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The
Thongkong Telegraph.
Thursday, August 1, 1940. Wyndham St., Hongkong
Telephone: 25615
THE prefix "Epecial to the Telegraph" Inward by the "Ilangkong Telegraph" to indicate news which is strictly copyright under the provisions of the Telecommunt- entions Ordinance, 1918. Buch news a bears the indication "UP" is received in Hongkong on the date of publication by the United Press Aiməciations, who re- servo all rights and forbid republication. either wholly or in part without previous arrangement,
Lessons For Japan
The suditen arrest of twelve Eng lishmen in Japan on a charge of espionage may be a further attempt to provoke Britain to take extreme action, I may be that Japan is following the lines of the other dictators in advancing from one point to another. Munich Poets, like Danegeld or policies of appeasement, do not avoid the issue; they merely postpone 11. But that may be im- portant.
It is obvious that Germany is seeking to involve Japan in the struggle. She wishes to use Japan's power to serve her own ends, for clearly Germany has done nothing to assist Japan and can do nothing.. On the contrary Japan has always considered her real enemy is Russia, und Germany by her policy in Europe has added considerable strength to Russia, and made her a greater menace to Japan than ever before. The Japanese signed a pact with Germany to avoid this very thing, and yet the Germans have the brazen effrontery to urge Japan to join with the axis Powers in order to weaken Britain, and at the same
ime endanger her own security.
Europe's Heirs are nearly all CHILDREN
N
EVER before in the history of Europe, has there been such
a youthful group of heirs to the thrones.
In only four of the twelve countries which still retain a monarch is the succes- sor of sufficiently advanced years to take on the responsibilities of rulership.
In five others the person next in suc- cession is only heir presumptive, that is, his claim could be upset by the birth of a more direct descendant.
It is an age of youth, with, in the majority of cases, youth on the throne and youth as the heir.
The death of the ruling Sovereign would in many countries necessitate the appointment of a Regent during the minority of the heir.
GREAT BRITAIN comes first into the picture... At the moment Princess Elizabeth is the heir presumptive,
He claim to the succession would be automatically defented if a son were born to the King and Queen. In any case she is still only thirteen years old, and would not be able to assume the duties of monarch until she attained the eighteenth birthday.
It is, of course, the fervent wish of every one of the King's.subjects that the question of succession will not arisc for very many years to come.
an even
BELGIUM has younger heir to the throne in Prince Baudouin, the eldest son of King Leopold and the late Queen Astrid.
He is only nine years old. As his fother is only 37, the succession should also be long deferred.
The position in Bulgaria is similar to that in Britain. King Boris and his Queen, who was formerly Princess Giovan- ni of Italy, have an only child, and she a daughter, the Princess Marie Louise, who
s born in 1933.
Unless a son is born she will suc- ceed to the throne, but be unable 10 perform the duties until 1951. . Again a Regent would be
it would probably be the
neces and of Parma. brother,
Denmark is one of the few coun- tries where the heir to the throne is definitely known and is of sufil- cient age. He is Prince Frederick, eldest son of the ruling King Christian, and was born in 1911. Four years ago he married Prin- Ingrid of Sweden, grand- ceas daughter of the Duice of Connaught. thereby further strengthening the links with Great Britain which had ulready been forged when King Edward VII married Princess Alex- andra of that country.
Japan in three years has been striving in vain to conquer Chine, an unprepared and unwarlike nation. The campaign may easily last an- other three years, especially if the Burma Road is reopened and its continuance will certainly still fur- ther impoverish Japan. The Japanese treasury is empty, and in any case war material cannot be obtained even if money were available.
Nussia stands in the offing, always ready to profit on the occasion when other nations are in dificulties, Stalin has proved quite clearly that what the Czars had in the past he intends to possess in the future. Monchurla was a Russian sphere of influence.
