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OSLO WAS BETRAYED BY NAZI PLOTTERS WITHIN HER GATES
•
First Full Narrative of Germany's Penetration of the Fjord Defences and Seizure of the City
For the first time, in the despatch published below, the full story is revealed in Hongkong of the treachery among Nazi supporters in Norway and highly-placed officials which made possible to the German Navy and Army their unchallenged entry into Oslo.
It reveals that an order, forged in the name of Dr. Koht, Norway's Foreign Minister, forbade resistance by the warships at the naval base in Oslo Fjord; and that the electrically controlled mîncfields in the Narrows were rendered harmless as part of the plot.
Our contributor was also an eye-witness of the strange and bewildering events of the hours which followed the occupation and describes the "triumphat march" of the German troops at that time numbering only some 1,500-through the principal boulevard. He tells of the embargo of the German censorship on all messages from. Oslo to the outer world; his despatch now brings to light a story which was "crying to be told,”
BY AIR MAIL FROM A SPECIAL CORRESPONDENT
STOCKHOLM.
twelve-hour invasion of Norway which were invited 200 persons repre- ashore. There
enting Norway's
We
First
jance occurred at Oslo, and until now
events including the fact that two only through the personal interven- FOR the first time the story has promineration a to the Ten Crusts were sunk, "Later tion of Mr. Raymond Cox,
The German Legation held a soiree to the Germans got aboht 100 men Secretary, who remained in charge behind Germany's paralysing
was some fighting. of the American Legation, that our most influential We had four men killed and the first despatches were anally accepted All the members of Germany two. But there
was the only despatches which were Jon Tuesday, April 9, can be told. personalities.
on the Government were invited, many nothing we could do. The officers allowed to pass for more than 24 Between midnight and noon
hours. that bewildering
Norway's officers of the defence forces, and of our ships ran up white flags. day
Norway's capital in very quarter cupital, all her principal seaports and leading bankers, shipping executives did not know why and I still do not
and Industrialists, The Invitation know why. We thought they had was a scene of dozed disorganisation, her most strategically valuable coastal
completely without leadership. Ap defences fell into German hands like emphasised the importance of the orders from the Government."
soiree by stipulating white ties,
In this fashion Norway's capital porently even the men who had been overripe plums.
The Norwegian people
were uniforms "and decorations."
was betrayed from within and the called to the colours did not know "BAPTISM OF FIRE" German occupation of Oslo assured where to go or simply forget about stunnet, as the setgian people must
Despite the great formality Imposed before Its Government new what it. The streets were filled with men stuned in 1914, and mout have been of them still have not the slightest was no official dinner. Norway's had happened or Parliament had of fighting age, all standing watching the German plones, waiting ond conception how this incomprehensible/elite had been invited to zee "an un courageously refused to capitulate speculating but doing nothing and
usually interesting
Alm." It proved Before the Germans bad CHURN-On May 1, 1940, at 8.20 tragedy could have happen, together to be the cinema filma "Baptist of Horten, the Oslo Government had
those hou a.m. at her residence, 53 Conduit
with two other American newspaper- Fire," which depicts in most graphic already ordered mobilisation as a pre- Road, Lema Johnsford Chum,
men who were on the spot-Warren details Germany's aerial destruction caution. Accordingly, before day- nged 10 years. Funeral will pass Irvin, of the National Broadcasting in Poland. For over an hour the dis-break on April 9 scores of young the Monument at 5.30 p.m. to Corporation, and Edmund Steevens, Inguished Norwegian audience sat in
(Shanghal papers of the Christian Science Monitor-and icy
by the horror of silence,
Afterwards the German we ourselves could scarcely accept scenes. After
that the film was the evidence of our eyes. But I had Minister explained to remain in Oslo through four days; not a war but a peace film, since it of the German occupation to learn showed what nuilons which chose how this miracle of tightning naval peace would save their people Ger- and military occupation was made man Legation that night filled with possible. Then I could scarcely beloemy ominous thoughts, lieve my ears.
DEATH
morrow. please copy),
he
Hongkong Telegraph.
Wednesday, May 1, 1940.
