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WALLACE HARPER & CO., LTD. 223 Nathan Road,
Arsenal Street, Kowloon.
Hongkong.
Wednesday,
HONGKONG TELEGRAPH
STUDEBAKER 8-CYLINDER PRESIDENT
There is no finer car built -than STUDEBAKER'S EIGHT CYLINDER PRESI- DENT model. To those who want the best performance coupled with the best
appearance we heartily re- commend the Studebaker President. The luxurious appointments aro very pleasing to the eye. The riding qualities and the eye-appeal of the car are superb. We only import a few. of these cars for a limited clientele, If you want as fine a car as you can buy try the Studebaker President to-day. We will be pleased to demonstrate this wonderful car to you without any obligation to purchase.
HONGKONG HOTEL GARAGE
Stubbs Road
the
Tel. 27778/9
Hongkong Telegraph.
Wednesday, July 10, 1940. Wyndham St., Hongkong Telephone: 26615
F
THE preax "special to the Telegraph" is used by the Hongkong Telegraph” to indicate news which is strictly copyright under the provisions of the Telacommpal- cations Ordinance, 1936. Such news beafs the fudicación "UP" is received in Hongkong on the date of pubReation by the United Press Associations, who re mrve all rights and forbid republication, citker wholly or in part without previoni Rerangement,
Britain The "Enemy"
Nazi Germany regards the British Empire as her greatest enemy, and at the heart of that enemy she will strike with every means at her com- mand.
Attempts may be made at invasion by sea passage. But no experiences in the present war have gone to prove that powerful warships can be driven off the sea by direct air attack; the U-boat is far from being a decisive factor in naval operations; and the Germans have no fleet in be ing that could challenge the sea power of Britain, let alone the com- bined strength of the Allied fleets. in face of this Germany could not land forces of adequate strength on the British coast, although hazardous adventure may be tempted. The
more hopeful plan would be infiltration in small craft to disorganize Britain's war effort. But the
invasion
of the British Isles by oir, to the greatest possible extent, has now been brought within the range of practical operations. With this there would be combined the intensive bombing attack, for which this country has long been prepared.
اله
this at-
The Germans would rely on 1. combination of "Fifth Column activi- ties, parachute troops and troop- carrying aircraft. As regards the Fifth Column, the British Govern ment, among other precautions, has rounded up
ullens, whether suspect or not, and Nazi sympathisers whoever they may be. In view of the deadly Fifth Column work in Poland, Norway, Holland, Belglunt, and France, and Nazi activities in every surviving neutral
country within range, it would be criminal to run the risk of what a diabollenily cunning secret enemy could do, with his plans for sabotage already lald, and with hidden weapons to his hard.
a
The Germans are singularly good at exploiting the ideas of others the tank, for example; was
British invention. and their
milllery nuthorities were so Impressed by the mass parachute descents and troop- carrying alrerott at the Soviet manoeuvres of 1935 that they adopted this techulque.
German
troops parachute organised in battalions that are care- fully trained in their specialized duties,
are
Officially their uniform is the German Air Force blue-grey but the men may be disguised-not infrc- quently in the uniform of the country attacked. A steel helmet like A motorial's crash-helmet, respirator, hand grenades, gun firing 680 a minute, and perhaps a rounds a collapsible bicycle, are their essential equipment.
Company equipment, dropped in special containers with self-opening parachutes after the men had landed, includes ammunition and rides, feld glasses, compasses, spades, amoke candles and wire.
are
The battalion auxiliary weapons the 3-inch mountain gun, medium and light mortare, lienvy and light machine guns and machine
un pistols.
gun
July 10, 1940.
CHINESE
AIR FORCE
As the Sino-Japanese hostl- lities enter their fourth year, the public may be interested to know the part played by the Chinese air force.
It is generally admitted that numerically the Japanese air force is overwhelmingly superior to ours.
To a neutral observer it is nothing short of a miracle that we have been able to fight at all successfully in the air
against such colossal odds for the past three years and con- tinue to fight with vigour."
L.
THE Chinese air force is of recent creation, dating back hardly half a dozen years,
It was only in 1934 that the squadrons attached to the pro- vincial armles were brought to the fold of the Central Govern- ment and placed under one com- mand. Under the able leader- ship of General- isalmo Chlang
Kai-shek the
various flying
+
and troop trains on the northern, section of the Peiping-Hankow. Railway. A part of our air force Was stationed at Canton to patrol the southern sea coast, where we nink three enemy naval craft by aerial attack. These activities on the part of the Chinese air force marked the first phase of the air war.
