PAGE 4.-HONGKONG TELEGRAPH
Sir Nevile | Henderson
INSTALMENT 17
The storm breaks over Europe'as Hitler decides that it shall be war.
As German troops and warplanes are flung into Poland, Sir Nevile, Henderson, Britain's Ambassador in Berlin, warns Hitler that unless the troops are withdrawn Britain will go to the aid of Poland.
But no reply is forthcoming.
And so, once again, Britain was at war with Germany.
DURING August 31 there has been much activity on the part of Field-Marshal Gouring." I think that Gooring him- self would have preferred a» peaceful solution. but in matters such as these it was Hitler's decision which alone counted: And whatever Goer- ing might feel, he was merely the loyal and submissive ser vant of his master.
Moreover, as I have already de- scribed, he had come down dr- finitely on the side of place a year before, and it may have been cliticult for him to adopt this course a second time,
He invited me, however, to come and see him that afternoon, ajut I did so at 5 p.m. in company of Sir G. Ogilvic-Forbes.
Asd heard that the lext of
the proposals which Ribbentrop tins refused to give me was to be broadenst on the radio that even- ing, my first remark was to point out to the Field-Marshat that this #d procedure would probably finally wreck the last prospect of peace.
I begged him to do his utmost to prevent their publication.
Goering's reply was that he could not intervine, and that the German Government felt obliged to broadcast their proposals to the world in order to prove their "gnad faith."
Final but
forlorn-hope-
He talked for the best part of two hours of the Iniquities of the Poles and of Hitler's and his own desire for friendship with England, and of the benefit to the world in general and the advantage to Eng- land in particular of such fendship...
it augured the worst, from the fact that he was in a position at such moment to give me so much of his time.
He had a few days before been made president of the new Gor- nan Defence Council for the Reich (or War Cabinet), and he could scarcely have afforded at such a moment to spare time in conver- sation, it did not mean that the fast detail. everything, down was now ready for action.
My general Impression of this tast talk, with Goering was that It consituted final but forlorn effort on his part to delach Britain from the Poles.
es, the Fleid-Marshal Nevertheless, the seemed sincere when, having been called to the telephone,
he returned to tell us that M. Lipski was on his
to see Ribbentrop. He seemed relieved and to hope' at, provided contact that,
was only established, war might after all
way
prove unnecessary.
The meeting with the Polish Ambassador proved, however, qulle futile.
M. Lipski stated that he was net- ing solely in his capacity as un Ambassador without plenary powers. to discuss or to negotiate.
Travesty
of the facts
He handed to the Minister for Foreign Affairs a brief communi cation to the effect that the Pollsh Government were weighing favour- ably the proposal of His Majesty's Government for direct discussion, and that a formal answer in als matter would be communicated to in the the German Government immediate future.
Henderson left Berlin with staff and pet dachshund Hippy on the morning of September The train was delayed 4 on a special train. for some 18 hours,
ZERO HOUR IN BERLIN
It was zera
flons with the Poles, hour.
In the early hours of Septem- ber 1, without any declaration of war, the German army crossed the frontier, and the German air force proceeded to bomb the Pulish aero- dromes and, fines of communien- tion.
In
accordance with Hitler's usual was then lechnique everything
Wise
done by the German authorities to prave to the German publie that it was the Poles who had been the aggressors instead of the aggressed Goering sent-me a message to say that the Poles had begun the the bridge blowing up the by
While across the Vistula at Dirchau, Hiller himself issued a pr tion to the German arniy ing that the Polish State had re- fused the settlement which he offered and had appealed to urms. Every German newspaper re- peated the He that it was the Polts who begun the fighting.
hnd Finally, at 10.30 .m., Hitler met the Retchstog, which summoned for
had been bour. and the 15- similarly announced lo sembled Delegates that he had been "forced to take up arms in defence of the Reich."
It was a deliberate travesty of the facts, and never can there have been, or ever be. a case of more premeditated and carefully planned aggression.
to
Late that same evening I was Lord
Halfax Instructed by notify the German Government that the latter by their aetlen had ercated conditions which called for the implementation by the Govern ments of the United Kingdom and France of their undertaking to come to Poland's assistance,
A
day
of suspense
Unless His Majesty's Govern- ment received satisfactory assur unces that the German Govern- ment had suspended all aggressive action and would be prepared, fo withdraw their forces from Polish His Majesty's Govern-
territory, meat
of the Staff left their normal re- sidences and were concentrated in the Adlon Hotel next dour or in the Embassy itself.
September 2 was a day of sus- репке The Poles were. it was re- ported, putting up 'a brave re- sistance in the face of surprise and overwhelming humbers.
No reply was received from the German Government throughout the day to the British and French warnings.
Italy's last
peace effort...
In the meantime the Italian Government was making one last effort to save the situation.
The Itallan Ambassador hud come to see me at midday on his for Foreign way to the Ministry “Affatre:-
Signor Attolles told me that he must know one thing immediately, Was the communication whitel I had made the previous evening to Herr von Ribbentrop an ultimatum or not?
I told His Excellency that f had been authorised to tell the Minis- ter for Foreign Affairs if he had asked me-which he had not done that it was not an ultimatum but a warning.