Wyndham St., Hongkong Telephone: 20815
THE preix "Special to the Telegraph 14 used by the "Blangkong Telegraph" to indicate Bews which is striefly copyright under the provisions of the Telecommust- cations Ordinance, 1010. Such 'news as bears the indication "UP" is received in
Hongkang on the date of publication by
the United Press Aciociations, serva att rights and forbid republication, either wholly or in part without previous arrangemen
Parliament's New Technique
The British House of Commens to-day presents a strangely different. aspect from that of a year or two ago. Then it was deeply divided on najor questions of foreign policy, some of which could not be raised without fierec debate. Now its tem- per is completely altered. It is more like a large committee of persons assembled to deal with a matter of common interest and to pool their knowledge with a view to attaining results.
The parties under their leaders sit in their accustomed pinces, and the spokesmen of Labour and the
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ments on ministerial utterances. But apart from occasional echoes of old social controversies, party feeling Is largely in abeyance. All groups-- or at least all the more important groups are in agreement about the main requirements for war, about conscription, and the need of making the everything else secondary to efficient prosecution of war. If it is true that the party system is of the essence of Parliamentary government, then it might be supposed that had government Parliamentary ceased.
But, on the contrary, Parliament
has by no means ceased to function.
After that, with the last train con- nections with Sweden severed, Irvin and I decided to try somehow to get across the border.
קטן
In Oslo I learned that Major Quisling, leader of the pro-Nazi Nor- wegian party called the Samilog and til to-night Premier of the recalled "National Government" set up after the German occuption, was in Berlin
MATODDEN
LIVE NUM
OM HAMAN
30
HORTEN
now!
Oslo
A
刻
OROBAK
going nowhere,
It was like this until 2.30. Then, as I walked up to the hotel desk the porter asked me "Aren't you going out to see the Germans come in?"
"What do you mean, the Ger- mans?"
"Yes, they're marching up Cari- johan Boulevard any minute now.'
I called Irvin and Stevens; we rushed outside into the strangest scene imaginable. Oslo's beautiful main boulevard was jammed with people all
the Ger flocking to see Ger- mans come
come in. Strangest of all were Norwegian policemen calmly forming lines along the pavements clearing the streets for the Germans' triumphal entry. One policeman told me the Germans would be there within 10 minutes.
The
All this and what follows I told in a despatch which I handed in that afternoon-but the Germans had just building and I learned two days later that laken over the telegraph not a line of the despatch was ever
sent.
NOT SUBDUED BY ARMS It was the only possible way to give at the time the sim was being shown In Oslo and while the expedition was astonishing thing that has happened on Saturday, April 0.
detalled Recount of the most in organised. He returned to Oslo
since the second World War began,
On Sunday night the British sowed Norway's capital and great sea- the mineflelds below
The Sea Approach to Oslo Narvik. On ports were not captured by the Monday Berlin's Press famed against Norwegians reported at forten Rate force. They were seized with un-provocation." In the first hours of way Station, They were immediate- paralleled speed by means of a Tuesday, April 9, Norway's naval de- by rounded up by German marines gigantic conspiracy which must un- fences were betrayed to the German of the landing party and placed doubtedly rank among the most feet und the first German troops were aboard the German ships which had world knew most of the story.
Meanwhile we supposed that the audacious and most perfectly oiled landed at Fernebo, Oslo's airport, u political plots of the past century.
We waited half an hour on the few hours after daybreak.
Meanwhile we had spent an cerle hotel balcony with an excellent view By bribery and extraordinary in- This brings us to the methods by night at Usio's Grand hotel, with a all the way up the boulevard to filtration on the part of Nazi agents, which Oslo Flord and Oslo itself were succession of air raid alarms, of its beginning at the foot of the hill and by treason on the part of û few
hours of April 9. and defence officials, the German
morning
The Germans could not enter with dictatorship built its Trojan horse out controlling the vital Norwegian Inside Norway.
come up.
highly placed Norweglan elvillon/Captured from the sea in the early which the first sounded 35 minutes on which the Royal Palace stands.
open.
of
ported that Narvik was
at
the
cut their arms.
messmen.
had
after midnight, about the time the mobilisation was ordered.
