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Hongkong.
Wednesday,
HONGKONG TELEGRAPH
STUDEBAKER 8-CYLINDER PRESIDENT:
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Stubbs Road
the
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Telephone: 20615.
THE pred "Special to the Telegraph" Is used by the "Hongkong Telegraph te indiexts news which is strictly copyright under the provisions of the Telecommuni- cations Ordinance, 1534. Such news AL bears the indication "U"!! is received in Hongkong on the date of publication by the United Press Arvociations, who re- serve all rights and forbid republication, either wholly or in part witheis previous arrangement.
Britain The "Enemy"
Nazi Germany regards the British Empire as her greatest enemy, and at the heart of that enemy she will strike with every means at her com- mand.
to
Attempts may be made at invasion by sea passage. But no experiences in the present war have gone prove that powerful warships can be driven off the sea by direct air attack; the U-boat is far from being a decisive factor in naval operations; and the Germans have no feet in be ing that could challenge the sea power of Britain, let alone the com- bined
strength of the Allied Дects. in face of this. Germany could not land forces of
strength on adequate the British coast,
although
thin at- hazardous adventure may be tempted. The more hopeful plan would be infiltration in small craft to disorganize Britain's war effort. But the Invasion of the British Isles by air, to the greatest possible extent, has now been brought within the range of practical operations. With. this there would be combined the Intensive bombing attack, for which this country has long been prepared.
The Germans would rely
on a combination of Fifth Column netiv!- ties, parachute troops and troop- carrying aircraft, As regards the FI Column, the British Govern- ment, among other precautions, has rounded
allens, alt up suspect or not, and Nazi sympathisers whoever they may be. In view of the deadly Fifth Column work Poland, Norway, Holland, Belgium, and France, and Nazi activities in
neutral every surviving within range, it would be criminal to run the risk of what a diabolically cunning sceret enemy could do, with his plans for sabotage already lald, and with hidden weapons to his hand.
11
д
whether
work in
country
The Germans are singularly good at exploiting the ideas of others the British tank, for example, was
military their Invention and authorities were so impressed by the mass parachute descents and troop-
ilrcraft carrying
the Soviet ni manoeuvres of 1935 that they adopted this technique.
German
troops parachute organised in battalions that are care- fully trained in their specialized duties.
arc
the
Officially their uniform is German Air Force blue-grey but the men may be disguised-not intre quently in the uniform of the country attacked. A steel helmet like motorist's crash-helmet, respirator, hand grenades,
gun firing GOD rounda
*
a minute, and perhaps n collapsible
bleyele, are their essential equipment.
Company equipment, dropped in special containers with self-opening parachutes after the men had landed, Includes ammunition and rifles, feld giasses,
cempasses, spudes, smoke cundles and wire.
The battalion auxillary weapons dre the 3-Inch mountain gun, medium and light mortars, heavy and light machine guns and machine gun pistols.
-
Parachute attack is preceded i possible by air reconnaissance. When
FL
July 10, 1940.
CHINESE
AIR FORCE
As the Sino-Japanese hostí- litles onter their fourth year, the public may be interested to know the part played by the Chinese air force.
·
It is generally admitted that numerically the Japanese air force is overwhelmingly superior to ours.
To a neutral observer it is nothing short of a miracle that we have been able to fight at all successfully in the air against such colossal odds for the past three years and con- tinue to fight, with vigour.
THE Chinese air force is of recent creation, dating back hardly half a dozen years.
It was only in 1934 that the squadrons attached to the pro- vincial armies were brought to the fold of the Central Govern- ment and placed under one com- mand. Under the able leader. ship of General- Chiang Iraimo
the Kai-shek various
Bying
units were sya- tematically or-
ganised,
training
personnel
rigid
was
started and
above all cour-
nge and
a
strong sense of duty
were
and troop trains on the, northern section of the Peiping-Hankow Railway. A part of our air force was stationed at Canton to patrol the southern sen const, where we sunk three enemy naval craft by aerial attack. These activities on the part of the Chinese. air force marked the first phase of the air war.
The Second Phase AFTER the fall of Nanking the scene of hostilities gradually shifted to the southern section of the Tientsin-Pukow Rallway and the enemy advanced on Isu- chow from North and South.
With greater air base facilities as the result of occupation of our airüelds on the sca const, the strength of the Japanese air force operating in this country was great- ly increased.
But in spite of the enemy's over- whelming superiority, we hold our own and occasionally inflict losses on them by surprise attacks, as the case of our bombing expedition Formosa In February, 1938,
10
by
AIR MAJOR-GEN.