The United States by her de- nunciation of the Trade Pact year ago, has long realised that she was. stultifying her foreign policy. by providing Totalitarian Japan with the war material to subjugale de- mocratic China. Consistency has long been demanded between econo- mic policy and political faith. Now these have been brought into line.
Greesa also remains without a direct heir to the throne.
King George II, who returned to the throne in 1935, had married Princess Elizabeth of Rumania, but there were no children, and in 1935 he was granted a divorce. Unless he again marries and has children, bla Buccessor will be his brother, Prince Paul, who in 1939 married Princess Margarita of Hanover, a grand-daughter of the ex-Kuĺser of Germany, and a great grand- daughter of Queen Victorin,
ITALY definitely knows that her next ruler will be Prince "Humbert of Piedmont, who at age of 36 is one of the oldest heirs to a European throne.
So far the Prince has taken little active part in the affairs of his country, but is exceedingly popular. Nine years ago he married Princess nister of King Leopold of the Mary Belgions.
The succession to the Dutch. throne is also certain, and the country will have another Queen in Princess Juliana, who has given birth to Her second daughter.
She is the only woman in Europe who is in direct succession to a
It Japanese slatesmen look towards the United States to-day they will see a nation of 120 million people with the greatest Industrial resources In the world at their
disposal,
shock- ed out
of their complacency;
and determined to back up their diplo
force macy with
a naval ree that will completely overshadow that of Japan. This war has, sown the seeds Οι other wars nirendy, Britain too 18 be surrendered when the 'final bound to emerge from this war with reckoning, takes place in two a far stronger neet than she possess three years time. Germany connot ed before, for past ten months help Japan now and sho will not ba have proved that the much vaunted
able to do so in the future. Japan but acroplane is no match for capital can serve Germany's purpose, ships. In addition the experience of there can be no return. this war will give an efficiency in taclies and strategy, that the Japan-wine, should beek friendship with A naval and mercantile nation, if ese, fleet cannot possess.
those of superior naval strength and
tho
or
If Japanese policy is governed by not isolate herself, or allow herself.
the short, view, and her opportunists win the day, then temporary gain will be made, but they will have to
to be made the catspaw of Germany who has never consulted any body's Interests but her own.
CAREFREE KING PETER: A happy study of the young ruler of Yugoslavia who celebrated his 12th birthday on September 6. He is not as yet be- ing mode to take part in public life.
throne, and it will be probably the first occasion on which a Queen has
succeeded a Queen.
Three years ago she married Prince Bernard, i cendant of u former small Gern .state. At the moment Princess Juliana's successor would be her first daughter, Prin- cess Beatrix.
܀
Norway also knows definite- ly the next occupant of her throne. It will be Prince Olaf, the only son of King Haakon, who was born in 1903.
His mother was Queen Maud, daughter of King Edward VII of Great Britain. She died a few months ago, The lies with this country will remain strong. Prince Olaf in 1928. married
Princes Marthe of Sweden, who is also re- lated to the British Royal Family by marriage but not by blood.
***
The position in Rumanin is interesting. The heir to the throne on the death of King Carol is Prince Michael, who has already been King of the country for three years,
He succeeded his grandfather. In 1927, while his grandmother, Queen Marie, a grand-daughter of Queen Victoria, neled as his Regent. Three years later his father, King Carol, who had renounced his right of succession, returned to the country Prince and was elected King. Michael will attain his nineteenth birthday in October next, when, if The necessity arose, he would be qualified to perform the full duties of a Sovereign.
YUGOSLAVIA is the only country in Europe where the King to-day is a minor.
FUNNY SIDE UP
King Peter, who is only nfteen years old, succeeded to the throne on the assassination of his father, King Alexander, in 1934.
At present the administration is in the hands of a Council of Re- gency. presided over by Prince Paul, a nephew of the late King He is also heir to the throne, and will remain so until King Peter marries and has a child. At pre- sent Yugoslavia remains youngest country in Europe with the youngest Sovereign, and with- out a direct-heir.
the
On the other hand, Sweden સ must rank the senior country in every respect. To- day she has the eldest Monarch in King Gustav, who is 82 years of age, and the oldest heir to the throne in Prince Gustaf, who is '58.
