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May. 1, 1940.
OSLO WAS BETRAYED BY NAZI PLOTTERS
WITHIN HER GATES
First Full Narrative of Germany's Penetration of the Fjord Defences and Seizure of the City
For the first time, in the despatch iblished below, the full story is revealed in Hongkong of the treachery among Nazi supporters in Norway and highly-placed officials which made possible to the German Navy and Army their unchallenged entry into Oslo.
It reveals that an order, forged in the name of Dr. Koht, Norway's Foreign Minister, forbade resistanco by the warships at the naval base in Oslo Fjord; and that the electrically controlled minefielda” in the Narrows were rendered harmless as part of the plot.
Our contributor was also an eye-witness of the strange and bewildering events of the hours which followed the occupation and describes the "triumphal march" of the German troops-at that time numbering only some 1,500-through the principal boulevard. He tells of the embargo of the German censorship on all messages from Oslo to the outer world; his despatch now brings to yht a story which was "crying to be told."
BY AIR MAIL FROM A SPECIAL CORRESPONDENT
on the
First
conception how this incomprehensible/elite had been invited to see "an un- courageously Germans had captured speculating but doing nothing and
STOCKHOLM. ance occurred at Oslo, and until now events including the fact that two only through the personal interven-
"Later on, of Mr. Raymond Cox, FOR the first time the story has probably never been reported. German cruders were sunk,
behind Germany's paralysing the German Legation held a soiree to the Germans got about 100 men Secretary, who remained in charge which were invited 200 persons repre- | ashore. There was some fighting. of the American Legation, that our twelve-hour invasion of Norway enting Norway's most influential We had four men killed and the first despatches were finally accepted
All the members of Germans
thero two. But personalities.
was the only despatches which were on Tucaday, April 9, can be told. pe Government were invited, many nothing we could do. The officers allowed to pass for more than 24
Between midnight and noon that bewildering day Norway's officers of the defence forces, and of our ships ran up white flags. We hours.
Norway's capital In ́ very quarter capital, all her principal seaports and ending bankers, shipping executives did not know why and I still do not
and industrialists, The invitation know why. We thought they had was scene of dazed disorganisation, her most strategically valuable coastal
completely without leadership. Ap- defences fell into German hands like emphasised the importance of the orders from the Government."!
ties. stipulating white soiree by
In this fashion. Norway's capital parently even the men who had been overripe plums.
was betrayed from within and the called to the colours did not know The Norwegian
were uniforms and decorations." people
"BAPTISM OF FIRE" stunned, as the selgian people must
German occupation of Oslo assured where to go or simply forget about have been stunned in 1914, and most Despite the great formality imposed before its Government knew what . The streets were filled with men had of fighting age, all standing watching of them still have not the alightest it was no official dinner. Norway's had happened or Parliament
refused to capitulate.
the German planes, waiting and tragedy could have happened.
'Before the usually interesting film." It proved
the Oslo Government had going nowhere. spent those hours in Oslo, together to be the cinema film "Baptism of Horten,
which depicts in most graphic already ordered mobilisation as a pre- with two other American newspaper- men who were on the spat-Warren detalls Germany's aerial destruction caution. Accordingly, before day- Irvin, of the National Broadcasting in Poland. For over an hour the dis-break on April 9 scores of young
und Steevens, tinguished Norwegian audience sat in and Edmund Steevens,
the Monument at 5.30 p.m. to- ristian Science Monitor-and icy silence, gripped by the horror of
The
Hongkong Telegraph.
Wednesday, May 1, 1940. Wyndham St., Hongkong Telephone: 20015
THE prenx "Special to the Telegraph
Is used by the "longkong Telegraph to indicate news which is strictly copyright under the provisions of the Telecommuni- cations Ordinance, 1914. Buch newE KI bears the indication "UF" is received in Hongkong on the date of publication
of the
we ourselves could scarcely accept its scenes. Afterwards the German the evidence of our eyes. But I had Minister explained that the film was to remain in Oslo through four days not a war but a peace flim, since it chone of the German occupation to learn showed what nations which how this miracle of lightning naval peace would save their people Ger- and military occupation was made man Legation that night filled with possible. Then I could scarcely be-gloomy ominous thoughts,
In Oslo. I learned that Malor lieve my car
After
that, with the last train con-Quisling, leader of the pro-Nazi Nor- nections with Sweden severed, Irvin wegian party called the Samling and and I decided to try somehow to get til to-night Premier of the socalled
cars,
across the border.
