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The
Hongkong Telegraph.
Wednesday, June 5, 1940..
Wyndham St., Hongkong
•
Telephone: 20015
THE planx "special to the Tulograph"; is used by the "longkong Telegraph" to indicate hewn which is strictly copyright: under the provisions of is Telecommuni- cations Ordinance, 1936. Buch news at bears the indication "UP" 1 received in Hongkong on the date of publication by the United Press Associations, who re- serve all rights and fortid republication, either wholly or in part without previouÀ Arrangemen
FIBRA A D (90) miladila: Hongkong's Defence
THERE IS NO rénson whatever to believe that Hongkong is threatened by the latest developments in Europe or the Far East, arid the probability is that this Colony will go through the war with less inconvenience than any other part of the Empire.
any
At the same time it would be foolish to minimise the importance of taking precautions against possible contingency and it would lessen the uneasiness many people in this Colony feel if they were officially told what precautions are being taken,
On the surface, Hongkong does not appear-fully-prepared-to-meet-any contingency. We have been told that the authorities are taking note of what hus occurred in recent weeks in Europe and that steps are being tuken to meet the new elements of offence introduced by the Germans. If any steps have been taken they are not apparent to the layman.
The new methods of warfare in- troduced by the Germans might be sub-divided into parachute attack, the landing of troops by plane transport, fifth column activities and | ultra-mechanisation.
order to In
counter parachute attack it is necessary that all areas in
which
parachutists may land
should be guarded. Parachutists at once render all outes defence Uner pregnable since, as been shown in Holland and Belgium, defences can be compromised from the rear. The only defence at present seems to be parashooters-armed men on the watch day and night at strategic. positions.
In mountainous country such as Hangkong defence against landings of enemy troops by air transport
would seen comparatively easy, since
the only need is to guard areas on which landings
STRMBC
June 5, 1940.`·
By Strube
Army From The Air
BACK TO THE WALL 1914-1940
Sinews
Will
Win
The War In Europe
ARMED forces alone cân-
not win a war,
However large a nation's armies and navies may be, it cannot carry on the light without certain key resources -food for its people and raw materials for its factories. These are the sinews of war.
How do we compare with the enemy?
Because of our comrnand of the sea, we can continue to draw vital materials from every part of the world
The Nazis, on the other hand, must sooner or later find them- selves in great dimculties.
Thele share in total world pro duction of many of the most vitally important war materials is very small indeed. In peace. lime they had to get a large part of their requirements of these materials from countries which they cannot now reach.
Russian
cannot help
grently niter the position. Russia actually ranks lower then Denmark as on exporter, and exports cannot be multiplied in a day.
Now that war hns come, they will not be able to get anything like as much nickel, rubber and copper as they need. They will have to use substliutes for these things, at a heavy cost both in money and man-power,
NO war material is more vital than OIL. · This is a war of machines—of acroplanes, tanks, motor vehicles.
Without enough,oll machines come to a standstill. And what is wanted is not simply crude oil as it comes out of the corth, but re- Aned all the product of elaborate plants which take a long time to build
Here again the outlook for Nazi Germany is black.
In peace-time the Germans used nearly seven million tons of oil a year in the old Reich alone, No less than two-thirds of the tolal had to be imported.
In war-time the Nazis probably need anything up to twenty million tons of oil a year-three times as is much as in peace-time. Such the admission of Ferdinand Fric- densburg, a leading German au- thority. That is to say, the Nazis must obtain up to fourteen million tons more than in peace-time, either by increasing home produc tion or by additional imports.
WHAT are their chances of getting it?
In peace-time the Nazis ob- tained the greater part of their oll from the United States and other American countries. Now that war lins come they are cut off from these sourecs of supply.
They may be able to turn to Soviet Russia for
· part of requirements, but the their WHOLE of Russia's oil export (about a million tons
year) would amount to no more than ONE-FIFTH of the total imported by Greater Germany in peace-time.
war tunne rected
These areas would include the Race
cars
for actual protection of any of the citizens, although we believe some buildings have been ear-marked os Potential air raid shelters.
some
And beirol, which the Nazis most need, forms only a small part of the oil exported from Rumin.
What is more, the Nazis would encies, have great difficulty in transport-
decencies
THE Nazis might, on the other hand, seize the Rou- manian oll-folds.
