PAGE 4.—HONGKONG TELEGRAPH.
Sir Nevile Henderson
INSTALMENT
After "friendship talks comes disillusion
You have read how
Sir Nevile British Ambassador, en Berlin up to the outbreak of war-renewed his effort
arrange a friendly
to
visit to Britain by the German Foreign
Minister ..
And how Hitler coully rebuffed the proposal. Then-
MR. CHAMBERLAIN
made a second attempt
in the course of the year 1937 to break the ice of bad rela- tions with the Nazi Govern- ment.
Arrangements had been made by General Goering, as Game Warden of The Reich, to hold a great hunting exhi- bition at Berlin in November. When I arrived at my post in May. I found that almost every European country was to be represented at this ex- hibition, except Great Britain.
It seemed to me unfortun- ate that we should not partici- pute. I consequently appealed to the Foreign Office for help in securing contribution
A
from H.M. Government, even at that late hour, for this pur- pose.
Thanks to their good offices a small sum was forthcoming, and a highly satisfactory col- lection was arranged.
Secret behind Halifax visit
It is perhaps not out of place to mention here that in the final ad- judication Poland received the first -prize-for-the- European-sectian,-and- Brilain the first prize for its over- sens collection.
But the exhibition chielly merits mention in this record owing to the fact tant I furnished Lord Halifax, at that time Lord Preal- dent of the Counell, wth the mp- portunity for a visit to Berlin,
It is true that In accordance with diplomatic tradition, albeit also in order to avoid exelting exaggerated hopes in some quarters and appre- benston in others, the vlkit was described as entirely private and unofficial, and the Lord President's status as a Master of Foxhounds was accordingly carefully stressed.
But the fact remained' that I was designed by Mr. Chamber- Iain to eriabilsh that personal
between contact
♫ prominent British statesman and the Nazi leaders which Hitler was believed to seek, and which, it was hoped, might lead to a better under- standing.
As such and taken by itself, it was entirely successful and, ind better understanding been possi- ble or really wanted by Hlller, the visit would have largely contri- buted to I.
Goebbels behaved well
Lord Halifax lunched on arrival with
Baron and Baroness Von Neurath, who were old acquaint- ances, and spent his first after- noon visiting the Exhibition of which, indeed, he was in German eyes one of the principal exhibits.
His passage through the dense throngs of people was certainly greeted by the public with evident sympathy and pleasure.
He pald It a second visit on the next day, and In the evening he went by train to Berchtesgaden, where he had a long conversation with litler.
Ic returned to Berlin on the morning of the 20th and lunched with Cieneral Guering at Karin- hall. That evening I gave a big dinner party at Iis Majesty's Em bnasy at which he met most of the other lending Nazi Ministers and personalities.
On the following day (Sunday), Dr. Goebbels nad his wife came to
GERMAN
ARMS:MY
SECRET
WARNING
Lord Halifax at the Berlin hunting exhibi- tion. "In German eyes he was one of the principal exhibits."
at the Embassy. While my teu sister, Lady Leitrim and Lady Alexandria Metcalfe, who were staying with me at the time, enter- tained Frau Goebbels, I acted as interpreter between Lord Halifax and Dr. Goebbels.
The subject of their conversation was the Press of our two countries. and for a while thereafter there was less friction in this respect.
Nor can I refrain from observing that the reasonableness and logic, which Dr. Goebbels always dis-
His professiona cost him nothing and were a va- luable part of
İLEN stock in trade for delud- Ing the German people, who, in the mass, really did want lo, be friends with the English.
Was
the patter of the conjurer intend- ed to mislend his audience and distract their at- tention,
sti
"The German army and air force were super-toys, and Hitler was determined to find... or make an occasion for proving what a formidable super-toy makor he was."
the whole German nailon which is being prepared for war."
In the Hght of that paragraph written in the course of the first week of January, 1938, it seems ing that one should have
to preserve at the time any shred of optimism.
It was, however, still possible to conceive that Hiller was acting solely on the principle for war."
"Wild Men" wanted action
I never hnd a shadow of doubt that his aims were the incorpora- tion of Austria, the Sudetenlande, Memci and Danzig. His claims in these respects were based on the
principle of self-determination, and . a negotiated settlement in regard to them should not therefore, have been impossible.
Even
ture, of which the Wagnerian lelt- motifs were the disciplined tramp of armed men, ever louder and more multitudinous, and the cease- less clank of heavy machinery forging guns and yet bigger guns, tanka and ever heavler tanks, bombers und still more powerful and destructive bombers.
It was a sombre introduction to the four-act tragedy which was to follow.
[Copyright. Reproduction in whole or in part strictly prohibited.]
TO-MORROW
One of the most sensa-
tional episodes in Sir Nevile's narrative.
