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The
Hongkong Telegraph.
Wodnorday, June 5, 1940..-.
Wyndham St., Hongkong
Telephone: 26615
THE prear "Epecial to the Telegraph" ta used by the "Hongkong Telegraph" to indicate new, which is strictly copyright under the provisions of the Telecommunf. cations Ordinaneo, 1936. Buch DOWN AS bears the indication "U" I received in Hongkong on the date of pubileation by the United Irana Associations, who re- serve all rights and forbid republication, either wholly or in part without previous arrangemen
Hongkong's Defence
THERE IS NO renton whatever fa believe that Hongkong is threatened by the intest developments in Europe or the Far East, and the probability is that this Colony will go through the war with Jess inconvenience than any other part of the Empire,
At the same time it would be foolish to minimise the importance of taking precautions against any possible contingency and it would lessen the uneasiness many people in this Colony feel it they were officially 1old what precautions
being Are taken.
"On the surface, Hongkong "does not appear fully prepared to meet any contingency. We have been told that the authorities are taking note of what had occurred in recent weeks in Europe and that steps are being taken to meet the new elements of offence introduced by the Germans. If any steps have been taken they are not apparent to the layman.
The new methods of warfare In- troduced by the Germans might be sub-divided into parachute attack, the landing of troops by plane- transport, Afth column activities and ultra-mechanisation,
In order
counter parachute attuck it is necessary that all areas in which parachutists may land should be guarded. Parachutists at once render all outer defence lines pregnable since, as has been shown in Holland and Belgium, defences can be compromised from the rear. The only defence at present seems to be parashooters--armed men on the watch day and night at strategic positions,
to
03
BACK TO THE WALL 1914-1940.
Sinews
Will Win The War In Europe
A
RMED forces ulope cun-
not win a war. However large a nation's armies and navies may be, it cannot carry on the fight without certain key resources -food for its people and raw materials for its factories. These are the sinews of war
How do we compare with the. enemy?
Because of our cominand of the sen, we can continue to draw vital materials from every part of the world.
on the other hand, The Nazis, must sooner or later find them- selves in great difficultles.
Their share in total world pro- duction of many of the most vitally important war materiala is very small indeed. In prace- timo tliny had to get a large part of their requirements of these materials from countries which they cannot now reach.
Russian help cannot greatly alter the position. Russia actually ranks lower than Denmark as an exporter, and exports cannot be multiplied in a day.
Now that war
has come, they will not be able to get anything -like-
as-much-nickel, rubber-and- copper as they need. They will have to use subaltutes for these things, at a heavy cost both in money and man-power.
In mountainous country such Hongkong.defence against landings of enemy troops by air transport would scan comparatively easy, since for actual protection of my of the the only need is to guard areas on citizens, although we believe some which landings con be effected. buildings have been ear-marked as: These areas would include the Race potential air raid shelters. course at Happy Valley, the Kal Tak Any enemy who strikes at Hong- Airport, portions of King's Park in kong will strike swiftly. The days Kowloon and similar sites. Yet we when any warning is given-are past. are not aware that any precautions Hitter has shown the work that the have been taken at any of these post way to conduct a successful offensive tionis.
In Sweden, for instance, the against an impregnable obstacle is to menace of illegal landings by air is strike swiftly and with all the power overcome by the simple expedients at command, and to the devil with
bur
THE Nazis might, on the other hand, seize the Rou- manian oil-fields.
NO war material is more vital than OIL. This is a war of machines--of aeroplanes,
But even if they succeeded in tanks, motor vehicles.
intact and getting the all-wells machines Without enough oil
And what is
this is extremely doubtful-their come to a standstill.
problem would not be solved. wanted is net simply crude vll as it comes out of the earth, but re- fined oil-the product of elaborate plants-which-take-a-long-time-to-
build.
Here again the outlook for Nazi Germany is black
In pence-time the Germans used nearly seven million tons of oil a yeur in the old Reich alone. No less than two-thirds of the total had to be imported.
the
In war-time Nazla probably need anything up to twenty million tons of oll a year-three times as much as in pence-time. Such is. the admission of Ferdinand Frie- densburg, a leading German au- thority. That is to say, the Nazis' must obtain up to fourteen million than in peace-time, tons more either by Increasing home produc- tion or by additional imports.