C. J.
CHOW
Director of the National
which took the enemy unawar- C5. During this period we car- ried
out, be-
sides our "good-
will mission" to Japan in May,
bombing expedi
tions to the
Commissioner on Agronautical/ Na Baces:
inspired Into every one
affairs.
the force.
So what we Ince in personnel and equipment is made up by the skill superb morale of our officers which have found expression in numerous- engagements with the enemy.
The air warfare in the present Sino-Japanese hostilities may be divided into four plasses. The first phase covers the period from the commencement of the Shanghai battle to the fall of Nanking, the second from the fall of Nanking to the battle of Tolerchwang, the third from the fall of Hsuchow to the fall of the Wu-Han cities and the fourth from the fall of the Wu-Hah cities to the present.
The First Phase
AT the very beginning of the hostilities
military Japanese leaders were under the delusion that they could wipe out the Chinese air force in a few weeks.
As soon as
the war broke out
the Japanese high command sent bombing squadrons from their bases at Formosa and. Queipart Island to attack our air bases at Hangchow,
In Nanchang and Nanking.
these expeditions the enemy soon found that they had greatly underestim ated the strength of their opponent. Joan's first
attempt at bombing our
alt base resulted in a stunning blow at Hangchow where eight of her thirteen heavy bombers were shot down on August 14, 1937, the day following the outbreak of the Shanghai hostilities.
A bombing expedition to Nanking on August 15 fored no better. Of. the 20 bombers that started from Formosa ten failed to return to their base, On that day hostile bombers were also brought down by us at other places, and the total
day's "bag" of the
was over 30 heavy bombers. In three weeks both the Kisaradzu and the Kunoya Air Corps, each consisting of about 60 heavy bombers, were practically wiped out by us. The enemy re- laxed in September and for three weeks Nanking was free from air raid alarms.
Instend
day- of bombing they resorted to night rolds, and their bombers did not appear in broad daylight without a strong escort of
pursuits.
Our first bombing expeditions were sent out on August 14 to at- tock the hostile warships in the Yangtze Estuary and the Hangchow Bay and at the same time to bomb enemy trenches and military depots in Shanghai. One of the subse- quent expeditions was carried out on the night of September 10 when the Kunda Cotton Mill in which the headquarters of the Japanese troops were housed "yas bombed. As a result, the enemy. sustained material loyses as well as heavy casualties in personnel,
In the course of the Shanghai Oghting the enemy, finding it dif- Acult to make any advance on the Shanghat front, turned their atten tion the northern theatre of war where their forces were greatly strengthened In September in the
Talyunn hope of taking
vunn to recoup losses
sses at Shanghai. for the
Το nicet the requirements of our ground troops on the northern front, we despatched A #
of number squadrons to Shans, where our pursuits fought successfully with at Hsinkow, the enemy air force Yangmingpoo and Taiyuan..
Our bombers made several attacks on the enemy positions at Tatung
Bio
1
parachutists descend 50 feet froming false news. their slow-moving planes, it is sup- The German military junkers 89 posed to be possible for a company and the civil Junkers 50 can carry 40 to land within an area of about 220 fully equipped men at cruising by 440, and assemble within speed of 200 miles an hour. It was arter of an hour,
of thousands of men in landing functions arc to
seize troop-carrying planes, and not the aerodromes, power stations, railway parachutists, that became in decisive Junctions and telephone exchanges, factor in Holland. But it remains to and either make these useless or be seen whether these unwelldy hold them -- until reinforcements machines.can penetrate the highly arrive, poraibly in answer to their organised British anti-aircraft de- algnals. To these activities are add- fences in anything like effective ed the creation of panle and spread- numbers,
Kwangteh, Hangehow, Chengte Hsinhalang and Pengpu, at each of which places Japanese air fields were bombed.
The enemy's warships at Tikong. Lukong, Kweichth and Tungliu in the Yangtze and túircraft carriers in Canton waters were subject to re- prated air attacks. We also as- troop positions. salled enemy
railway cmplacements, artillery stations and bridges and troop trains at fourteen different places in An- wel, Shansi and Honan. Our air force alse took part in the battle of Talerchwang,
As for the operations of our pur- suits, in January, 1930, we brought down three heavy bombers at Nan- chang. At Hankow, our airmen in a combat with the enemy on Febru
eleven ary 18, 1838, shot down raiders. Our pursuits patrolling the southern section of the Canton Hankow
encountered Railway enemy planes near Canton on April 13. 1938, and brought down eight of their 18 pursuits that constituted the escort of a bombing squadron.
