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TOE preйx "Special to the Telegraph" is used by the "tengkong Telegraph ta indicate news which is strictly copyright under the provisions of the Telecomumuni- callons Ordinance, 1931 Buch new As bears the indication "UF" is received in Hongkong on the date of publication by the United Press Association, who 10- servo all rights, and forbid republication, either wholly or in part wichiut previame KiTangement
Blitzkriegs In
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VON MOLKE in 1914 launched his Blitzkrieg much more rapidly and successfully than has Adolf Hitler in 1940, despite the fact that the latter alap took Holland in his stride.
In August, 1914, the main strength of the German Army had already penetrated into France through Belgium and the line of advance extended from the northern end of the Vosges to the Dutch frontier on the Meuse.
The chief striking force in 1014 advanced In an enormous are across the Meuse, the Scheldt, the Somme and Oise to the very outskirts of Paris. As this right wing pressed forward, one army alter another took up the movement towards the left or south-eastern Bank,
Compare the two Blitzkriega. The German invasion of Belgium in 1914 started on August 4. Llege had fallen in three days and in the same time the Germans were in possession of the entire territory cast of the Meuse. Louvain and Acrschot fell 15 days after the initial-invasion. Malines fell six days later. Brussels fell simultaneously with Louvain, Afteen days after the first invasion. Cambrai fell in 22 days St Quentin in 25 days, the Olse was forced in 27 days, the Marne in 28 days, and, within 32 days of the first invasion of Belgium, the Germans had reached their furthest point on the outskirts. of Paris, which was 30 miles behind the Marne.
The turning point came after 32 days of continuous battle, in which a million lives were lost, But the Germans could not keep up the pace and
the retirement came. Despite'. the heavy battles that occurred in the subsequent four years, France was never-really-threatened-agáln...........................
The comparison is more favourable to the Germans in-the care of Sedan. In 1914, this French elly on the Meuse fali 10 days after the invasion of Belgium, in the present Billzkrieg It fell after three days. Bul comparison is hardly fair in this case. Bedan was not, the only French border elty to fall The Germans swept into France along an enormous front: extending Falmost from the Swiss frontler from what was then German" territory (Alsace, and Lorraine) almost to the North Ben const.
hindtheschedule
Generals.
So, thumbs up!
A PAGE DEDICATED TO THE NORWEGIANS IN H.K.
WHEN NORWAY GAINED
HER
ONE hundred and twenty. six years ago to-day, on May 17, 1814, the Norwegian Con- stitution was finally drafted and signed.
Thus the union between Denmark and Norway, which had been in existence since the end of the 14th century, ended and Norway be
free and independent
came
B
kingdom.
This fulfilment of Norway's wishes was consummated
small place called Eidsvold, some 50 miles north of Oslo. You will probably remember Eidsvold as it was frequently mentioned in the news during the early-part of the German Invasion, and severe fight- ing took place there.
To this place 126 years ago had travelled representatives from all over the country to meet at the
Danish request of the
Viceroy, Crown Prince Christian Frederik.
The havoc wrought in Europe by the mad doings of another crazed warlord formed the im mediate background for the events that led to the suntmon- Ing of this Irst Norwegian National Assembly.
Napoleon, like his would-be counterpart of to-day, did not hesitate to trample on peoples liberties and rights, and his lust for power had plunged the whole European continent into 3 vast battlefield, No country excuped the miserable consequences, not even far away ile Norway.
*
PRIOR to this, Denmark and Norway had been united for some 400 years.
Sweden had also been a member of this Union for a short time but broke away in 1440.
The Union come into being as
a result of the Norwegian Royal line becoming extinct. The im- médiate effect of this was that the crowns Swedish and Norwegian
became temporarily united
and
INDEPENDENCE
protest
lished itself aa a against the Kicl treaty and against the decisions of those countries who had been part- ners to the treaty.
on
Sweden wanted its pouand' of flesh- and the larger countries whom Norway depended still smarting under the unhappy
by
were
Eidsvold was to remain in force but Christian Frederik was to abdicate.
The Swedish King, Carl Johan, was to wear the Crown of Norway, In addition to that of Sweden.
