Tuesday,"
HONGKONG TELEGRAPH
Declaration of the
RIGHTS OF MAN
T
HIS Declaration is the outcome of the British Public Debate which was conductod in the "Daily Herald" at the beginning of this year.
The Drafting Committee is satisfied that the Dodoration is Popresentative of the main body of opinion and of the principal considerations raised by those taking part in the Dobate.
The Commilled consisted of Viscount Sankey (Chairman); Sir Norman Angoll; Rt. Hon. Margaret Bondfield; Sir Richard Cregory Lord Horder; Sir John Orr, Mr. H. C. Wells; Mr. Francis Williams; Mrs. Barbara Woolton and Mr. Ritchio Calder (Secretary).
INTRODUCTION
W
ITHIN the space of little more than a hundred years, there has been a
complete revola
in tho material conditions of human
tion
Invention and discovery have so changed the pace and nature. of communications round and abɑut “ the carth. that... the distances which formerly kept the states and nations of man- kind apart have now been prac- tically abolished.
At the same time, there has been so gigantic an increase of mechi- anical power, and such a release of buman
energy, that men's ability other to co-operate with, or to injure and oppress one an- other, and to consume. develop or waste the bounty of Nature, as been exaggerated beyond all com- parison with former times.
This process of change has mounted swiftly and steadily in the past third of a century, and is now approaching a climax.
It becomes imperative to adjust ' life and institutions to the in- creasing dangers and opportunities of these new circumstances. He is being forced to organiss cooperation among the medley of separate sovereign States which has hitherto served his
political ends.
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At the same time he nuds it necessary to rescue his economic life from devastation by the immensely enhanced growth of profit Becking business and finance.
Political, economie and social collec- tivisation is being forced upon him.
He responds to these new conditions blindly and with a great wastage of happiness and well-being.
Governments are either becoming Stato collectivisms or passing under the away of monopolist productive and financial organisations.
Religious organizations, education and the Press are subordinated to the will of dictatorial groups and indivi dunia, while acknife and literary work and a multitude of social activi- ties, which have hitherto been inde pendent and spontaneous. fall under the_lufiuence of these_modern con- centrations of power,
Phase by phase these ill-adapted Governments and controls are restrict- ing that free play of the individual mind which the preservative of human efficiency and happiness.
The temporary advantage of swift and secret netion which these mono- poltaations of power display is gained at the price of profound and pro- gressive social demoraikation.
Bereft of liberty and sense of re- sponsibility.the peopiça au manifestly doomed to Inpac, after a phase gi servlie discipline, into disorder and violence. Confidence and deliberation.... Five place to hysteria, apathy, and in- fügency.
Everywhere 없겠 and monstrous economic exploitation are intensified, a that those very same increments of power and opportunity which have brought mankind within sight of an age of limitless plenty seem likely to be lost" ngato, and it may be,-last-for- over in-a-chuolio-and-irremediablo social collapse.
It becomes clear that a unified
politicas, economic and social
Thew national and private appropria- tions that now waste the mighty possibilities of our line.
The history of the Western peoples has a lesson for all mankind.
It has been the practice of what aro
called the democratle or Parliamentary
countries to meet every enhancement and centralisation of power in the past by definite and vigorous reassertion
of the individual rights of mari
Never before has the demand to revive that precedent been so urgent
ns it is now.
the eyes of the law, and equally en- titled to the respect of their fellow-
mer
2.-PROTECTION
+
OF MINORS
The natural and rightful guardians of those who are not of an age to protect -themselves are their parents.
In default of such parental protec- tion in whole or in part, the com. munity. hhying duo regard to the family traditions of the child, shall accept or provide alternative guardians,
We of the Parliamentary democracies recognise the evitability of world re construction upon collectivist lines, but, after our tradition, we couple with that recognition a Declaration of Rights, so that the profound changes now in pro-3.-DUTY TO THE gress shall produce not an attempted reconstruction of human affaire in the dark, but o rational reconstruction
COMMUNITY
It is the duty of every man not only'
Interested eltimen as hila capacity
allows.
Furthermore, it is the day of the community to rendor all mowledge available to him and ruch special edu- cation as will give him quality of opportunity for the development of his distinctive gifta in the service of man- kind. He shall havo easy and prompt access to all information netuary for him to form a judgment upon current events and issues.
5.-FREEDOM OF
THOUGHT AND WORSHIP
Every man has a right to the utmost freedom of expression, discusion, asso- elation and worstalp.
6.-RIGHT TO WORK
Bubject to the needs of the com- munity, a man may engage in any law- ful occupation, earning such pay as the contribution that his work makes to the welfare of the community my justify.
He in entitled to paid employment
June 4, 1940.
Contents
The Introduction. 1. Right to Live.
2. Protection of Minors.
8. Duty to tho Commnally,
4. Right to Knowledge.
5. Freedom of Thought
and Worship.
6. Right to Work
7. Right in Personal Property.
8. Freedom of Movement, 9. Personal Liberty. 10: Freedom from Violence. 11. Right of Law-Making,
criticism of mis tellows, a man shall have adequate protection from any misrepresentation that may distress or injure him
Secret evidence is not permissible, Statements recorded in administrative dossiers shall not be used to justify the slightest infringement, of personal liberty.