*
APRIL 20, the birthday of the Japanese Emperor, by the irony of fate, has also become a red-letter day in the calendar of the Chinese air force.
In 1930 the enemy celebrated the Emperor's birthday by sending a large number of planes to attack Hankow. These heavy bombers, escorted by pursuits, made their ap pearance above the Wuhan cities early that afternoon.
After
an engagement of more than an hour with the raiders we "bagged" a total of 21 planes,-11 pursuits and 10 heavy bombers. This was
confirmed by the dis- covery of the wrecks on the spot.
It is, however, belleved that the enerny's losses were much heavier. According to u Shanghal press re- port, 33 of the planes failed to re- In this engage- turn to their base. ment our losses were four planes destroyed and three men wounded, On May 31, 1938, the Japanese attack made another attempt to Hankow from the air with a fleet of pinnes: 30 puraulls and 21 heavy GO planes: bombers. They were met by our pursuits, and after an hour's en- 13 hostile pinnes ny gagement, wrecked at different places in the Wu-Han neighbourhood of the cities. We, jost three planes with one man killed and one wounded.
Other air
during combats this period Included two
above Kweiteh, gagements March 25 and April 10 and those above Loyang and Chungsho.
loy
en-
ол
The Third Phase AFTER the fall of suchow the enemy advanced on Hankow by land and water.
In June, 1938, they captured Anking, and a fortnight later the forts at Matang fell into their hands. The enemy made Nanking and Wuhu their principal alr bases, from which squadrons of heavy bombers were daily sent out to bombard Bankow, Nanchang and Hengyang,
enemy
Our air force was equally active. day we despatched bombing on to attack the enemy. warships and transports in the Yangtze and their lines of com- munications in the rear, Raids on at Nanking, aerodromes Wuhu and Anking were occasion-
made. ally
As a result, 33 naval vessels in the Yangtze were sunk, and 109 othera damaged and a great num- ber of airplanes destroyed on the ground. A series of air combats fought at Mamochi, Hsinlcow, were Yengyang, Kunming and Hsinyang in each of which losses were in- fleted on the
enemy In one of the ralds on Namyung in June, a squadron of six hostile heavy bombers were shot down by us and In August. eight enemy planes were destroyed when they attempted to bomb. the southern section of the Canton-Hankow Railway. In September and Octo-
FUNNY SIDE UP
By Abner Dean
1
J
CRUISE SPECIALS
|TAKE_
HOW ABOUT ACRUISE
"How should I know if there'll be any cuto men going on the cruisa?***
ber our bombers were busy with ground strafing and bombing of enemy artillery emplacements at Yanghaing, Lushan and Hsinyang. The Fourth Phase DURING 1939 our air force, grently army, was strengthened and a new strategy and new tactics were accordingly adopted..
like
eur
In both our offensive and defen- sive moves, better results were achieved. With regard 10 the activities of our bombers, expedi ilons were sent to Yunching, the
in the enemy advance air base northern theatre of war, on Febru- ary 5 and April 2 and 20. On October and 14 we attacked the Hankow airdrome, the chief Jupa- hese ulr bose in Central
China. On the latter two occasions we destroyed more than 80 planes on the ground in addition to shooting down several pursuits in the air. The other losses sustained
Jppancse included over 50 military trucks, 34,000 gallons of gasoline and some ammunition dumps. Our pursuits also gave a
a good account of themselves in number of combats with air raiders. In the
with hostile engagements planes at Lanchow on February 20 and 23. Afteen heavy bombers of Type No. 07 und Fiat BR-20 were brought down and 83 airmen were
killed.
were
at
Among the crew killed were one squadron leader and two others holding the rank of captain. The material losses sustained by the Jopanese
estimated US$10,000,000. On April 20 two Japanese pursuits of Type No. 87 were shot down at Hancheng
anchung), and on May 3
seven bombers of Type No. 96
Work
destroyed at Chungking. On November 4 our pursuits at- tacked a fleet of 34 hostile heavy bombers above Chengtu. It was believed that at least five of the air raiders were brought down but so far the wrecks of only three have been discovered. Among the 18 dead who formed the crews of the ill-starred bombers, were a Japanese Naval Captain who was supposed to be a Japanese
air ace, one squadron lender and another Japanese air meer holding the rank of Captain. The losses in- Aleted on the enemy were heavy as those killed represented the cream of the
the Japanese air force. IN this connection it may also be mentioned that on February 2, 1939, we, brought down a Japanese heavy bomber, a Pint BR-20, at Shayang.
Among the crew of six persons there was one Watanabe, Chief Armourer of the Japanese Air Force Headquarters, holding the rank of Naval Captain ond Lieut.
