Friday,
HONGKONG TELEGRAPH
May 3, 1940.
■MAGAZINE PAGE
EYES OF WAR
OT many months ago a
N%
foreign military comman- dar mado this startling statement. "The army with the best photo- graphic corps will win the next war!"
t
Of course, nerint map- plug and recounalasanco vre Important, but can they be that important?
At the end of the World War cameras served as auxiliary eyes for the Army and an excellent elder for the memory of the observer. In fact, conditions were often such that the camera could not bo
although visual obser-
made.
vation
could
ho
o-day, the comero la the super
instantly recording detalls which the observer could not assimilate In
a half hour and re- vealing minute details when the eye encounters only shifting haze. Try to imagine nctual milltary conditions and you can understand the omeer's
oplaton.
A new po
A new position has been taken, men are digging into temporary defences, which are wide open to barrage And aerial attack. The The whole corps is vulnerable, only defence Hea in decepilon. only
mile behind the line n false trench is dug, only a few inches deep.
It is decorated with hel- mets, bayonets, and general trench debris.
When the enemy flies over their concealed trenches, the true posi- tion will not be seen because the false trenches are assumed to be the true ones.
Yes, such A defence would probably have been successful In 1918, but to-day it wouldn't fool the neriat camera moment.
up
3
Modern military strategy depends Information, accurate Infor- mation, obtained without loss of limo
The enemy move artillery into a new, well-camouflaged position over-night; submarines lle in secret harbours, with motors silent; rapid, mobile combat units move unexpec- tedly to new position in the haze of battle;, an effective battery is operating from behind
bill, whose height must be determined.
Heretofore, information about such developments had to depend upon the more or less accurate observation of man. To-day the modern military
camera siswers
the question necurately and in- stantaneously.
THE pletures are taken in the air, and by the time the aeroplane is grounded the negatives are developed all ready for rapid examination and for quick print-
Within less than ten minules after grounding, the staff offcers may examine clear photographs of the scene of action! And these photograpits will reveal
many things not visible to the eyes of the photographer who made the shots.
The penetration of opaque struta is an accomplished fact.
U-boats can be photographed when the surface reflection hides them from visual observation, and when ordinary photographs would show
the wet
water as a metallic, opaque surface; ground haze ean be cut through easily; even light fort and hazy smoke can be wiped away by the magic of modern photography.
During the war of 1914 pan- chromatie plates were still in the experimental stage, and very poor, ni that, To-day we have a dozen or more different kinds of Panchromatio Alms of excellent quality,
Pan Alm, as it is called, is highly Important. Briefly, we must re- member that ordinary daylight is made up of all colours. The rain- bow is formed when daylight is split up into its component parts.
These colours run, in order of yellow, wavelength, blue, green,
red. Violet in the orange and
When shorter component of blue. light travels some distance the vio let and blue rays get lost, are re- flected and bounced about until they no longer mean anything to the eye.
However, in their confused state they give the appearance of a uni- form blue colour. The most com- mon example on is the sky. There is
The answer
to the question overyone is asking: 'WHY DON'T THEY DROP BOMBS?'
no colour there, nothing but empty, black space. Only the scutter of the blue produces the appearance of a solid blue dome,
The same thing causes huze, the grent enemy of nectal photography. Haze is simply the amount of
daky" between the neroplane and the groundi
THE red rays are not so easily disturbed, and it
we could brush away the inter- fering curtain of tangled
blue Tays, we could scu righ through the Jaze: in
fact, would appear,
Ordinary films respond only to
dis-
the blur part of daylight; pan- chromatic Alms react to every colour of daylight.
Therefore, if a sheet of red glass is placed over the camera lens, is glass, which we call a filter, pushes back the blue and green rays let- ting only the red throughı,
By this means it is possible to make sharp and clear photographs of objects which are completely hidden to the eyes by a heavy cur- tuin of hazo. In very bad cases wo go even further and make use of the.invisible rays below the visible"
red
Intra-red reveals another im- portant trick of camouflage. The enemy moves arilllery into posi- tion overnight. By morning the guns are camouflaged by trees and boughs. Dumps and trench open- ings are concealed beneath rough, green-painted canvas,
From the air the new position is absolutely Invisible, yet with- In an hour after daylight they are shelled so heavily that the position has to be abandoned,
How was the position discovered? Infra-red lms have a peculiar characteristic. Green paint will photograph as dark grey or black, while living foliage photographs snow-white in this
visible light." The guns and dumps are revealed as if they were coal bluck on a field of snow!
HOWEVER, night photography is not ruled out.
So great has been the develop- ment in film sensitivity and lens speeds since 1918-and many such developments are not yet com- merclalised - that effective CX- posures can be made now with about 1-5,000 the amount of light necessary twenty-five years ago.
Most people are familiar with the routine of mosaic mapping.
A plane flies over o strip of ter- ritory, maintaining us nearly enn- stant altitude as is practical. At the end of the trip the plane is turned and les back a short dis- tance to one side of the original path.
narrow
Back and forth the flight is made until the whole area has been photographed in a number of
strips. The
of series photographs thus made are as- sembled into a great mosaic by cutting the central portion from each and matching it to the next
one.
The result is that the enemy's secrets are secrets no longer.
curious, in- HERBERT C. McKAY
Balkans, Prize of Many Wars, Watch Rapid Changes
THE BALKANS
BIHAĆ
Army: 1,800.000
1,100 planes
M
BATORALIA VIHELY*
MISKOLC⚫ EGEN
KOMAROM
STAPA
BUDAPEST
BUT
CÓDIRECZNO
R
H U
LEALAO
Army 760,000 Negligible air fore
MAYONIA
VEL CH
●DARIA LUKA
SARAJEVO
KIANVAS BEEN
| Austro-German World war invision. Alles drove back
P
up this way to throw Cen-
tral powers out of Surba.
hold in Brikans.
