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I
THE predix "special to the Telegraph la cued by the Hongkong Telegraph to indicate nows which is skietty copyright under the provisions of the Telecommuni cations Ordinance, 193 Such newY, LA bears the fadiction UP recaived in Hoke on the date of publication by the United Prai Associations, who serve an rights and forbid republication, Silber wholly of in part without previous arrangement.
Blitzkriegs In
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VON MOLKE In 1014 launched his Blitzkrieg much more rapidly-and- successfully than has Adolf Hitler in 1940, despite the fact that the latter also took Holland in his stride.
of
In August, 1914, the main strength the German Army had already penetrated Into France through Belgium and the ne of advance -extended-from-the-northern end of the Vosges to ile Dutch frontier on the Meuse.
The chlef striking force in 1914 advanced in an enormous are ueross the Meuse, the Scheldt, the Somme und Oise to the very outskirts of Parts. As this right wing pressed forward, one army after another took up the movement towards the left or south-eastern Danks,
Compare the two Blitzkriegs.
The Germin Invasion of Belgium In 1914 started on August 4. Liege had fallen in three days and in the same time the Germans were In possession of the entire territory cast of the Meuse, Louvain and Aerschot fell 14 days after the initial Invasion. Malines fell six days later. Brussels fell simultaneously with Louvain, Afteen days after the first invasion. Cambrai fell in 22 days, St. Quentin In 25 days, the Olse was forced in 27 days, the Merno in 28 days, and, within 32 days of the first invasion of Belgium, the Germans had reached their furthest point on the outskirts; of Paris, which was 30 miles behind the Marne,
The turning point came after "32 days of continuous battle, in which a million live were lost. But the Germans could not keep up the pace and the retirement came. Despite the heavy ballies that occurred in the subsequent four years, France was never really direatened again.
The 'comparison is more favourable to the Germans in the case of Sedan, In 1914, this French city on the Meuse fell 19 days after the invasion of Belgium, in the present Blitzkrieg it Zell after three days. But comparison is hardly fair in this case. Sedan was not the only French border city to fall. The Gerrans swept into France mlong an enormous front, extending almost from the Swiss, frontier from what was then German territory (Alsace and Lorraine) almost to the "North & CORREKAN
Token all in all, Hitler is far bo hind theichedule OFF STM
Centrals.
So, thumbs up!
***.
17, 1940
A PAGE DEDICATED TO THE NORWEGIANS IN H.K.
WHEN NORWAY GAINED
HER
ONE hundred and twenty-lished six years ago to-day, on May
17, 1814, the Norwegian Con- stitution was finally drafted and signed.
Thus the union between Denmark. and Norway, which had been in existence since the end of the 14th century, ended and Norway be- came a free and independent kingdom.
fulfilment of Norway's This wishes was consummated at a small place called Eldavold, some 50 miles north of Oslo. You will probably remember Eidsvold as it was frequently mentioned in the news during the early part of the German invasion, and severe fight- ing took place there.
To this place 120 years ago had travelled representatives from all over the country to meet at the Viceroy, request of the Danish Crown Prince Christian Frederik.
The havoc wrought in Europe by the mad doings of another crated warlord formed the Im- mediate background for the events that led to the summon- ing of this first Norwegian National Assembly,
Napoleon ke his would-be counterpart of to-day, aid not hesitate to trumple on peoples liberties and rights, and his lust for power had plunged the whole European continent into a vast battlefeld. No country escaped the miserable consequences, not even far away little Norway,
*
PRIOR to this, Denmark and Norway had been united for some 400 years.
Sweden had also been a member of this Union for a short time but broke away in 1440,
The Union came into being u
a result of the Norwegian Royal line 'becoming extinct. The Im- mediate effect of this was that the Swedish and Norwegian crowns became temporarily united and
INDEPENDENCE
itself as a protest against the Kiel treaty and against the decisions of those countries who had been part- ners to the treaty,
Sweden wanted its pound of flesh and the larger countries on whom 'Norway depended were
still smarting under the unhappy
by
Eldsveld was to remain in force but Christian Frederik was to abdiente. .The Swedish King, Curl Johan, was to wear the Crown of Norway in addition to that of Sweden.
with Sweden This fresh Unton.
like and,
all was a compromise political compromises, was not at success. It is not possible for two strongly independent nations to run in double harness and, as the years
On d'BEACH
conditions brought about by years of warfare and depression."