A dossier is merely a memorandum for administrative use; it shall not be #ed as evidence without proper con- #a!ion in opens court,
10.-FREEDOM
FROM VIOLENCE
No man shall be subjected to any sort of mutilation except with his own
and to make suggestions na the indeliberato consent, freely given, nor-to-
of employment which ho considers bim-
selt able to perform.
Work for the sole object of profit making shall not be a lawful occupa- £1011
7.-RIGHT IN PERSONAL
PROPERTY
In the enjoyment of his personal pro perty, lawfully possessed, a-man-is en-- itled to protection from pubila or private violence, deprivation, compul- alon and intimidation.
8.-FREEDOM OF
MOVEMENT
A man may move freely about the world at his own expense.
His private dwelling, however, and any reasonably limited enclosure of which he is the occupant, may be en- tered only with his consent or by a legally qualified person empowered with a warrant as the law may direct. Bo long as by his movement he docs not intrude upon the privato domnin of any other citizen, harm, or disfigure of encumber what is not is interfero with, or endanger its propez, use, or acriusly impair the happiness of others. he shall have the right to come and go wherever he chooses, by land, air, or water, over any kind of country, mountain, moorland, river, lake, nea or ocean, and all the ample spaces of this. his world.
conceived, and arrived at, in the full to respect but to uphold and to advance 9-PERSONAL LIBERTY light of day.
To that time-honoured instrument of a Declaration of Rights we therefore return, but now upon a world scale.
1.-RIGHT TO LIVE
.
By the word "man" in this Declara- tion is meant every living human being without distinction of age or nex.
Every man is a joint inheritor of all. the natural resources and of the powers, inventions and possibilities accumulated by our forerunners.
the rights of all other men throughout the world.
Furthermore, it is his duty to con- tributo auch service to the community as will ensure the performance of those necessary tasks for which the incen- tives which will operate in a Irce society do not provide.
It is only by doing his quota of ser Vico that a man can justify his partner- ship in the community.
No man shall be conscripted for mill. Lary or other service to which he has a conscientious objection, but to perform dis-no.social duty.whatsoever is to remain unenfranched and under guardian- ship.
Ho .entitled, within the measura "oftieso resources and without Nelther Governments nor great
Linction of race, coleur, or professed economie au sunatim combinations--beliefs or opinions, to the nourishment, were devised to exercise such powers; covering and medical care needed to they grew up in response to the ro realize his full possibilities of physical and mental development from birth to dentit.
quirements of an earlier age.
Under the stress of the new conal tion. Insecurity, abuses, and tyrannies Increase and liberty, particularly liberty of thought and speech, decays
Notwithstanding the various and un-- equal qualities of individuals, all men aliull be deemed absolutely equal to
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4.-RIGHT TO
KNOWLEDGE
It is the duty of the community to equip every man with sumcient educa- tion to enable him to be as useful and
Unless a man is declared by a com potent authority to be a danger to himselt or to others through mental abnormality, a declaration which must bo confirmed within seven days and thereafter reviewed at least annually. he shall not be restrained for more than twenty-four hours without being charged with a definito offence, nor shall he be remanded for a longer period than eight days without his consent, nor imprisoned for more than three months without a trial.
At a reasonable time before his trial, he shall be furnished with a copy of the evidence which it is proposedt to-use-against him.
At the end of the three montis period, if he has not been tried and sentenced by dus process of the law, he shall be acquitied and released.
No man shall be charged more than once for the same offence.
Although he is open to the frea
furclule handling, except in restraint of his own violence, nor to torture, beating or any other physical ill-trent ment:
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He shall not be subjected to montat AERTEX PANTIES
distress, or to Imprisonment in in- fected, verminous or otherwise insanl tary quarters, or be put into tho company of vermicous or infection people.
But if he is himself infectious or n danger to the health of others, ho may- be cleansed, disinfected, put in quaran= tine or otherwise restrained so far as may be necessary to prevent harm to his fellowa.
No one shall be punished vicariously by the selection, arrost or ill-treatment of hostages,
11.-RIGHT OF
LAW-MAKING
The rights embodied in this Declara tion are fundamental and inalienable. In conventional and in administra. tive matters, but in no others, it is an obvious practical necessity for men to mit the free play of certain of these fundamental rights
[In, for example, such conventional matters as the rule of the road or the protection of money from forgery. “and in such-administrativo matters- as town and country planning, or pubila hygiene.)
No law, conventional or administra- tive, shall be binding on any man or on any section of the community un- less it has been made openly with the activo or tacit acquiescence of every adult citizen, concerned. given elther by direct injority vote of the com munity affected är by, majority vote of his representatives publicly elected, These representatives shall be ulti- iately responsible for all by-laws and for detailed interpretations made in the execution of the law.
In matters of cooperative and col. lective action, man must abide by the majority decisions ascertained by elec- toral methods which give effective ex- pression
All iridividual choice. legislation must be subject to public No discussion, revision or repeat treaties or contracts shall be made secretly in the
of "the "com munity.
The fount of Ingistation-in-a-treo- world is the whole people, and since ufe flows on constantly to now citizens, no generation can, in whole or in part, surrender or delegate this legislative power, Inalienably Inherent in man- kind.
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