This fresh Union with Sweden wns a compromise and, like alt political compromises, was not success. It is not possible for two strongly independent nations to run in double harness and, as the years
On d'BEACH
conditions brought about by year's of warfare and depression.
Norway refused to yield and war with Sweden broke out on July 27 of the but was over by the 14th following month,
was
An armistice was signed which convention followed by stipulating the summoning of the Assembly to pass legislation sanc- tioning the Union of Norway with Sweden.
Law of
The
Constitutional
went on, this became increasingly obvious. The end, as you all know, came in 1005 when this Union was dissolved and Norway's present King, Haakon VII was elected and subsequently crowned In the Cathedral at Trondheim.
And this time the end of a Union was brought about peacefully, with- out any attempt nt bloodshed, be- cause the work at Eidsvold had been well and truly done in 1814 and the final dissolution of the
unlon
with Sweden
its natural and obvious sequence.
AS I write this, I have in: my mind's eye a picture of the building at Eidsvold where the dramatic events of 1814 were enacted.
It fx 凱
white-painted neat, wooden building with cother emate door in the middle frontage
The building has been preserved by the nation as a monument toʻthe. men and the work they so bravely performed, and the building has, to the Norwegians, been a symbol of freedom and independence; arid a tangible reminder, of the 'courage that inspired the great men Who gave them the Constitution.
I do not know whether the build- ing still stands or whether it has been blasted out of existence by the horrors of war,
But whether it is still there or not, the spielt it housed in 1814 still remains and will stand the Norwegians in good stead to strengthen them and their allies In their grim task, until the insi enemy is driven out of their be- loved country.
Hitler Invaded
My Country
-ITLER had done in
H Norway what all
Scandinavians had
by
later the three kingdoms became been trying to believe he Dr. BJARNE
one under Queen Margaret in 1107 would never do.
A great deal his been said and
+'/
written about this Union between My first thoughts were for Denmark and Norway.
my friends in Copenhagen There were bad times and there rather than for Norway. It is were prosperous-times,-and-the-a curious fact, but we tend to conflicting interests of the two
kingdoms, became strikingly ap- believe nowadays that bombs parent during the Napoleonic Wars. are a better fate than Nazi "pro-
Norway's trade with England tection."
had. Increased tremendously since In any case, it was difficult for me as a Norwegian citizen
the second half of the 17th century and the hostilities with England affected Norway very adversely to measure the news about my and brought to a conclusion the period of remarkable prosperity which the country had experienced up till then,
During the war in 1813 Christian Frederik, the Danish Crown Prince, arrived in Norway as Viceroy.
The following year, in January, the war between Denmark and Sweden ended ond by the peace of Kiel, signed on January 14, Nor
BRAATOY
London-correspondent --of-
the Labour Press in Den-
mark, Norway, Sweden & Finland.
own country, Norway has been' Bergen or even Trondheim, cut-
narrow-waistline,
imported raw materials, has she been able to improve what would otherwise have been a meagre existence.
But her products must in any case be taken to Germany by sea, which is precisely what Hitler's action has made impos- sible::.
---Hitler's chances of getting- Norway's own iron ore from the farthest north are NOW even less than they were be- fore.
وه
From the mines on the Arctic seaboard the ore must go at peace with all the world for ting the country in two at that by sea to Narvik. 130 years.
The British-Navy-has-cer- We have experienced strained But it is a far cry from cs tainly stopped all that traffic. relations with only one' country tablishing themselves at any of And if the invasion of Nor- during that period. When we those points, and governing the way is a dead loss to Nazi broke the union with the Swed country.
economy, the invasion of Den- ish crown in 1905, some people In a strictly military sense, mark is an oven greater loss.
Danish farming and Danish on both sides of the frontier Norway may be defeated with way was ceded to Sweden,
were prepared for the use of the greatest ease.
industry are able to provido a became known in armed force. But we weathered
But defence to-day does not surplus for export only if the Norway the Viceroy immediately that danger without firing a consist only of military defence. raw materials can be got from decided to summon a legislative shot. sembly as neither he nor the Nor- wegians themselves had the slight- est intention of wcepting any ces- slon. To summas a National, As-
When this
There are evacuation measures oversea.