But even if they succeeded in getting the oil-wells Intact-and this is extremely doubtful-their problem would not be solved.
and
The whole Roumanian German oll production put to- gether would not supply any- thing. Sike half_the_Nazis' war- time needs. Much of the Rou- manian oll, moreover, is of a kind which yields
Hittle very aviation spirit,
It quilo clear that there is a big gap between Nazi Germany's. war-time
and oll needs
the Amount which can be produced in territory dominated by Berlin.
· For a short time this gap may be filled by drawing from stocks built up in peace-time. When these slocks run out, the Nazis will have immense difficulties in obtaining the huge oll supplies · they need.
•
WHAT are Germany's chances of getting enough of another vitally important war material-IRON ORE?
On the eve of the last war, the Germans were producing THREE. QUARTERS of all the iron ore they needed. In those days their richest ironfeld was in Lorraine.
To-day the Lorrans Irónfield Iles on the other side of the Maginot Line.
ore.
In peace-time the Nazis pro- duced only ONE-THIRD of their iron Germany thus depends far
an more
foreign supplies than In 1014. In war-time this spells danger. Here Russia can be of Little help. The Russian output of fron ore has increased greatly in recent years but the Russians need it all themselves. They only export a telling amount.
Even before war broke out the shortage was 60 acute that the Nazi Government combed the country for scrap-iron.
Tramlines, for example, were torn up, and park railings were removed.
Now let us turn to the food position,
Our command of the sen is a guarantee that the Allied peoples will be kept suppiled with enough healthy food.
course at Happy Valley, the Kni Tak
Any enemy who strikes at Hong- Airport, portions of King's Park in kong will strike swiftly. The days Kowloon and similar sites. Yet we
when any warning is given are past. are not aware that any precautions Hitler has shown the world that the have been taken at any of these posl-way to conduct a successful offensive tions. In Sweden, for instance, the against an Impregnable obstacle is to menace of illegal landings by air is strike swiftly and with all the power overcome by the simple expedients at command, and to the devil with of placing hazards on any flat sur-treaties and international face that can be used as a landing There is not the slightest chance that ing the oll from Russia to Ger- feld-in this instance motor
we will emulate him: his methods many. The small quantity of Hus- were used.
are the very thing we are fighting. sian oil and petrol supplied to In maintaining watch
on Fifth But there is every possibility that Germany in peace-lime went by Column activities Hongkong, we be- Hitler will not be the last nation in way of the Black Sea, the Medi- lieve, has less to fear from the anti-the world to employ those methods, terranean and the Atlantic to Get- Nazi Germans and Austrians in our
Hongkong does not want to know many's North Sea poris route midst than from another potential what is going to be done to meet any which is now closed to the Nazis. source of danger. In recent weeks, threat. What it wants to know is: They cannot hope to carry large the Wang Ching-we!
organs in what has been done? Good intentione quantities of oil along the obvious Shanghal and Nanking have openly are bad defence in these days of un- alternative route via the Black deciated that it is the intention of civilised warfare.
Sea and the Danube-owing to the puppet Government to strike at
For instance,
parachule their lack of tankers, barges and the foreign settlements and conces- | troops meet a warm reception if they tank wagons. The Danube, more- sions and any following of this re-landed anywhere in the Colony fo- over, is a very difcuit river to Rime in the Colony, however small, morrow? Is the Colony in such a navigate, and its lower reaches are should be under surveillance. A state of unpreparedness that horlile icebound during part of the winter. least one Chinese newspaper in airemaft can land on its airports or
They
increase their production of by Wang Ching-wel and it obviously any potential Fifth Columnists at synthetic oll from coal.
This has some following.
large in the Colony? Have any method is very costly, and even in Hongkong's remaining danger in the ARP, trenches been dug for people peace-time used up enormous remote event of attack is not so much seeking refuge from bombst das quantities of coal. Any attempt from the ultra-mechanisation em-Chungking's excellent tunnel system to raise the output still fur ployed by Germany in Europe as of protection been emulated here?: thor by this means would place from the air. The Colony is spend-
cheese. Oficial reassurance on these points an even greater strain on German ing vast sums of money on ARP would not only serve to set at rest coul resources. Great difficulties, work but it is open to question the fearn many Hongkong people hold moreover, stand in the way of in whether the results achloved have but would also serve notice to any creasing coal production on a large been anywhere near commensurate would-be aggressor that this Colony scale. Mining is a highly skilled with the outlay. Absolutely no pro- is fully prepared to meet any attack job, and miners cannot be trained vision appears to have been made from any direction.