#
NOT SUBDUED BY ARMS
It was the only possible way to give detalled. account of the most
"National Government" set up after the German occuption, was in Berlin ut the time the fim was being shown In Oslo and while the expedition was being organised. He returned to Oslo.
the United Pres Associations, who roastonishing thing that has happened on Saturday, April 0. serve all rights and forbid republication, either wholly or in part without previous strangemen
Parliament's New Technique
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menis on ministerial utterances, But apart from occasional echoes of old social controversies, party feeling is largely in abeyance. All groups- or at least all the more important groups are in agreement about the main requirements for war, about conscription, and the need of making to the everything else secondary efficient prosecution of war. If it is true that the party system is of the essence of Parliamentary government, then it might be supposed that Parliamentary government ceased.
had
MOTODDEN
HORTEN
AJ
Oslo
•
2
W
NMARI
"
It was like this until 2.30. Then,
as I walked up to the hotel desk the porter asked me "Aren't you going
out to see the Germans come in?"
"What do you mean, the Ger-
scene
"Yes, they're marching up Cari- Johan Boulevard any minute now.
I called Irvin and Stevens; we rushed outside into the strangest Imaginable. Oslo's beautiful with main boulevard was jammed
flocking to see the Ger people all mans come in. Strangest of all were the Norwegian policemen calmly forming lines along the pavements clearing the streets for the Germans' triumphal entry. One policeman told me the Germans would be there within. 10 minutes.
All this and what follows I told in a
a despatch which I handed in that since the second World War began.
On Sunday night the British sowed
The Bea Approach to Oslo #fternoon-but the Germans had just Norway's capital and great sea- the minefields below Narvik. On
laken over the telegraph building perts were not captured by armed Monday Berlin's Press flamed against Norwegians reported at Horten Hall and learned two days later that force. They were seized with un-"provocation." In the first hours of way Station. They were unmediate-not a line of the despatch was ever paralleled speed by means of a Tuesday, April 9, Norway's naval de-ly rounded up by German marines sont, gigantic conspiracy which must un- fences were betrayed to the German of the landing party and pinced
÷ Meanwhile we supposed that the doubtedly rank among the 'most fleet and the first German troops were aboard the German ships which had world knew most of the story.. audacious and most perfectly elled landed at Fornebo, Oslo's airport, u
come up.
We waited half an hour on the political plots of the past century,
few hours after daybreale.
Meanwhile we had spent an eerie hotel balcony with an excellent view By bribery and extraordinary in-
night at Usio's Grand hotel, with all the way up the boulevard filtration on the part of Nazi agents,
succession of air raid alarms, of its beginning at the foot of the hill and by treason on the part of a few
which the first sounded 35 minutes on which the Royal Palace stonds. highly placed Norwegian civilian
after midnight, about the time the and defence officials, "the German
'The Marching Column: mobilisation was ordered. dictatorship built its Trojan horse
Shortly before three o'clock two At first I did not understand the lorries filled with a dozen German. Inside Norway.
street: from those of Helsinki and sounded
out their arma,
messmen.
ta
At 7.45, while we still had not
to
men
capital.
We
This brings us to the methods by which Oslo Flord and Oslo itself were captured from the sea in the early mornmans
bours of April 9. The
could
I not enter with- controlling the vital Norwegian out Then, when the hour struck, the naval base at Horten. At 1.30 that alarm, es the sirens were dinerent soldiers ralled along the
morning three and a half hours be- German rlotters spiked the guns of fore Berlin's ultimatum was handed like nor care honitung in a traffic Soldiers lolled in them with rifies most of the Norwegian navy and to Dr. Koht, the Norwegian Foreign etter stevens and a decluid dangling us if they had been assured reduced its formidable fortresses to Minister the commander of three that the Norwegians were only re-ance to fear. From the rear of the
that they had not the alightest resist Impotence.