Commander Fujido, who had established a world distance record of close clrcutt.
one
The close of 1939 was marked by a series of air raids on Lon- chow. As a result of combats on December 26, 27 and 28 we brought down ton heavy bombers. We celebrated the New of 1940
Year with a number of
air Buccessful raids on Japanese trenches, troop concentrations, motor transport columns and ammunition dumps nt Nanning and its vicinity. Our attack on the Nanning airdrome resulted
In the destruction of enemy planes
eleven
the
These aerial activities formed a brelude to the recent victory of our ground forces in northern Hupeh and southern Honan.
Our anti-aircraft units come in for a share of the achievements in our air defence. They give a good account of themselves in the pre- sent war. The following Instances will illustrate the effectiveness of oor anti-aircraft fire.
On September 20, 1937, the Japanese Rent 08 light bombers to bonbard Nanking in four succes- sive waves. In the first raid five raiders were brought down by our
Are, and at the anti-aircraft fire
end. of the day our ground batteries had "bagged" a total of 12 Once a light of three air rater were brought down by one shot, when bomb-laden plane was set on fire by a direct hit and the ex- plosion of its tank destroyed the other two.
This occurred ut Kin- tan on November 27, 1937. On the night of October
10, 1938, Japanese
bat
air raiders bombarded Hengyang in Ave successive waves during which six raiders were shot down by our anti-aircraft fire. Our ground teries also played a significant in the defence of.. the important. railways
such
the Puktow and Peiping-Hankow Rall-
war.
RE
не
part
We
ways during the first stage of the The presence of anti-aircraft botteries at the various important railway junctions prevented enemy bombers from low-altitude flying and rendered their aerial attacks ineffective. The
precautions take against air raids have proven adequate. The relentless attacks on our people by the enemy would have infileted far more appalling losses on our civilian life and
pro- perty had not such precautions been taken.
AS a result of the past three years' air operations, we destroy- ed up to April 30, 1940, a total of 848 enemy planes which have been confirmed by the discovery of the wrecks or by information from reliable sources,,
The enemy planes Jost due to accidents or other causes and those damaged by us but dropped behind the enemy's lines are not included. If the latter item is also taken into
exceeds account,
total thousand. Of the 848 plares re- ferred to,
"the
one
to, 200 were brought down by our nurrults. 253 were on the ground by aerial
our
CHS
and
and the rest were shot down by anti-aircraft batteries other military units, Altogether we have bur
buried
dead Japa- 1.055
was
nese airmen in addition to
to taking 51 prisoners. Forty-two Japanese airmen who came to
to the ground with their planes are missing. It is believed that the enemy's loss in personnel In much heavier by reason of the fact that among their planes destroyed there is a fairly high percentage of heavy bombers cuch of which Decommodates. crew of seven.
When
on enemy plane damaged, its crew usually attempt- ed to save their lives by parachute most jumping. In
cases. they succeeded in reaching the ground without a scratch, though some of the unfortunate ones were badly burned or
otherwise
wounded. The 51 prisoners we have captured are now quartered in comfortable
well-fed comps,
well-clad and well-cored for. The monthly. WEL allowance for the prisoners.com-
pares favourably with our officers' mess bills.
food
own
03
ground, and our pursuits brought down one Japanese heavy bomber and ten pursuits in a series of en- The prisoners are allowed to
enjoy such simple luxuries counters at Kwellin, Lluchow and
cigarettes which are distributed Kunlungkwan. On New Year's
10 their among them according the latest Day of 1940 one of
rank. The officers are better Japanese observation planes was
trented.
Stationery
books down
and at Linling. · The brought enemy's air raids on Mengtze on newspapers are provided for them. With the exception of the dally February 1, 3, 13 and 17 resulted
physical exercise which is com in the loss of three heavy bombers of Type No. 90 which were
were brought
pulsory, the prisoners are free to in
devise micons for their own the past
recrea down by our pursuits. two months our bombers were also tion and amusement. Among' 'the active. The notable
expeditions captured Japanese airmen are one
Lieut.-Commander, and Lieutenant of the Japanese Navy. Most of the others are non-com- missioned officers and first class airmen. Japanese alr crews us rule are very superstitious. On the bodies of their dead we find Turn to Pago 3, Sixth Column -
they carried out were the attack of the enemy air base at Yuncheng on April 3, and on the enemy mill- tary depots, fleld headquarters, 2 motor
columns transport
and advance air fields at Yoyang; Hain- yang and Chunghalang and enemy" naval crafts in the Tungung Lako.
∙one"