Norway refused to yield and war with Sweden broke out on July 27 but was, over by the 14th of the following, month,
Was
a
An armistice was signed which followed by convention stipulating the summoning of the Assembly to pass legislatien sanc- tloning the Union of Norway with Sweden.
The
Constitutional
Low
of
went on, this became increasingly obvious. The end, as you all know, came in 1905 which this Union was dissolved and Norway's present King, Hankon VII was elected and.
In crowned subsequently Cathedral at Trondheim.
the
And this time the end of a Union was brought about peacefully, with- out any attempt at bloodshed, be- cause the work at Eidsvold had been well and truly done in 1814 of the and the final dissolution
was only
union- with Sweden Its natural and obvious sequence).
AS I write this, I have in my mind's eye a picture of the building at Eidsvold where the dramatic events of 1814 were enacted.
It
is a
neat, white-painted wooden building with a rather ornate door in the middió frontage. The building has been preserved by the nation as a monument to the men and the work they so bravely. performed, and the building has, to
ཟ
the Norwegians, been a symbol of freedom and independence and tangible reminder of the courage that inspired the great men gave them the Constitution.
who
I do not know whether the build- ing still stands or whether it has been blasted out of existence by the horrors of war.
But whether it is still there or not, the spirit it housed in 1814 still remains, and will stand the Norwegians in good stead to strengthen them and their allles In their grim task, until the fast enemy is driven out of their Be- loved country.
Hitler Invaded
My Country
-ITLER had done in
H
all what Norway Scandinavians had
later the three kingdoms became been trying to believe he Dr.
one under Queen Margaret in 1997 would never do.
A great deal has been said. and written about this Union between Denmarie and Norway, "___
My first thoughts were for in Copenhagen friends my There were bad times, and there rather than for Norway. It Is were prosperous times, and the condicting interests of the two kinglons became strikingly ap- parent during the Napoleonic Wars. Norway's trade with England had increased tremendously since the second half of the 17th century and the hostilities with England
curious fact, but we tend to believe nowadays that bombs are a better fate than Nazl "pro- tection."
was difficult In any case, it for me as a Norweglan citizen
-by-
BJARNE BRAATOY
London correspondent of the Labour Press in Den- mark, Norway, Sweden & Finland
imported raw materials, has she been able to improve what would otherwise have been a meagre existence.
But her products must in. any case be taken to Germany by sea, which is precisely what Hitler's action has made impos sible.-
Hitler's chances of getting Norway's own iron
ore from the farthest north are now
even less than they were be- fore.
From the mines
on the
affected Norway very adversely to measure the news about my and brought to a conclusion the own country. Norway has been Bergen or even Trondheim, cut- Arctic seaboard the ore must go period of remarkable prosperity at peace with all the world for ting the country in two at that by sea to Narvik. which the country had experienced
[130 years. up then..
During the war in 1813 Christian Frederik, the Danish Crown Prince, arrived in Norway as Viceroy,
The following year, in January, the war between Denmark and Sweden ended and by the pener of Kiel, signed on January 14, Nor
narrow waistline,
The British Navy has cer- We have experienced strained But it is a far cry from es tainly stopped all that traffic.
And if the invasion of Nor- relations with only one country tablishing themselves at any of during that period. When we those points, and governing the way is a dead loss to Nazi broke the union with the Swed- country.
economy, the invasion of Den- lah crown in 1905, some people In a strictly military sense, mark is an even greater loss. on both sides of the frontier Norway may be defeated with Danish farming and Danish were prepared for the use of the greatest ense.
industry are able to provide a Sweden.
But defence to-day does not surplus for export only if the known in armed force. But we weathered became Norway the Viceroy immediately that danger without firing a consist only of military defence. raw materials can be got from decided to summon a legislativo na shot. sembly as neither he nor the Nor weglubs themselves had the slight- est intention of accepting any ces- slon. To summon a National Ar- sembly, in 1814 was no easy matte:
way wus ceded When this
SINCE the German inva- slon most of you, no doubt, have studied the map of Nor- way and will, therefore, realise that distances in that country are great.