Absolute control by only a hand-Norwegian waran ps stevehearsing the aut arm as a precau- second-lorry-two-machine-guns
an urgent message. ful of key men in administrative to Dr. Koht, the Nowegian Foreign on. So I refused to get up until poked their noses out, straight down
seven o'clock. Then Finnish positions and in
the boulevard. Their crows Jay the Navy was supposedly signed by Koht himself, necessary to turn the trick and and I was accepted as coming direct diplomat Informed me of the ultima-] prone, with intent, hard faces, ready
tum and the Government's decision to Bre. This was the only show of everything had been faultlessly from the Government via the Minis prepared.
10 leave,
force and all that was needed. The conspiracy was about 90 per try of Foreign Affairs. It ordered the
At 3,3 a murmur ran wirough the Norwegian
ships not to fight against cent according to schedule. Only in German warships which were about the slightest idea what had happened crowd. We could see two mounted two or three places was it marred to come up the fjord, and to put all in Oslo Fjord and at Horten, Avo men
swinging into the boulevard in by unexpected hitches, but Nor-12 way's sea gates were already wide their men schare Immediately-with-Nazi bombers suddenly came roaring front of the Palace then six and in over the rooftops so low that they then the head of a marching columna open,
For the success of the German the order the commander ordered all them come, expecting every moment were Norwegian policemen actually
Without questioning the origin of almost touched them. We watched, in field-grey. The mounted plan the capture of three key cilles te men ashore except, stokers and that bombs would fall. For two and escorting the German troops which was essential. These three were
half hours German
planes dived
the were occupying Oslo Bergen and Narvik. It is re- ported that Narvik was betrayed
Here one slight hitch occured which over the city, always only three or looked on uncomprehendingly. Later was costly for the Germans. The Ave in number. They were intend- I was told that the Norwegian police the Germans by its commanding Norwegian minelayer Olav Tryggva-ed to terrorise the populace into sur-men never carry any kind of anns; officer.
How
Bergen's harbour de-son had unexpectedly put in for re-render and the authorities into inac- this also was why they failed to fences were taken remains I mystery so far as I can learn. But pairs the previous evening. Her pre- tlon while the Brst troops were being fain the Government's order to ar most important of all to the Nazi fence was apparently unknown to the landed by air at Fornebo, outside the rest Quisling, or
The
column marched plot was the immediate domination This was the only Norwegian war leaders of conspiracy Oslo.
Thousands of Osloans gazed at steadily nearer through a land of of Oslo Fjord, with its mighty
and fearfully, but 20,000 or 30,000 Osloani, fully half vessel which did not receive the order them curiously fortresses, and the forcing of its
and thus she remained in a condition there was no panic. None of us of whom were men of military age: virtually impregnable narrows at to fight.
dreamed that German warships were A tall, broad-shouldered offleer, Gen. other Drobak, together with the seizure of the great Norwegian naval base who verified these developments 30-
Afterwards the Norwegian sailor in the inner harbour and that Oslo von Falkenhorst, and two 08 already doomed. We
marched still ofcera
directly behind the nt Horten.
Only in this manner could the rared: It was only through treason thought that British ships and 'planes mounted poilce. Then came the Ger- might come at any moment. It man regulara in column of threes, as Germans penetrate to Oslo and that the Germans got In."
that the
make
the line look as long as Meanwhile, an even greater coup seemed deliver the almost irresparable blow
the it to The Narrows had been scored by the platters.
old credible
have been forced by possible. One out of nino to Norway's Parliamentary Govern- Narrows of Olso Fjord were mined the Germans and the powerful forts light machine-guns; all carried com ment,
and controlled from Drobak. About of the fjord silenced.
pact aluminium kits and bulky 1.30 on the morning of April 8 these. The same madness of Incompre- shoulder-packs. To seize the whole of Oslo Fiord mines were all rendered harmless by hensible events continued all They were hard-muscled, stony-
day and force its narrows would have cing electrically disconnected from long, Firat there was mystification faced men. They marched with rifles appeared impossible to any foreign the Drobak control. The mystery of over the city's complete lack of do- on shoulders with beautiful precision. government except the Nazi Dictn-who ordered this to be done remained fence from its naval forces and Mostly they stared straight ahead. forts. Then it was the im- but some could not restrain, trium- Naz! phant smiles in the direction of the of machine-
leonicokers. Czechoslovakia, the inconceivable
We Could Do"
Greeted With Nazi Saluto gun bullets which spattered almost was accomplished. Until now,
10 At
o'clock
Several times Falkenhorst and the still half an hour before incessantly until after believe the outside world has had
the German Minister handed the Then it was the further fact that other two officers returned the Nazi to guess how it was done:
Nazi ultimatum to Dr. Koht, a Ger- only one anti-aircraft battery weemed salutes of persons in the crowd, who To understand the scope of the
German must-have been'. German advance conspiracy one must go back to some man cruiser, believed to have been to be firing against the where near the climax of the plot.