They depend on foreign fer- to be taken, to get the civilian Familiar nanies leap into the population out of reach of ag- tilisers and feeding stuffs for the Danish farms, foreign' sembly, in 1814 was no easy matter, [news. That of Bergen stands gressive frightfulness.
In a country like Norway the metals and other supplies for out-an old sea-faring town on vast countryside provides shel- their manufacturing industries. Norway, ter in a measure unknown to Doca Hitler imagine that the west coast of where I spent happy boyhood highly industrialised countries. conl from the Danish Fdcroc Osló itself, remember, is a Isles, pyrites from Greenland years.
Other towns along the south town of only some 200,000 in- and fish oil from Iceland will be
of Norway 100. My habitants, Bergen has coast
about permitted to get through after family comes from that area. 100,000.
this? All these towns face west Spreading out, into the val- In the leys and mountains, along the
SINCE the German inva. sign most of you, no doubt, have studied the map of Nor way and
therefore, will realise that distances in that country are great.
railways.
where nearly 75 per cent. of its
As an example, 1 may mention that the distance between Eidsvold across the North Sea. and Trondholm alone is about 350 days before modern communicn- coasts, into the maze of fjords. From a strategic point of miles. There were, of course, notions, they were 118 near to the evacuees of Norway can low the invasion of Denmark Ronds were few and far between England as they were to the disperse into such small groups was, of course, child's play... and were just the kind of roads one rest of Norway,
that they will be able to evade It is not so much the fint would expect to find in a country
Until some thirty-five years the forces which the Germans nature of the Danish mainland area consists of bare rock and ago, a citizen of Bergen could will be permitted to get across and islands which lays Den-
mark open to attack. granite mountains. Added to these reach Scotland more quickly the Skagerrak. dificulties, the summons were sent than he could reach his own Life in the open has become It is the sea which eats into out in the height of
of winter.
second nature to the young the country from all sides, and You will readily realize the hard capital, Oslo, in the east.
Since then a railway acrosa generation of Norway. They allows the attacker to outflank", ships these
nese representatives. had to undergo in their horse-drawn sled the mountains has tied the two know their country as the old any defensive position the ges on snow-covered roads or on cities together, and steamship generations did not, from ski- Dancs might take up. beard small and often quite open travel round the long coast han ing tours in the winter and Only by transforming the boats along the rock-bound coast,
hiking and sailing holidays in country into a forest of anti- and for many of them the process been speeded up.
But I had school comrades in the summer.
aircraft guns and the shores of gelting, there look weeks.
But their determination to see a
Moreover the Increased mill. into a barbed-wire line of them through all their dimcolles to-rench-their-homes-in-North--tary training of recent years coastal batteries could the free and independent Norway sa Bergen who needed five days and the love they bore the country Jern Norway,
may have provided Norway Danish people have averted the of their forefathers *Inspired ali In fact, the enormous length with an advantage on which fate which has now come upon
thern, The work of the National Aof the country and the moun- the Germans had not counted.
their deliberations.
►
sembly started on. April 10 and, tainous character of the interior The fighting forces of Norway Given the advantages of the concluded with the signing of the have caused Norwegians to find may be puny, but they may also Norwegian, position, the Danes, associations overseas as natur- prove stubborn if not left, to I am certain would have acted ally as they make contacts at fight the invader entirely on 68 we Norwegians are acting. home.
Constitution and the election of Prince Christian Frederik at Monarch of Norway.
A great and noble work had been done.
A free and independent Norway had been re-created and the country was full of confidence and happily looking forward to its future, determined to prove its
to stand on. Its own feet.
Nevertheless, patriotic feeling
their own.
Given the tremendous dia- advantages of the Danish posl- tlon, a responsible Norwegian a strong. Nothing would have
Hitler will get no booty out Government would have had to been left of national unity in Norway to-day if the Govern- of this, invasion of my country, act as did the Danish Govern ment had answered the German Cut off from the outside ment. Minister in any other way than world,, Norway, becomes a very Both can only hope that the poor country, indeed nightmare which has suddenly it had risen from the I did. 1014 0
washer of a devastated and un- The Nazis may take towns In Only as a great carrying distorted their quiet lives wit
Curope, it had estab" the south. They may have nation and a manufacturer of be of short duration.
ability