The Second Phase AFTER the fall of Nanking the scene of hostilities gradually shifted to the southern acction of the Tientsin-Pukow Hallway and the enemy advanced on Hau- chow from North and South.
the
With greater air base facilities as the result of occupation of our nirfields on the sea coast, strength of the Japanese, air force. operating in this country was great- ly Increased.
But in spite of the enemy's over- whelming superiority, we hold our own and occasionally. Infilet losses on them by surprise attacks, as in the case of our bombing expedition to Formosa In February, 1936,
by
which took the enemy unawar- es. During this period we car- ried out,
units were sys- AIR MAJOR-GEN. ldes our "good-
tematically or-
ganised, rigid training
of
C. J. CHOW
Director of the National Commissioner on Aeronautical affairs.
personnel WAN started and above all cour age and A strong sense of duty were Inspired into every one in the force. So what we lack in personnel and equipment is made up by the skill superb morale of our officers which have found expression in numerous engagements with the enemy.
The air warfare in the present Sino-Japanese hostilities may be divided into four phases. The first phase covers the period from the commencement of the Shanghal battle to the fall of Nanking, the second from the fall of Nanking to the battle of Talerchwang, the third from the fall of Hsuchow to the fall of the Wu-Han cities and the fourth from the fall of the Wu-Han.cftles to the present,
The First Phase
AT the very beginning of the hostilities Japanese military lenders were under the delusion that they could wipe out the Chinese air force in a few weeks.
As 500n 18 the war broke out the Japanese high command sent bombing squadrons from their bas at Formosa and Quelpart Island to attack our air bases at Hangchow. Nanchang and Nanking. In these expeditions the enemy soon found that they had grently underestim- ated the strength of their opponent. Japan's first attempt at bombing our air base resulted in a stunning blow at Hangchow where
eight of her thirteen heavy bombers were shot down on August 14, 1937, the day. following the outbreak of the Shanghai hostilities.
A bombing expedition to Nanking on August 19 fared no better. Of the 20 bombers that started from Formosa ten failed to return to their base. On that day hostile bombers were also brought down by us at other places, and the total of the day's "bag" was over 30 heavy bombers. In three weeks bod the Kisaradzu and the Kanoya Air Corps, each consisting of about 60 heavy bombers, were practically wiped out by us. The enemy re- laxed in September and for three weeks Nanking was free from air ruld alarms.
Instead of day
bombing they resorted to night raid, and their bombers did not appear In broad daylight without a strong escort of pursuits.
Our
Arst bombing expeditions were sent out on August 14 to at- tack the hostile warships in the Yangtze Estuary and the flangchow Bay and at the some time to bomb enemy trenches and military depots in Shanghai, One. of the subse- quent expeditions was carried out on the night of September 10 when. the Kundn Cotton Mill in which the headquarters of the Japanese troops were housed was bombed. As a result, the enemy sustained material losses, as well as heavy casualties in personnel.
recoup
In the course of the Shanghai fighting the enemy, Anding it dif fleult to make any advance on the Shanghat front, turned their atten- tion to the northern theatre of war where their forces were greatly strengthened in September in the hope of taking Talyuan to for the losses at Shanghal. To meet the requirements of our ground troops on the northern front. we despatched
number squadrons to Shansi, where our pursuits fought successfully with the enemy air force at. Hisinkow, Yangmingpoo and Taiyuan.
A
of
Our bombers made several attacks on the enemy positions at Tatung
Ing false news, "
cruising
Parachute attack is preceded If. possible by nir reconnaissance. When the parachutists descend 50 feet from their slow-moving planes, it is sup- posed to be possible for a company and the civil Junkers 90 con carry 40 The German military junkers 89 to land within an area of about 220 fully equipped men at a yards by 440, and assemble within speed of 200 miles an hour. It was
quarter of an hour. Their functions are
the landing of thousands of men in to seize troop-carrying planes, and not the perodromes, power stations, railway parachutists, that became a declsive functions and telephone exchanges, factor in Holland. But It remains to and either make these useless or be seen hold them
whether these unwelldy until reinforcements machines can penetrate the highly arrive, possibly in answer to their organised British signals. To these activities are add- fences
anti-aircraft-de- ed the creation of panic and spread- numbers,
in Buything like effective
will mission" to Japan in bombing ex
tlons to the following places: Nanking, Wuhu, Kwangteh,
Hsinhslang and Pengpu, at each of which places Japanese air fields were bombed.
The enemy's warships at Tikong, Lukong. Kwelchih and Tungliu in the Yangtze and aircraft carriers in Cuntos waters were subject to re- pented air attacks. We also as-
enenly
troop positions, artillery emplacements, stations and bridges and troop trains railway at fourteen different places in An- wel, Shansi and Ionan. Oste air force also took part in the battle of Talerchwang.
sailed
As for the operations of our pur- suits, in January, 1838, we brought down three heavy bombers at Nan- chang. At Hankow, uur almen in a combat with the enemy on Febru- ary 18, 1038
eleven shot down raiders. Our pursuits patrolling the southern section of the Canton- Hankow Railway encountered enemy planes near Canton on April 13, 1938, and brought down eight of their 18 pursuits that constituted the escort of a bombing squadron.