the Emden, accompanied by two planes, and that even this became agents and had been busy in Oslo. submarines, reached Horten.
weeks In Oslo I learned on most reliable three Norwegian war
The silent after firing only a few shells, for
crowning before, this Vessels there all of which were inexplicably wide moment. authority that Germany's sen forces re
From our hotel balcony two Naxis It
and froopships alled from the Ger were completely helpless, the of their mark.
Tryggvason
gave the salute. I noticed in part!- en little minelayer Olav
Daxed Disorganisation - Many manbera regard it as one of man parts for their Norwegian adven blocked the entrance to the Narrows. their most important functions to ex-
Finally, at 10.30 came an equally cular the heaming. face of a chic. ture during the night of Thursday, She Immediately, discharged tor-fantastic lull, during which the slim, blonde German woman whose tract information from the Govern- Apill 4-three full days before las pedoes and sank the cruiser and one German planes only circled occasion-husband had been very active in
British ment, not for handing it on to the
mined the
Norwegian submarine. upper Narvik.
ally and absolutely nothing seemed hotel since we arrived previous
the public, but that their own criticism coast between Bergen and
Thursday. It was reported, though I am un- to
преп may be informed. Hence the de- was also informed with inp
impressive able to confirm this, that the cruiser
It was a thin, unbelievably short. of thousands of
persona mand for occasional secret sessions. assurance that the German army he tone was run by contre clustered in the streets and on the column. It required only six or At a secret session it is exported that chiefs strongly opposed, Helar o tey from the Narrows fort called Oaker- pavements, waiting, utterly baffled, seven minutes to march Pacomplete Information be plan invade Norway, because
asked where the British were battalions surely less than 1,500
composed only of Members for their own use so that insisted that the communication lines borg.
We all In any case, the crows of all the but, also, where were the Germans? they can more effectively discharge for an army of occupation in Norway other war ships were ashore without Meanwhile I had a great battle to erway's their critical duties.
would be most dangerously Halted
the get the Telegraph Office to accept annabitants was being occupied by a aorway's capital of nearly 300.000 Parliament is playing a democratle and exposed.
arms of Horten; by daybreak role effectively, but not in the least The Nazi party's Radical leaders Germans. had fanded marines and despatch without a special Govern
The way in the usual Parliamentary way, or supported the Fuehrer in a decision seized Horten:
through ment Press card. At nine o'clock German force of approximately 1500
could men. according to the trodillon. Is it taken avainst the nounsel of the the Narrows was open and Oslo was in the morning Stevens and I
The last of the German troops possible that a House of Common regular army chiefs,
defenceless: from the sea..
find no responsible chief at his post I talked to another Norwegian who in the telegraph building, only groups hiss, without a single tear noticeable
went by without, n, singlo decem which can so change its procedure in On Friday night, April 3, while the this way may evolve a new technique German Deet and transports were was one of the Horten naval base of perplexed employees standing which in time may fundamentally already steaming towards Norway, on personnel that night. He confirmed about in the corridors those few on any Norwegian face, Tiko chili- modify the party system?
event of enormous historical import-all the main detalls of the above who had reported for work. It was PLEASE Turn To Fago 5.
But, on the contrary, Parliament has by no means ceased to function. It is extremely active, although the form of its activity is not that to accustomed. which politicians are Criticism is ceaseless, but in the main it is the criticism of individuals listening to the voice of the man-in- the-street rather than that of, a political party. It is heard just as often from Conservative members as from the Opposition.
The House of Commons has become a sort of watch-dog for the public, ceaselessly reminding an Executive that it has to reckon with public opinion and must march in step with
AGAINST ARMY ADVICE
J
torship; but by, methods even more unsolved when I left Olso, but this astonishingly efficient than those move enabled a German cruiser tol
of the
which it used against Austria or penetrate the Narrows before dawn. 'planes to the thou-lying
but
carried