As an example, 1 may mentira that the distance between Eidsvold and Trondheim stone is about 350
the
There are evacuation measures overses.
to be taken, to get the civilian They depend on foreign fer- Familiar names leap into the population out of reach of ag- tilisers and feeding stuffs for the Danish farms,. foreign news. That of Bergen stands Bressive frightfulness.
In a country like Norway the metals and other supplies for lout-an old sea-faring town on vast countryside provides shel- their manufacturing industries.
west coast of Norway,
ter in a measure unknown to Does Hitler imagine that. where I spent happy boyhood highly industrialised countries. coal from the Danish Faeroe.
Oslo itself, remember, is a Isles, pyrites from Greenland Other towns along the south town of only some 200,000 in- and fish oil from Iceland will be. coust of Norway 100. My habitants, Bergen has about permitted to get through after family comes from that area, 100,000,
this?
years.
All these towns face west Spreading out, into the val- across the North Sea. In the~;
Beys and mountains, along the days before modern communica- coasts, into the maze of fjords,
From a strategic point of
miles. There were, of course, nations, they were DA Tear to the evacuees of Norway can view the invasion of Denmark.
Roads were few and far between England as they were to the disperse into auch small groups was, of course, child's play.
railways.
It is not so much the flat and were just the kind of roads one rest of Norway.
that they will be able to evade would expect to find in a country
Until some thirty-five years the forces which the Germans nature of the Danish mainland where nearly 75 per cent, of 'its area consists of bare rock and ago, a citizen of Bergen could will be permitted to get across and islands which lays Den more quickly the Skagerrak,
mark open to attack, granite mountains. Added to these reach Scotland
It is the sea, which eats into dinculties, the summons were sent than he could reach his own- Life in the open has become
the country from all sides, and out in the height of winter.
second nature to the young capital, Oslo, in the east.
Since then a railway across generation of Norway, They allows the attacker to outflank
defensive position the mountains has tied the two know, their country as the old any cities together, and steamship generations, did not, from ski- Danes might take up. travel round the long coast has ing tours in the winter and Only by transforming the
You will readily realize the hard ships these representatives had to undergo in their horse-drawn sled ger on snow-covered roads or on board smail and often quite opin bosts along the rock-bound count, and for many of them the promets of getting there took weeks.
But their determination to see a free and independent Norway aw them through ill their diffkulties and-the love they bore the country of their forefathers Inspired, al their deliberations.
and
the
The work of the National As sumbly started on April 10 concluded with the signing of Constitution and the election of Prince Christian Frederik as Monarch of Norway.
A great and noble work had been dene. A free and independent Norway had been re-created mid
been speeded up. -
the
hiking and sailing holidays in country Into a forest of anti- "aircraft guns and the shores: But I had school comrades in the summer.
a-barbed-wire line of Bergen who needed five days": Moreover the increased milk into
the.
to reach their homes in North- tary training of recent years coastal batteries could
may have provided: Norway Danish people have averted the ern Norway.
In fact, the enormous length with an advantage on which fate which has now come upon: Given the advantages of the
of the country and the moun- the Germans had not counted them. tainous charactor of the interior. The fighting forces of Norway
have caused Norwegians to find may be puny, but they may also Norwegian position, the Danes, BBBociations overseas as natur, prove stubborn if not left to I am certain would have acted ally ng they make contacts at fight the invader entirely on as we Norwegians are acting.
their own. Thome. A
Nevertheless, patriolic feeling
...
Given the tremendous "did- advantages of the Danish post- tion. a responsible Norwegian: the country was full of confidence is strong. Nothing would have
Hitler will get no booty out Government would have had to and happily, looking forward to a been left of national unity in future determined to prove s Norway to-day if the Govern- of this Invasion of my country. act as did the Danish Govern-
billy to stand on its own coment-had-answered the German Cut off from the outalde ment,
very Both can only hope that the Minister in any other way, than world, Norway becomes very
poor country, indeed,
nightmare which has suddenly: it did,
Only as a great carrying distorted their quiet lives will The Nasin may take towns in the south, They may have nation, and a manufacturer of be of short duration,
BUT it had risen from the theg of a devastated and un- Casy Europo, it had catab
..
"