APRIL 29, the birthday of the Japanese Emperor, by the irony of fate, has also become a red-letter day in the calendar of the Chinese
air force.
In 1938 the enemy celebrated the Emperor's birthday by sending o large number of planes to attack Hankow, These heavy bombers, escorted by pursuits, made their ap- pearance above the Wuhan cities early that afternoon.
After ̈ ̄nn ̈engagement of more than an hour with the raiders we "bagged" a total of 21 planes,-11 pursuits and 10 heavy bombers. This was
confirmed by the dis- covery of the wrecks on the
spol.
It is, however, belleved that the enemy's losses were much heavier. According to a Shanghat press re- port, 35 of the planes failed to re- turn to their base. In this engage- ment our losses were four planes destroyed and three men wounded. On May 31, 1938, the Japanese made another attempt to attack Hankow from the air with a fleet of 60 planes: 30 pursuits and 21 heavy bombers. They were met by our pursuits, and after an hour's en- gagement, 13 hostile planes lay wrecked at different places in the neighbourhood of the Wu-Han cities. We lost three planes with one man killed and one wounded,
Other
nir combats during this period Included two gagements above Kweltch, March 25 and April 10 and those above Loyang and Changsha.
en-
оп
The Third Phase AFTER the fall of Hsuchow the enemy advanced on Hankow by land and water.
In June, 1938, they captured Anking, and a fortnight later the forts at Matang fell into their enemy mode Nanking hands. The and Wuhu their
principal air bases, from which squadrons of heavy bombers were daily sent out to bombard Hankow, Nanchang and Hengyang.
Our air force was equally active, Every day we despatched bombing squadrons to attack the enemy warships and transports in the Yangize and their lines of com- munications in the rear. Ralds on enemy aerodromes at Nonking, Wuhu and Anking were occasion- ally-made.
As a result, 33 naval vessels in the Yangtze were sunk, and 100 others damaged and a great num- ber of airplanes destroyed on the ground. A series of air combats were fought at Momochi, Halakow. Yongyang, Kunming and Hsinyang in each of which losses were in- ficted on the enemy.
In one of the raids on Namyung. in June, a squadron of six hosillo heavy bombers were shot down by us and in August eight enemy planes were destroyed when they attempted to bomb the southern section of the Canton-Hankow Railway. In September and Octo-
FUNNY SIDE UP
By Abner Doan
CRUISE SPECIALS
HOW ABOUT
CRUISE
ON
"How should I know if there'll be any cute man going on the cruiso?".
ber our bombers were busy with ground strafing and bombing of enemy artillery emplacements at Yanghsing, Lushan and Hslnyang.
The Fourth Phase DURING 1939 our air force, like our army, was greatly strengthened and a new strategy and new tactics were accordingly adopted.
In both our offensive and defen-> sive moves, better results were achieved. With regard to the activities of our bombers, expedi tions were sent to Yunching, the enemy advance air base in the northern theatre of war, on Febru- ary 5 and April 2 and 20. On October 3 and 14 wo nltacked the Hankow alrdrome, the chief Japa- nese air base in Central China. On the latter two occasions we destroyed more than 80 planes on the ground in addition to shooting down several pursuits in the air. The other losses sustained by the Japanese Included over 50 military trucks, 54,000 gallons of and some ammunition dumps.
gasoline Our pursuits also gave a good account of themselves in a number of combats with air raiders. In the engagements with hostlic planes at Lanchow on February 20 and 23, fifteen heavy bombers of Type No. 97 and Fiat DR-20 were brought down and 03 airmen were killed.
Among the crew killed were one squadron leader and two others holding the rank of captain. The material losses sustained by estimated
were
the
af
7000,000. On April 20 two
Japanese pursuits of Type No. 97 were shot down at Huncheng (Hanchung) and on
3. seven May 3 heavy bombers of Type No. -06- were destroyed at Chungking.
On November 4 tacked a fleet of 54 hostile heavy ot- our pursuits bombers above Chengtu It was believed Delieved that at least five of the air raldera were brought down but for the wrecks of only three 50 for have been discovered. Among the 18 dead who formed the crews of the ill-starred bombers, were a Japanese Naval Captain who was supposed to be Japanese air ace, ona squadron leader and another Japanese air officer holding
the
rank of Captain. The losses in- Alcted on the enemy were heavy as those killed represented the cream of the Japanese air force.
