Thursday,
HONGKONG TELEGRAPH
August 15, 1940-
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The
Hongkong Telegraph.
Thursday, August 15, 1940.
Wyndham St., Hongkong Telephone: 28615
THE preda "Special to the Telegraph" Je used by the tongkong Telegraph to indicate news which is strictly copyright under the provisions of the Telecommuni- callouts Ardinance, 1006. Such new a bears the indication "Up" is freeived in Itongkong on the date of publication by The United Press Associations, who Fo servo all rights and forsta republication. either wholly or in part without previous arrangement.
Japan and Britain
The aevumulation of events which recently threatened to result in an
open break between Britain and Japan in the Far East has stowed down to a speed which is still above the normal tempo but which gives an opportunity for the responsible ones on either side to pause and readjust themselves realistically to the situation in un attempt to recon- eile conflicting Interests and to re-
gear the sensitive machine of inter- national co-operation for continued
service.
Conversations with persons of dif- ferent nationality In Hongkong show that there is ready to our hands fig saw puzzic-of which the Canton River, evacuation, blockade, boycott,
arms-traffic-and-espionage-arrests. are pieces which the British and the Japanese could, with a little give and take on both sides, assemble harmoniously and to their mutual advantage. It is not heresy to leave the Chungking Government out of such negotiations, since the questions Immediately concerned cannot be affected by Them-nor will they affect them directly--and they are not matters important enough to shade long term policy between Japan and Britain except favourably by reason of the possibility of future co-operation which such agreement would imply.
The Canton River agreement, for example, is in dispute. There is n question of pilotage fees and the employment of naval pilots find ap- proved stevedores. The Japanese have thought up some new regula- tlons. But both Britain and Japan are engaged in hostilities; both make new regulations almost every day. Retallatory measures are Д boa- merang when boʻl sides are the losers.
the
While not conceding that Japanese have been corrector Justified in their demands against the British ship in question, we should realistically remember that traffic between the two ports is a highly profitable proposition Just now, somebody is losing money without galhing anything more substantial than a reputation for sticking to agreements.
What is vastly more important is that in not patching up this very small affair-small in comparison with the big issues involved else- where-a golden chance for col- Inboration is disappearing, Japonese business men deplore the short- comings of their own military which has sabotaged many friendly ap- proaches but it seems feasible to suppose that officers' of ethor armies mach nearer home thun the Japanese are capable of causing "Incidents" unless the civilinn victim has learned as foreigners in the Far East are learning that it pays to avold the military as much as possible,"
It may be that many of the breaches between Japanese and Bri-
tish interests are due to the tendancy to transfer, anything savouring of an
ELGII
JOCCUPIED
TERRITORY,
PARIS
400 FRES
BERLIN
MACOL FUNG
GERMANY ALSO
IS VULNERABLE
They provide nearly one-half her destruction of any one of which mining output, half the steel and would be almost tantamount to de- a quarter of the machine and feat, since each city ploys an import. ant part in the economic organisa- chemical industries. Further ton of the Reich.
300 MILES
ERMANY
200 MALE
FRAKKICKI
"The destruction of Cologne would'
south within the same distance are some of the chief industrial cities of Bavaria. In short, summed up the "Economist," 50 men the stoppage of metallurgical per cent. of total industry, 67 transport and of manufactured food per cent, of heavy industry, and ples for all Western Germany
Munich
would represent loss of 57 per cent. of export output are foodstuffs, wood and pharmaceutical less than one half-hour's flight raw materials for all the south.
Magdeburg demolished — no more. (150 miles) from the west front cloth and, most important, deriva-
Since these calculations were tives of benzine. made, of course, the invasions of "All the big cities are situated Holland and Belgium, over which on the edge of the Reich. They can we could not fly before, have be reached from France in less than an hour. Converging streams of TOW does Germany compare armaments, and 12 per cent, of brought many areas of Germany attackers ind, moreover, a natural bruniy much closer to British autres Berlin tow brought much
FRAN C. E
BAVARIA
Hwith Britain in the vulner, her export industry, rich
ability of her industries and target, indeed, for our bombers. towns? It is often supposed that Britain is far more vulner- able than Germany. Is this so?
bases.
reserves
arca
'nearer to British air bases by the Since Hiller came to power, it is deneutralisation of the Low Coun true, there has been much deliberate tries), the most visible and most Within the 50-mile-from- decentralisation of industry, especial- bombable' of European capitals. A rough comparison was made France belt lie vastly important ly war industry, and many of her
"Extending over twice the recently. It showed that nearly regions such as the Saar, whose aircraft factories are tucked away in the furthest corners of the Reich. one half of Germany's total in- industry is as concentrated as But, as our leaflet and reconnaissance of Paris, with its factories masseri dustry and nearly 60 per cent, that of London, and the indus- nights have shown, there is no part together in the East, and its houses Germany which our bombers in compact blocks, Berlin, as well as of her heavy and armanient trial areas of Baden. Within 50 of
could not reach, Our pilots, 100, being vulnerable from every side, is industry (which would most miles from the coast is Ham- interest the bomber) are con- burg. where 1 per cent, of after these fights, know their way not built to offer resistance. Possess-
well about the country. Also, mov- Ing few.
and counting cn- .centrated within an arca no Germany's whole industry is ing industry is a slow job and it is tirely on the continued provision of senfe raw materials If it is to survive, the part of which is more than 150 crammed into a one-thousandth not likely that any lurge
transfer from the west has yet taken capital of the Reich could not pre- miles from the French frontier, part of her area
vide for Itself if attack were to
Dir Within half an hour of leaving The 50-100 mile belt contains place.