FC-
were
von
zilles
Later
The Marching Column Shortly before three o'clock two At first. I did not understand the
lorries Álled with a dozen German Then, when the hour struck, the naval base at Horten. At 1.30 that
rolled along the from those of Helsinki and sounded Soldiers folled in them with
street. Cerman plotters spiked the guns of orning-three and a half hours alarm, as the sirens were ditterent soldiers
fore Berlin's ultimatum was handed ke motor-curs honking in a trame dangling as if they had been assured most of the Norwegian navy and to Dr. Koht, the Norwegian Foreign
*** | jani. Later Stevens and I decided reduced its formidable fortresses to tinister-the commander of three that the Norweglans were only that they had not the slightest resist Impotence.
the at Horten re-s Norwegian warships at Ho Absolute control by only a hand-ceived an urgent message, it was our Icefused to get up until and ther
was hearsing the air alarm as a precau-ance to fear. From the rear of
two machine-gung ful key men in administrative to Dr. Koht, the Nowegian Foreign
poked their noses positions and-in-the-Navy-was suppose
out, straight down o'clock Then Finnish. signed by- Koht himself,
~crews--lay necessary to turn the trick and and was accepted as coming direct diplomat Informed me of the ultima7 the boulevard. Thoir-
supposedly
prone, with intent, hard faces, rendy everything had been faultlessly from the Government via the Minis tum and the Government's decision prepared.
to leave.
to fire. This was the only show of force and all that was needed. The conspiracy was about 00 per try of Foreign Affairs. It prdered the
At 7.45, while we still had not At 3.3 murmur ran through the cent according to schedule, Only in Norwegian ships not to fight against two or three places was it marred German warships which were about the slightest idea what had happened crowd. We could see two mounted
and at Horten, five by unexpected hitches, but Nor to come up the fjord, and to put all in Oslo Fjord
Into the boulevard in men swinging way's seu gates were already wide their men ashore immediately-with-Nazi bombers suddenly came roaring front of the Palace then six more, the rooftops so low that they then the head of a marching column. Without questioning the origin of almost touched them. We watched, in field-grey. The mounted men For the success of the German the order the commander ordered all them come, expecting every moment were Norwegian policemen actually plan the capture of three key cities his men ashore except stokers and that bombs would full. For two and escorting the German troops which was essential. These three were
'planes dived a half hours
the occupying Oslo. Bergen and Narvik. It is re-
Here one slight hitch occured which over the city,
only three or looked on uncomprehendingly. betrayed to the Germans by its commanding was costly for the Germans. The five in number. They were intend- I was told that Die Norwegian police- officer.
Norwegian minelayer Olav Tryggva ed to terrorise the populace into sur-men never carry any kind of arms; How Bergen's harbour do- man had unexpectedly put in for re-render and the authorities into inac- this also was why they failed to fences were taken remains 1, M mystery so far as i can learn. But pairs the previous evening. Her pre- tion while the first troops were being fulfil the Government's order to ar most. Important of all to
sence was apparently unknown to the landed by air at Fornebo, outside the rest Quisling. Nazi plot was the immediate domination leaders of the caly Norwegian War Thousands of Osloans gazed at steadily nearer through a land
The German column marched of of Oslo Fjord, with its mighty This was the only Norwegian war
and fearfully, but 20,000 or 30,000 Osloans, fully half fortresses, and the forcing of its vessel which did not receive the order them curiously
no panic. None of us of whom were men of military age. virtually Impregnable narrows at and thus she remained in a condition there was Drobat, together with the seizure
dreamed that German warships were to fight. of the great Norwegian naval base
two Falkenhorst, and
other Afterwards the Norwegian sailor in the inner harbour, and that Use A tull, broad-shouldered offleer, Gen. nt Horien.
Already who verified these developments de- was
doomed. We still officers marched directly behind the h that British
ships and Only in this manner could theclared: "It was only through treason
planca
police. Then mounted
came the, Ger Germans penetrate to Oslo and that the Germans got in."
come at any moment. It man regulars in column of threes, as deliver the almost irresparable blow! Meanwhile, an even greater coup seemed utterly incredible that the if to make the line look as long to Norway's Parliamentary Govern-Nurrows of Olso Fjord, were mined the Germans and the powerful forts light machine-guns; all cacried com
carried been scored by the plotters. The Narrows could have been forced by possible. One out of nine ment. 21 20
pact aluminium kits and AGAINST ARMY ADVICE
bulky zame The To seize the whole of Oslo Flord: 1.30 on the morning af April 9 these
of incompre-shoulder-packs."
They were hard-muscled, atony- and force its narrows would have eing electrically disconnected from long. First there was mystification faced men. They marched with rides appeared impossible to any foreign the Drobak control. The mystery of over the city's complete lack of de- on shoulders with beautiful precision. government except the Nazi Dicta- who ordered this to be done remained fence from its naval forces and Mostly they stared straight ahead, Lorship: but by methods even more unsolved when I left Olso, but this coastal forts. Then it was the im- but some could not restrain trium- astonishingly efficient than those move enabled a German cruiser to
munity
of the low-flying which it used against Austria ori penetrate the Narrows before dawn.