IN this connection it may also be mentioned that on February 2, 1939, we brought down a Japanese heavy bomber, a Flat BH-20, at Shayang.
Among the crew of six persons there was one Watanabe, Chief Armourer of the Japanese Air Force Headquarters, holding the rank of Naval Captain Licut. Commander Fujida, had
established a world distance record of close circuit.
and une who
The close of 1939 was marked by a series of air raids on Lan- chow. As a result of combats on December 20, 27 and 28 we brought down ten
heavy bombers. We celebrated the New Year of 1940 with a number of successful air raids on Japanese trenches, troop concentrations,
motor transport columns and ammunition dumps at Nanning and its vicinity. Our attack on the Nanning airdrome resulted in the destruction eleven enemy
planes on
of the
ground, and our pursuits brought down one Japanese heavy bomber and ten pursuits in a series of en- counters at Kweilin, Liuchow and Kunlungkwan. On New Year's Day of 1040 dne of the latest Japanese observation planes was brought down at Linling. The enemy's air raids on Mengtze on February 1, 3, 13 and 17 resulted In the loss of three heavy bombers of Type No. 96 which were brought down by our pursuits. In the past two months our bombers were also active. The notable expeditions
the they carried out were attack of the enemy air base at Yuncheng on Balll- April 3, and on the enemy tary depots, field headquarters, motor transport columns. and advance air fields at Yoyang, Hain yang and Chunghalang and enemy naval crafts in the Tungting Lake,
These aerial activities formed a prelude to the recent victory of our ground forces in northern Hupch and southern Honan.
for
Our anti-aircraft units come in
a share of the achievements in our air defence. They give a good account of themselves in the pre- sent war. The following instances will illustrate the effectiveness of our anti-aircraft are,
On September 20, 1937, the Japanese sent 90 light bombers to bombard Nanking in four succes sive waves. In the first. rald
Live raiders were brought down by our anti-aircraft Are, and at the end of the day our ground batteries had ""bagged" a total of 12 planes. Once a light of three air raiders were brought down by one shot, when a bomb-laden plane was set on fire by a direct hit and the ex- plosion of its tank destroyed the other two. This occurred at Kin- tan on November 27, 1937. On the night of October 10, 1938, Japanese air raiders bombarded Hengyang in five successive waves during which aix raiders were shot down by our anti-aircraft dire. Our ground bat- leries also played a significant part in the defence of the important railways such as the Tientsin- Pukow and Felping-Hankow Rall- ways during the first stage of the The presence of anti-aircraft batteries at the various important railway junctions prevented enemy bombers from low-altitude flying and rendered their aerial attacks ineffective. The precautions we take against blr raids have proven ndequate. The relentless
war.
attacks
on our people by the enemy would have inflcted far more appalling losses on our civilian life and pro- perty had not such precautions been taken.
AS a result of the past three years' air operations, we destroy. ed up to April 80, 1940, a total of 848 enemy planes which have been confirmed by the discovery of the wrecks or by information from reliable sources.
ferred
The enemy planes lost due to accidents or other causes and those damaged by us but dropped behind the enemy's lines are not included. If the latter item is also taken into account, the total exceeds one thousand. Of the 848 planes re- to, 258 were brought down by our pursuits, 263 were destroyed on the ground by aerial attacks and the reat were shot down by our anti-aircraft batteries and other military units. Altogether we have buried 1,055 dead Japa nese airmen in addition
taklog 51 prisoners. Forty-two Japanese airmen who came to the ground with their planes are missing. It is believed that the enemy's loss in personnel in much heavier by reason of the fact that among their planes destroyed there is a fairly high percentage of heavy bombers ench of which accommodates t crow of seven.
When an enemy plane was damaged, Its crew usually attempt- ed to save their lives by parachute most jumping. In
cases they succeeded in reaching the ground without n n scratch, though some of the unfortunate ones were badly burned
or otherwise wounded. The 51 prisoners we have captured are now quartered in comfortable camps, well-fed, well-clad and well-cared for. The monthly food allowance for the prisoners com- pares favourably with our officers' micas bills.
The prisoners are allowed to enjoy such simple. luxuries, as cigarettes, which are distributed. among
them according to The omcersore
better
rank.
their
treated. Stationery, books and newspapers are provided for them. With the exception of the daily physical exercise which is com pulsory, the prisoners are free to devise means for their own recrea tion und amusement: Among the captured Japanese airmen are one Licut-Commander, and one 1st Lieutenant of the Japanese Navy. Most of the others are non-com- missioned officers and first class alrmen. Japanese air crews as A rule are very superstitious. On the bodies of their dead, we and Turn to Page 3, Sixth Column