**
WHAT are their chances of ketting it?
In peace-time the Nazis ob- tained the greater part of their oil" from the United States-and other American countries. Now that war has come they are cut off from these sources of supply.
They may be able to turn to some part of Soviet Russia for WHOLE of Rain's oll export their war requirements, but the
(about
a year) million tons would amount to no more than ONE-FIFTH of the total imported by Greater Germany in peace-time.
And petrol, which the Nazis most need, forms only a small part of the oil exported from Itussin
What is more, the
Nazis
would
of placing hazards on any flat sur-treaties and international decencies. have great dificulty in transport- Ince that can be used as a landing There is not the slightest diance that ing, the oll from Rusala to Ger- field-in this instance motor enra we will emulate him: his methods many. The small quantity of Rus- were used,
are the very thing we are fighting. sian oll and petrol supplied to In maletaining watch on Fifth But there is every possibility that Germany in peace-time went by Column adivilles Hongtong, we be-Hitler will not the last nation in way of the Black Sea, the Medi- lieve, has less to fear from the anti- the world to employ those methods, terranean and the Atlantic to Ger- Nazi Germans and Austrians
Hongkong does not want to know many's North Sea ports a route midal than from another potential what is going to be done to meet any which is now closed to the Nazis.
They cannot hope to carry large source of danger. In recent weeks, threat. What it wants to know is:
the obvious along the Wang Ching-wel organa in what has been done? Good Intentions quantities of oil Shanghal and Nanking have openly are bad defence in these days of un- alternative route-via the Black declared that it is the Intention of civilined warfare.
Sen and the Danube-owing to the puppet Government to strike For instance, would parachute their lack of tankers, barges and the forch settlements and conces troops meet a warm reception If they tank wagons. The Danube, more- slons and any following of this re-lauded anywhere in the Colony to over, la n very difficult river to gime in the Colony, however small, morrow? Is the Colony in such a navigate, and its lower reaches are should be under surveillance. A state of unpreparedness that hostile icebound during part of the winter. lenat ons Chinese newspaper in aircraft can land on its airports or They might, in the second place, Hongkong is reputed to be published on open plots of land? Are there try to increase their production of
coal.
This by Wang Ching-wel and it obviously any potential Fifth Columnists at synthetle oil from has some following.
Inrge in the Colony! Have any method is very costly, and even in Hongkong's remaining danger in the Ali.P.. trenches been dut for people peace-time used sup remote event of attack is not so much seeking refuge from bombs? Has quantities of coal. Any attempt from the ultra-mechanisation em-Chungking's excellent tunnel system to raise the oil output still fur- would place ployed by Germany in Europe. ns of protection been emulated here?ther by this from the pic. The Colony is spend- Omelni reassurance on these points an even greater strain on German Grent difficulties, ing "Vast sums of money on ARP, would not only nerva le net at. reat coal resources. work but it is open to question the fears many Hongkong people hold moreover, stand in the way of in- whether the resuits achieved have but would also nervo nalice to any creasing cool production on a large been anywhere near commensurate would-be aggressor, that life Colony scalo Mining is a highly skilled with the outlay. Absolutely no pro-ls fully prepared to meet any attack job, and miners cannot be trained vision appears to have been made Krómiany," direction,"
in thousands, overnight,
means
enormalis
The whole Roumanian and German all production put to- gether would not supply any- "thing"like" half the "Nazia' ̈ ́war-~- time needs. Much of the Rot- manian oil, moreover, is of a kind which yields very lo aviation spirit.
It is quite clear that there is a big gap between Nazi Germany's war-time
and all needs
ຢາດ amount which can be produced in territory dominated by Berlin. For a short me this map may be alled by drawing from stocks built up is peace-time. When these, Blocks run out, the Nazis will have immense difflenities in oblaining the huge oll supplies They need,
敝
•
*
WHAT are Germany's chances of getting enough of another vitally important war material-RÓN ÖRE!
On the eve of the last war, the
Germans were producing THREE-
QUARTERS of all the iron ore. they needed. In those days 'their richest ironfield was in Lorraine.
To-day the Lorrana Ironfield tles on the other side of the Maginot Line.
