructive. The bonbein are open involving speed, wind, temperature, to the same and even greater risk et before carefully aiming their thun in low-level bombing, but bombs.
wwing to the fact that they dive and
If they score a direct hit (and it aim their aircraft at the target they. js not easy) the tremendous pene- can usually ensure greater accuracy, trative power of A heavy Lomb Moreover, the bombs fall at an angle
thuse damage above
dropped from height makes it certain which may enable them to that the destruction will be great. more superlleinf On the other hand, the pilot has to ground,
drop his bombs 1 miles away when GLIDE BOMBING -flying-ut.-say, 10,000 and at this.
height a simple misenlculation of
The bombers come in at a great
wind strength is enough to deflect height, then switch off their engines the bombs 70 or 80 fest.
to avoid detection and glide towards. Under ideal conditions the bomb the target. Essentially a form of iner would like a clear, straight high-level bumbing except, of course,
vik
S or 4 miles across his that the tireraft are losing height ull target to
ensure anything like ac- the time.
As between day and night bomb- curacy. In practles, gunfire and
fighters confuse his alm and make ing it must be understood that there it as difficult as possible for him to is a world of difference. Except on a bright night, under a full moon, sight his target.
where shadows are not confusing, it LOW-LEVEL BOMBING
is never so simple to pick out a tar-
Very dangerous for the aircraft get by night as by day. Certain because they are open to pom-poen, shull arms and other fire from the
Buch
bridges,
harbours.
railway lines, roads, slips at tround as well as running a risk of sea, etc. fall of which are known to meeting obstructions such as balloon the R.A.F. as "self-illuminated" tar- Nevertheless, it is an fets), show up even by starlight. barrages, accurate method of bombing which Other night objectives usually have ས་ས་ས་་ can be very telling if the pilots are to be illuminated by parachute flores can feet determined and retain their nerve.. before the bomb aimer
not confident of hitting them. such attacks
G. E.
Heaviest calibre bombs usually suitable for
By Abner Dean
"I told Suzio about our secrot ́öfőpémont, dear
you get a friand for her, too?****
can
aru
STRATEGY TEST:
1. Which are the important
Greek ports?
2. How far is Greece from
(a) Italy (b) Turkey?
3. Has Greece a navy, army,
nir force?
4. Which are the fortified
•Bruss
TURKEY Smyrna
Italian Islands between Turkey and Greece which threaten both Greece and Turkey?
5. Which are the nearest British possessions to Greece?
ANSWERS
1. Salbaticu (in which Yugo- Slavia has a free zoRC), Piraeus, Καναία (in which
Bulgaria has a free zone), 2. Both Italy (Albania)
Turkey have common fron tlers with Greece and are separated by only short dis- tances by sea, c.g. (a) 100 miles, (b) 50 miles.
3. Navy: 2 old cruisers, 10 de- atrouers, 6 submarines. Arm]: 80,000 regulars, 600,000 war
about. strength. Ale ́ ́ Forcė:
300 planes.
4. The Dodecanese Islands, 5. Malta 450 miles; Alexandria 250 mtica; Cyprus 200 miles, In the event of war in the Mediterranean probable that Turkey would disk Greece Jor acecar to Greek ports, for there ports would provide bases the Turicla, and Allied navíès, and a base "auch as Salonika) would provide a first-class jump-! ́ing-of'point' for striking through
to S.E. Germany,
for