The Germans themselves realise cut off its communientions for two their grounds our fastest bom- great chemical, engineering and the vulnerability of their chief cities, or three days. The city is spread bers could reach any one of motor (presumably now arma- I have before me an article written out over a wide area, with an im-
It is entitled without natural defence, these targets. They could be ment) works, the destruction of by Lieut. Ernst Rasche, a former mense number of nerve centres "Easy 10 Bomb Berlin," and he "When we remember that other home again in another half which would embarrass Ger. Germon war-pilot.
big cities of the Reich are even hour to reload and repeat the many's war effort considerably. writes:
In the 100-150 mile belt come The Reich abounds in spots that easier to renel, we can understand "dose."
the two great industrial areas of are weak from a military point of that Germany, more than any other Germany cannot defend country, has good cause to fear an the Rhineland and Westphalia view.
ten thousand aerial war." with eight or even
(IL she The comparison showed that which alone account for a quar- machines a penetration of 100 miles into ter of Germany's total industry. Bghters) its score of great cities the A. P. Luscombe Whyte England from the coast (to which distance must be added the sea crossing from grounds in Germany. Belgium or even in captured France, if these Inst could be maintained against concentrated British "preven- tive bombing") would cover a little less than half our heavy industry.
It seems, then, that, from this point of view, Germany is virtually as vulnerable as We which leaves out of account the are. It is a point of view superiority of our fighters and
defence mechanism.
En
Not long ago the "Economist" summed up the German position. I showed that within 50 miles air bases or the coast were con (ten minutes flight) from Allied
centrated no less than 11 per cent. of Germany's total indus- trial output, one-tenth of her industries, including heavy
important divergence in policy to Government hands, giving official and irrevocable form which discourages spontaneous settlement or friendly and informal discussions.
Whatever the cause of the sinnt friction between two great Powers in the Far East it is certain- ly not too late to clear one corner misunderstandings which deserve no of the vast ampitheatre of war of
re greater name and which can lead to an extension of co-operation further afleld without, on our part, betray- ing a Ching with whose cause we sympathise and without, on Japan's part, incurring needless enmity in a difficult situation,
FUNNY SIDE UP
ABNER DEAN
hns
many
METHODS OF BOMBING
What the Air Ministry's technical bombing terms mean
HIGH LEVEL.
LOW LEVEL
DIVE
GLIDE
By Abner Dean
"I told Suzie' about our secret elopement, dear
you get a friend for hor, too?”
Can
HIGH-LEVEL BOMBING
owing to the danger of blast damag- ing the alreraft above. DIVE BOMBING
The safest but most highly skilled and perhaps least accurate form of hombing employed by raiders. The The most terrifying form of bomb- aircraft approach, the target at a ing. but not necessarily the most great height, make rapid calculations destructive. The bombers are open involving speed, wind, temperature, to the same and even greater risk etc., before carefully aiming their than in low-level bombing, but. bombs.
owing to the fact that they dive and
is
If they score a direct hit (and it alm their aircraft at the target they not easy) the tremendous pene, can usually ensure greater accuracy. trutive power of heavy bomb Moreover, the bombs fall at an angle dropped from height makes it certain which may enable them to cause damage above superficiat that the destruction will be great. more
ground On the other hand, the pilot has to
drop his bombs 111⁄2 miles away when CLIDE BOMBING nying al, say, 10,000 ft. and at tils
form of
height a simple miscalculation of The bambers come in at a great wind strength is enough to deflect height, then switch or their engines the bombs 70 or 20 feet.
to avoid detection and glide towards Under ideal conditions the bomb the target. Essentially a sumer would like a clear, straight high-level bombing except, of course, run in of 5 or 6 miles across his that the aircraft are losing height oll target to ensure anything like ac- the time.
In
practice, gunfire and fighters confuse his aim and make it as difcult as possible for him to' sight his torget: LOW-LEVEL BOMBING
curacy.
As between day and night bomb- ing it must be understood that there a world of difference. Except on a bright night, under a full moon, where shadows are not confusing,
never so simple to pick out a tar- Very dangerous for the aircraft pet by night as by day. Certain because they are open to from the gifting railway lines, roads, ships at objectives, such as bridges, harbours. small arms and other fire
ground as well as running a risk of sea, etc. fall of which are known to meeting obstructions such as balloon the R.A.F. as "self-illuminated" tar- barrages. Nevertheless, it ia an pets), show up even by starlight. necurate method of bombing which Other night objectives usually have can be very telling if the pilots are to be illuminated by parachute flares determined and retain their nerve. before the bomb aimer can fecl. Heaviest callbre bombs ATC not confident of hitting them. usually suitable for such attacks
G. E..
Brindis)
STRATEGY TEST:
-Brute
TURKEY Smyrna.
I. Which are the important
Greek ports?
2. How far is Greece from (a) Italy (b) Turkey?
3. Has Greece a navy, army,
air force?
4. Which are the fortified.
Italian Islands - between Turkey and Greece which threaten both Greece and Turkey?
5. Which are the nearest to British possessions "Greece?
ANSWERS
1. Salonika. (in which Yugo
Slavia has a free zone), Piraeus, Kavala (in which
Bulgaria has a free zone). 2. Both Italy (Albania) and Turkey have common fron- tters with Greece and are separated by only short dia- tances by sea, eg. (a) 100 miler, (b). 50 miles.
3. Navy: 2 old cruisers, 10÷de- stroyers, & submarines: Ariny! 80,000 regulars, 600,000 toar strength Air Force:-- about
300 planes.
4. The Dodecanese Izlands. 5. Malta -450 miles: Altzandria 250-miles; Cyprus 200 miles, In the event of war in the
·Mediterranean it is probable that Turkey would ask Greece for aceras to Greek porta, for there ports would provide bases for the Turkish and "Allied, navler, and a base such as Salonika would provide a first-class jumps” ing-off point for striking through
to S.E, Germany,