Nazi phont smiles in the direction of the Czechoslovakia, the Inconceivable
to the thousands of machine- onlookers.. We Could Do"
Granted With Nazi Saluto gun bullets which spattered almost was accomplished. Until now, I! believe the outside world has had the German Minister handed
sttil half an hour before then it was the further fact that other two officers returned the Nazi Incessantly until after 10 o'clock. Severat Umes Falkenhorst and the to guess how it was done: To understand the scope
Nazi ultimatum to Dr. Koht, a Ger- only one anti-aircraft battery seemed salutes of persons in the crowd, who of the conspiracy one must go back to some
believed to have been to be firing against the German must have been Gorman advance
two planes, and that even this became agents and had been busy in“, Osto- where near the climax of the
accompanied by plot the
renched
ched Horten.
before this The silent after firing only a few shells, for weeks in Oslo I learned on
crowning .1he reliable
From our hotel balcony two Nazis and troopships safled from the Ger-
Tryggvion little minelayer Olav
Daxed Disorganisation gave the solute. I noticed in parti- Many members regard it as one of man ports for their Norwegian adven blocked the entrance to the Norrows. Finally, at 10.30 came an equally cular the heaming face nt. a chic. their most important functions, to ex-ture during the night of Thursday. She immediately discharged tor-fantastic lull, during which the slum, blonde German woman whose tract information from the Govem- April 4-three full days before the
sank the cruiser and one German 'planes only circled occasion. husband had been very delive in our ment, not for handing it on to the British mined the upper Norwegian pedoes and s
submarine."
ally and absolutely nothing seemed hotel since we arrived the previous public, but that their own criticism coast between Bergen and Narvik. 1
Thursday. may be informed. Hence the de- was also informed with
It was a thin, unbelievably short. It was reported, though I am up-to happen.usands of persons |
Tens of mund for occasional secret ressions. assurance that the German army able to confirm this, that the cruiser At a secret session it is expected that chicfa strongly opposed Hitler on the Bluecher also was sunk by gunfire clustered in the streets and on the column. It required only six or information will be imparted to plan to invade Norway, because they from the Narrows fort called Oskar- pavements, walling, utterly baffled. seven minutes to march past. Members for their own use so that insisted that the communication lince
We all asked where the British were composed only of two incomplete they can more effectively discharge, for an army of occupation in Norway In any case the crews of all the but, also, where were the Germans? battalions surely less than 1,500 their critical duties.
would be most dangerously limited other war ships were ashore without Meanwhile I had a great baille to men in all. Parliament is playing a democratic | and exursed.
Norway's capital of nearly 300.000 arms at Horten; by daybreak the get the Telegraph Office to accept role effectively, but not in the least The Nazi party's Radical leaders Germans had janded marinca
Inhabitants was being occupied by a and despatch without a special Govern- in the usual Parliamentary way, or imported the Fuehrer in a decision seized Horten.
through ment Press cant At nine o'clock German force of approximately 1,500 according to the tradition. Is it taken aainst the counsel of the the Narrows was open and Oslo was in the morning Stevens and I could men
The Inst of the German troops defenceless from the sea, find no responsible chief of his post went hy without a single jeer or possible that a House of Commons recular army chiefs, which can so change its procedure in On Friday night, April-0, while the I talked to another Norwegian who in the telegraph building, only groups hiss, without a single tear noticeable this war may evolve a new technique German fient and transports were was one of the Horten naval base of perplexed employees alanding
on any Norwegian free, Tikė child- which in time may fundamentally 'ready steaming towards Norway, on personnel that night. He confirmed about in the corridors those few modify the party system?
event of enormous historical import all the main details of the above who had reported for work. It was PLEASE Turn To Page: 5.
It is extremely active, although the form of its activity is not that to which politicians are accustomed. Criticism is ceaseless, but in the main it is the criticism of individuals listening to the voice of the man-in- the-street rather than that of political party. It is heard just as often from Conservative members as from the Opposition.
A
The House of Commons has become a sort of watchi-dog for the public, ceaselessly reminding an Executive to reckon with public that it has
most
and, controlled from Drobak. About of the lordnued all day)
mines were all
all rendered harmless by hensible events
At
three
the
opinion and must march in step with authority that sea forces completely helpless, but the of their mark.
wor vessels there all of which were inexplicably wide moment.
it.
Impressive
borg.
The way
It was