In peace-lime the Nazis pro- duced only ONE-THIRD of their fron ore. Germany thus depends far more on foreign supplies than In 1014. In war-time this spells danger. Нете Russia can be of little help. The Russian output of Iron ore has increased greatly in the Russians recent years but need it all themselves. They only
a trilling amount, export
Even before war broke out the EVER shortage was so acute that the Nazi Government combect the country for scrap-kron. Tramlines, for example, were torn up, and park railings were removed.
Now let us turn to the food position.
Our caninand of the sea la n guarantee that the Allied peoples will be kept supplied with enough healthy food.
DI
of
The French are in any case able to produce the greater part of their food at home. Justua Schmidt, the German military writer, has stated that "the situation Franca as regards her supplies of agricultural products in caso war la very favourable." Germany. presents a very different pleure.
for example, the, question. of fats.
Among the most important fats, are table oils, pure vegetable ints. margarine, bacon, lard, butter and cheche.
In peace-time the Germans bad to get one-half of thefe Fats from abroad, This waR: LALAT Dhoes fi will be falsă serain if the German militsey - #fork and PLEASE TUP TO PUN 9.
The
Air
Briton Describes Sky Invasion ASTONISHING accounts of
of Genton parachute troops in Holland have oven given by an English business man who was In The Hague during the first bor- bardment of the city.
During continuous 24-hour air raid he saw 1,000 parachute troops dropped, and watched some of them making contact. with members of the German Fill Column In The Hague, including women splea
This is the story in his own words:
"I arrived at The Hague on business.. on Thursday after- noon. My hotel was empty, and when I asked for newa they said: 'We're waiting for them. They are coming over."
"I went to my top-floor room, but decided not to sleep. : At 3 a.m., just as dawn was break- ing, hundreds of aeroplanes enme over the city, and bombs were falling everywhere. I went out on the balcony and saw that the sky 'seemed filled with 'planes, and parachute troops were being dropped in large numbers on several parts of the elty.
- J
"Meanwhile, the bombers concentrated their efforts on the important buildings, includi- ing the barracks. When the smoke and dust had subsided. I saw that several buildings, in- cluding the prison, had been destroyed.
"BOMBERS accompanied by fighters came over in waves of 200, dying sometimes us low as 800 feet. While I watched, Dulch anti-aircraft guns bogged large machines. One, a 40-seater troop-carrier, burst into flames, struck another, and brought both down. Thoy de- stroyed three houses, and I saw, 40 or 30 bodles in the streets.
"At the same time seaplanes with detachable rubber pou- loons, each containing 40 men, settled on the shallow water near the shore. Five hundred men were landed on the beach in this way, wading ashore from the pontoons.
"I was told that the para- chule troops had ordem 10 make their way to the principal buildings. They took two of these. "Dutch_machine-gunners ** approached. Later they-drove
them out with grenados.
"During the air bombardment
I saw six small Dutch machines being chased over the rooftops like sparrows pursued by hawks.
"THE presence of members Was of the Fifth Columns shown by the way parachute
troops approaching main build- ings were given directions by residents, including women, in houses
near.
These people clapped their hands to attract the attention of the parachutists and gave them instructions..
"Some were caught Dn -Interesting way. On the night before orders were fasued that every Dutch soldier must carry a revolver. The German para- chute troops, although dressed In Dutch uniforms, had no re- ̄ ̄ volvers. They were challenged and arrested. Two were shot out of hand by the Dutch ser- out
Kvant
"Many of these parachute troops were dressed in all kinds of costumes. Some word the typical clothes of batchers and bakers' lads with baskets, filled with grenades and other. ammunition, over their atīns.
The us
ammunition was covered
with white cloth.
"When they heard women.
nt the clapping their hands windows of houses, they ap proached and made contact with the sples inside.
parachute
"EACH
party
numbered about 40, in chargo of a sergeant. These men took the town hati; musetini and library near the square. A civilian defence corps,armed only with butchers knives, WAB formed immediately to counteract the parachutists. They wore the words: antle parachute corps on their arma.
"I learned Inter from a Erlend that the British Legation was surrounded by between 12
and 20. German soldiers with ma chine guns. Several members of the legation ataif got away to Ymulden, about 30 miles. from The Hague.
Was
This short journey. I told, took efglit hours. They were stopped every half hour and had to break throughí embualies of parachute troop and splesAronvoy affo #basos crawled In this way from
The Harrue to Yrusilden