Again there are close ties with Great Britain. Prince Gustaf mar- rled the daughter of the Duke of Connaught, and after her death in 1023-
married Ludy--Louise-Mount
Battenberg. batten, Princess of
fow
Outside Europe the position is little different. There are Monarchs in other parts of the world, but two are outstanding. One is King Farouk of Egypt, who come to the throne four years ago, but
is only twenty years old. The heir presumptive is his daughter, Princess Ferial, who was born in November. Seventeen years must elapse before she would be eligible to undertake the duties of Queen. Japan is the other instance. The Emperor Hirohito is 30 years old, ut his successor, Prince Akle only in his seventh year. Yet pre- sumably by Japanese law and cus- Lom he would be able, ever at that vouthful age, to undertake the duties of Emperor.
Richard Hamilton
By Abner Dean
"I'm working my way through medical college.
I interest you in an operation?
could
The
HOME FRONT
In our struggle with Nozi Germany victory will finally depend on the strength of the "home front."*
Modern war is not only a conflict between armies, It is a navies and air forces:
struggle between the indus- trial power and morale of nations.
......More and more. the test of a Great Powar is not how many soldiers, but how many factories it possesses, and how long it is in a position to keep them going at full blast turn- ing out aircraft and guns, shells and uniforms, and all the other needs of a modern
war.
The main elements in a nation's home front are:-
The size of its national incomo and national wealth; 'the amount and efficiency of its industrial capacity: the quantity and quality of available labour force; theo, ability of home defence to provent production from baing stopped or interrupt- ed by land invasion, sca bombardmont, blockade and air attack;
and above all:
the will of the people, in spite of hardships and casualties, to carry on and soo the struggle through to a victorious and,
W
E cannot expect to pass on the cost of the war to our great grandchildren. That old idea has been exploded.
Ench country must bear the cost of the struggle from week to week, from month to month. It must pay for the war out of its national income, except in so far as its capital invest- ments overseas can be drawn upon to buy resources from neutrals,
By the "national income" of a country is meant the total value of goods and services produced by its inhabitants every year. How do the national incomes of the Allies .compare with that of Germany?
The Allied nations ore fa a much better position than Ger- many to bear the heavy cost of "a"modern" war.
na-
the
Only by spending as much as
German one-quarter of the tional Income on · armament before war broke out-have Nazis been able to threaten the Allied Powers,
To make this programme possi- ble, they have placed a crippling burden on the shoulders of the German people. They have strain- ed German industry almost to the limit.
They have already ralded most of the hidden reserves on which other governments can draw in time of war.
THEIR gold reserve, for example, stands at a very low level-despite the amounts selzed from Austria and
and Czecho-Slovakia,
from private German citizens. Even if we allow for undis- closed
the total reserves, figure cannot possibly be more than about £100,000,000.
The Germans have for less gold now than they had in 1918, after four years of warfaro.
Having only mall reserves of gold, scarcely afty foreign exchange or securities abroad, and no credit, the Nazis will find great dimculty in obtaining even the most essen- tial raw materials from overseas, except within the small area which they dominate by force,
Their plight is made even more desperate by the Brkish Govern- ment's decision. (November 21; 1930), as a reprisal against the un- restricted U-boat and mine cam-
·paign, to seize · exports of goods shipped directly or indirectly from. Germany.
As the struggle goes on they will And themselves overwhelmed by the superior economia strength of the Allied Powers. The weight of resources on our side is even greater than in 1014-18, when Bri- Inin's Industrial emelency was much lower and the Industrialisa- tion of the Dominions had hardly begun,
AS we have already seen,,· the staying-power of a nation. at war depends largely on the ability of its factories and workshops to keep pace with the demands of the armed forces.
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