In thousands overnight.
would
Hongkong is reputed to be publisked on-open plots of land? Are there might, in the second place,
oll
}:
The French are in any case able to produce the greater part of their food at home. Justus Schmidt, the
German military writer, hos stated that "the aituation of France as regards her supplies of of agricultural products in war is very favourable," Germany presents n very different picture,
Take, for example, the question of fats,
case
Among the most important fals are tabla oils, pure vegetable fats, margarine, bacon, lard, butter and
In peace-time the GermRNA had to get one-half of their fats from abroad. This --was fatal:. onco: it will be fatal again lể thỏ German.mlištary effort and, PLEASE Turn To Page 9.
Briton Describes
Sky Invasion
STONISHING
AS
accounts, of
the methods of German parachute troops In Holland have been given by an English business man who was in The Hague during the first bom- bardinent of the city.
During a continuous 24-hour air raid he saw 1,000 parachuto troops dropped, and watched some of them making contact with members of the German Fifth Column in The Hague, including women sples.
This is the story in his own words:
"I arrived at The Hague on business on Thursday after-- noon. My "hotel was empty. and when I asked for news they
sald: 'We're waiting for
them. They are coming over." "I went to my top-floor room, but decided not to sleep. At 3 a.m.. just as dawn was break- ing, hundreis of aeroplanes came over the city, and bombs were folling everywhere. 1
went out on the balcony and saw that the sky seemed fled with 'planes, and parachute troops were being dropped In large numbers on several parts of the elly.
"Meanwille, the bombers concentrated their efforts on the important bulldings, includ- ing the barracks. When the smoke and dust had subsided I saw that several buildings, in- cluding the prison, had been destroyed.
*
"BOMBERS accompanied by Alghters came over in waves of 200, flying sometimes as low as 800 feet. While watched, Dutch anti-aircraft guns bagged
$1x
large machines. One, a 40-seater troop-carrier, buret into flames, struck another, and brought both down. They de- stroyed three houses, and I saw 40 or 50 bodies in the streets.
"At the same time seaplanes with detachable rubber pon- toons, each containing 40 men, settled on the shallow water near the shore. Five hundred men were landed on the beach Irs this way, wading ashore from the pontoons.
"I was told that the para- chute troops had orders to make their way to
the principal buildings. They took two of these, Dutch machine-gunners approached. Later they drove them out with grenades."
"During the air bombardment I saw six small Dutch machines being chased over the rooftops like
sparrows pursued by
hawks
of
"THE presence
of members
the Fifth Columns Was shown by the way parachute troops approaching náin build- ings were given directions by residents, including women, in houses near. These people clapped their hands to attract the attention of the parachutists and gave them instructions.
"Some were caught in an Interesting way. On the night before orders were issued that every Dutch soldier must carry a revolver. The German para- chute troops, although dressed In Dutch uniforms, had no re- volvers. They were challenged and arrested. Two were sot out of hand by the Dutch ser geant.
"Many
troops
of thesa parachute were
dressed in all kinds of costumes. Some wore the typical clothes of butchers and bakers' lads with baskets, filled with grenades and other ammunition, over
over their arms. was covered
The
with white cloth.
"When they heard women
their hands at the clapping
windows
of houses, they ap made proached and
with the spies inside.
Vas
Ahe
contact
"EACH parachute party numbered about 40, in chargo of a sergeant. These men look anuseum and the town ball, library Ticar the square. A civilian defence corps, ammed only with butchers' kalves, formed Immediately to counteract
parachutists. words - anti- parachute corps' on their arms. "I learned later from a friend that the British Legation was surrounded by between 12 and 20 Germon soldiers with in- chine guns. Several mobers of the legation staff-got away to Ymuiden, about 30 miles from The Hague.
Thoy wore, the
"This short journey. I was told, took eight hours. They were stopped every half hour, and lead to break through ambushes of parachute troops and "splex: A convoy of 15- thuses crawled in this way from ' The Hague to Ymulden.