NATURAL ROUTES OF INVASION
✡ FORTIFIED AREAS
FORTIFICATIONS
WESTERN LIMIT OF SOVIETS NEW INFLUENCE IN EUROFE
2014m9 BERLIN-FAGHDAD RAILROAD
wetenser OTHER MAIN RAILROADS
100
50
350
Germans poured through: |Carpathian parteyin World! ORADEA war and bushet Rumanian
army almost into Rusti
FAMENETS POLDOLSE,
BOTOSANI BALIT Stantination of Wilkes
Fuarly in 6th century.
BESS
GROMAN
BACAD
ARAD
Aimy: 1.600.000 800 planes
TANGU
RAALAD
TURNT ENVEDD
WA
CRAIOVA
CHIA
BUCHAREST
CARICAL
ALIKANDŽIA
Erman
"LEISTOV
114212
RAZORAD
BUNER VARNA Army: 700,000 100 plant
BALCIO
Main path of conqutions for | centuries. Romanu Terks, Crusaders, and Slavs used it.
**STARA
fified port for Athens,
and a Greek naval base,
TMASPOL
Library, Expense Court,
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BY.
LONDON'S FAVOURITE COMEDIANS
MAX MILLER
BD615 to At the Holborn Empire BD617
BD646 to Second House, Holborn Empire BD648
She said she wouldn't
BD770 to At Finsbury Park Empire
BD772
BD533
Winnie the Whistler
Doh-re-me
BD710
BD305
BD705
BD700
BD766
Adolf.
BD757
Kiss me goodnight Sgt.-major
BD739
The worm. Knitting
BD65G
All to specificailon. The cuckoo
DD552
The bee sonr. Chirrup
No, no, no. Marla tell for me
I'm the only bit of comfort
ARTHUR
ASKEY with Jack Hylton's Boys Ain't it grand to be in the Navy The hole in the wall Crash, Bang
Willow, it willow
Washing on the Siegfried inc
How natismed I was
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Turkish invation of $21- (hans in mid-15th century,
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●LLARDOS
#AYDON
A
Jury:650,000) 1,000 planes
„Fortided Viellaa) (brand nevaƐbasa. |
Mountainous Nations Need Large Armies to Defend Passes, Vulnorable on All Sides.
Sizes of the armies of Balkan nations hero include trained reservos, Military fortifications are weaker than those of Western Europe, The rivers, Morava, Vadar, and Danube, corridors of trade, have often been avenues for bringing invadors.
Flashback to 1914-18 Trench Raid
ONE of the most difficult things in the world is for the Infantryman of the 1914-18 war to try to understand this war, and this war's patrols, outposts, and roids. And its dis- tances between the two lines (ours and theirs).
It is far cagler for the man who has just read about both wars, but taken part in neither. To us 1014-18-cre a war is some thing fought between two armies each entrenched in a glorified ditch within at most 200 yards and at some points seventy-five yards of each other.
Delween the two ditches was
no-man's-land: shell-holes, mud, barbed wire, miles and miles of tangled masses of it (ours and theirs). We knew two kinds of trenchi
raids the silent and the not-30- silent.. Here
how the two went:-
are
No. 1-The not-so-silont
Message for company comman-
the
clambers over
parapet. A whispered muttering-Good luck, Bill," and "Mind the wire," as the party disappears into the blackness of no-man's-land.
Apart from the occasional ping of a bullet, all is reasonably quiet, A hundred yards away (in tula case) is the German front line.
We keep as close together ค possible. Carefully we drag our way through barbed wire al 0
cut, knowing that the slightest sound will betray us to the Ger-
der "A" company: "One officer, a point where it has been previously sergeant, and six men will carry out a rald on the German front line 13-10 hours for the purpose of bringing back two or three prison- tra,"
The whole company anda by on the fire step of the front Ilno trench as the rakding party quietly
Suddenly a loud detonation and a hiss comes from the enemy trenches. A second Inter the shat- tered landscape is lighted up by a magnesium inre or Very light,
which hangs suspended before it sizzles out at our feet. We remain as though petrifled until we are protected again by the darkness.
can
Still on our hands and knees, we take a firmer grip of our rifles. Twelve yards to go. No spoken orders
be given. Silently we wait for our officer's hand signal. We each draw a Mills bomb, pull the safety pin, Tobit in
Jump upr up, and clamber down Into, the German trench. Two of us guard, with fixed bayonets and hand ready on a Mills bomb, the bays at either end of the trench.
In a second the officer, the ser- gennt, and two men rush to the entrance of dug-out. The officer gives a sharp order to the Germans
who have taken shelter in the dug- oul. They quickly surrender; they know that refusal would mean that a hand grenade would be whisked Into the dug-out and . . .
The prisoners are trooped out in single ille-maybe with the aid of a gentle prod from a bayonet-and back across no-mnn'a-Innd to our lincs.
Rific Arc, machine-gun fire, artillery fire-answering the SOS from the German front line-make the trip back-well, hazardous. No. 2-The silent raid
Three or four of you go out, Ond a German standing Inn trench, grab him by the shoulders, clap a hand over his mouth, drag him out of the trench, and whisk him off without a word. Back "home" to the same sort of artillery orchestra as on the other kind of raid.
And next morning you read in "Orders" "Another quiet night on the Western Front."
PRESIDENT LINGB
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