I mentioned to Signor Attellco that I understood that the Italian Government were pulling forward a suggestion for the cessation hostilities and the immediate sum- moning of t conterence of the interested Powers.
of
In this connection 1 sald that I felt bound to express the opinion that such a proposal would never be entertained unless at the same time all the German troops were Polish territory. withdrawn from I urged him to press for this.
Only two
would, without hesitation, solutions
full their obligations to Poland.
I was instructed at the same time to request an immediate reply, and was authorised, if asked, to explain that, this communication
Was
in
the huture of a warning, and wos not to be considered as an ulti- matum.
I handed this communication in writing to the Minister for Foreign Affairs at 9.30 that evening.
Ribbentrop received it without other cominent than that the sole
lame rested on the Poles.
Ile made no inquiry as to the exact nature of the communica- tion, but merely said that he must. submit it to the Fuchrer,
I told him that I realised that this would be avaliable at whatever hour he might be in a position to give me the Reichschancellor's reply.
Proposals, and to him. Their Tediately after me and received
offer to
He did not ask for the German and Ribbentrop did not to give them meeting lusted but a few minutes. Ambassador, When the Polish after his laterview, attempted once more to telephone to his Govern-. ment, he found that it was no
do $0. longer possible for him to
Hitler had, in fact, chosen this moment to precipitate the conflet. He did not want direct negotia-
મ
The French Ambassador, who had been instructed to make similar communication, did so im- a reply on the same lines.
Early in the afternoon, of that. day, I had in
in accordance with Lord
instructions, um- the United States claily
good Charge d'Affaires to be enough to take charge of British interests in the event of war.
All elphers and confidential do cuments were burnt, and the whole
The Ambassador retorted that 1 could not speak for my Govern- ment. I admitted that fact, but said that could not imagine the possiblity of ourselves, and much less of the Poles, agreeing to any lesser course.
There had never been, in fact, for Hitler bat the two solutions: the use of force, or the achieve- ment of lila alms by the diplay of foror.
I
Late in the afternoon of Septem- ber 2 communicated to the Secretary of State for the infor- intion of the German Government the verbatim report of the Prime Minister's speech in the House of Cominons on that date.
1
Therein Mr. Chamberlain statect that while His Majesty's Govern- ment could not agree to the proposal of the Italian Government for a conference while Poland was, being subjected to Invasion, they would be willing. if the German forces were withdrawn from Pollsh territory, to regard the position as being the same as before the forces had crossed the frontler.
Was
the Inst chance of It avoiding the great catastrophe of war at the last minute, but the
German silent.
Government
remained
I present our
ultimatum
At 4 m. on September 3, 1 was accordingly instructed by His Majesty's Government to arrange for a meeting with the Minister ..for Foreign Affairs at 9 a.m.
There was soma. dificulty in contact with the establishing Ministry of that hour, but I was inally informed that Dr. Schmidt was authorised by the Minister to accept on His Excelleney's behall any communication which I might mike to him.
I accordingly, hunded to Dr. Schmidt at 9 am. precisely the Anal ultimatum from His Majesty's Government, painting cut that over twenty four hours had elapsed since
I had requested an immediate answer to our-warning-communica tion of September 1.
from the German no reply from Government was vouchsafed by 11 u.m., the German representative
As
cur special train as far as Rotter- diam.
F
My last offeinl communication to the German Government was gole which I presented on the
His of
Majesty's instructions Government Inquiring whether the German Government would observe the provisions of the Geneva Pro- togol of 1925 prohibiting the use in war of asphyxlating, poisonous or other gares and of bacteriological methods of warfare.
The German Government later replied to this through the Swiss Minister in London giving the re- quired assurance on the under- standing that His Majesty's Govern- ment would similarly observe the provisions of the Protocol.
the
Copyright in all countries. Reproduction in whole or in part strictly prohibited.]
TO-MORROW The curtain falls German people's horror at back the idea of war - home in England.
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By ten minutes past 11 every British consular officer ins Germany had been advised by the staff of His Majesty's Embassy at Berlin that this was the case,
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Shortly after 11 am. I received anal message from Ribbentrop asking me to call upon him at once. I did so at 11.30, and he lost no thue in giving me on this occa- sion a lengthy document to read, refusal on the beginning with part of the German people to accept any demands in the nature the of an mutunt made by British Government, and stating that any aggressive action by Eng- land would be answered with the same weapons and the same form. The rest of the document was pre- destined pure propaganda,
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the world people and
generally that it was Britain alone which was to blame for everything which had happened.
My only conument on reading this completely false representa- tion of events was: "It would be left to history to judge where the blame really lay,”
Ribbentrop's answer was to the effect that history had already proved the facts, and that nobody had striven harder for peace and Kood relations with England than Herr Hiller had done.
His last remark to me was that he wished
ine personally good, to which I could only reply that I deeply regretted the failure of nil my ciforts for peace, but that I bore grudge against the German people.
no
Thereafter I saw no further. German offelal except the member of the Protocol, who accompanied
These extracts, are taken from the book by Sir Neylle Hender- บง Cutilled Foilure. Musion, published by Mera Hodder & Stoughton, Ltd.
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