He tells the story behind Field-Marshal Blomberg's
Hitler's emotion over dead surprising marriage, and of Hitler's "brainstorm" that followed it.
Germans in connection with the Hindenburg and Deutschland dis- asters encouraged the illusion that he might recoll from a war in which such misfortunes would be mugnified a hundred thousand
fold.
Time, which alone could do so, hos proved the falsity of these hopes. Hitler and his wild men were not to be satisfied by a mere of force to achieve their
If one makes a toy, the wish to play with it becomes Irresistible. And the German army and air force were super-toys, and Hitler was determined to find or, if he could not find, to make an occasion for proving, regardless of the cost
And, Indeed,
display up to March 15, ends. 1939, however prepared one might be for the worst,
it Was possible to hope that Hitler might be sincere; that he meant even approximately what he said; that he would, in fact, be satlafted once the unity of Great Germany was consummated; that all wanted was Germans; and that once he had got the Austrian and Sude- ten sheep into the German fold, he would leave other nations alone and content himself with peaceful occupations and puraults.
Provided one is prepared for the worst, one ean and must always hope for the best, until the worst happens.
play in private, seemed to make, Air Force:
in spite of his reputation, quite u good impression upon Lord' Halt tax.
The Lord President left that > London. evening for
His time durlug his five days' visit to Ger- pany had been fully occupied, and the general effect was up to a point undoubtedly good.
Hitler cannot but have been--- and in fact, so I heard, was-im- pressed by the obvious sincerity, high principles and straightfor- ward honesty of a man like Lord, Halifax.
The general German public re- Arded the visit
as a proof of British goodwill towards Germany and were clearly appreciative. Nevertheless, the offelal German tendency was to sit back and wait. As Goering.sald to, me after the "Does the Prime Minister visit, really mean business, and will he be able to impose his will upon those circles in England which seek to negative everything which Is Nazi, or which is not run on the old lines of the League of Nations, French encirclement, collective security, and Russia as the coun- terpolse to Germany in Europe?"
That was the orthodox view in Germany at that time of British policy, but the fact was that, in spite of all his professions of a desire for on understanding with Britain, ifitler was himself in no hurry.
He was astute enough to realise that he had first to cross the Aus- trian and other brooks. Ile was not prepared to merifice his Cen- tral European ambitions to that understanding.
Good relations with England only meant, for him, the acquies cence of England in his schemes for tie redrawing of the Central European map.
Alarming signs
Peace was my goal, and I could not honestly work for it if I acted
to Germany and to the world, what. a formidable super-toy maker he WOS.
over
cor-
As for Hitler's emotion dead Germans, it was undoubtedly sincere at the moment that he ex-
fuct, pressed it, and, in responded with a certain senti- mental streak in his character.
But it was a sypieni streak of his two-sided nature, which he could assume or discard at will,
It was the amo with his indiy nation over oppressed Germans in other countries (not over those ve it noted in the concentration camps in his own country).
So long us good relations with Poland were necessary to his policy, he evinced no sympathy for the German minority in that coun- try.
on the assumption that, whatever German
occurred or whatever one did, the end would always and Inevitably be the worst.
My job was not to prophesy the worst, but to do my utmost to pre- vent t
happening.
In the annual report on Ger- many, which I wrote for the year 1937, one passage ran as follows:
"The rearmament of Germany, if it has been less longer nowa las been pushed on with the same energy as in previous years.
"In the army, consolidation has been
the order of the day, but there is clear evidence that a con- siderable increase is being pre- pared in the number of divisions and of additional tank units out- side those divisions.
lives
will be sacrificed
In order to ensure Italy's good- will, he proved that he was quite ready to sacrifice the Germans in the South Tyrol, though possibly with the Idea of sending them back ogain there later.
Since the war began he has authorised the Infliction of unfold hardships on the Baltic Germans, simply in order to oll the wheels of his present Russlan polley.
That marriage had big repercussions in European history. Sir Nevile will. tell you why."
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On the other hand, when senti- mentality served his immediate Cawnpore
Nazis as in the case of the pro-
Czecho-Slovakia The air force continues to cx- pand at an alarming rate, and one can at present see no indication of
be
n hall. We may well soon faced with a strength of between 4,000 and 5,000 first-line airerati,
"The power of the German Air has been still further in- Force creased by the intensive develop- ment of air defence, which has reached a degree of effelency pro-. bably unknown in any other coun-
try.
"Even
the navy, though weil within the 35 per cent. proportion In training a personnel consider- ably above the requirements of that standard,
"Finally, the mobilisation of the civilian population and industry for war, by means of education, propaganda, training and admini. strative mensures, has made · fur- ther strides.
"Military efelency is the god to whom everyone must offer sacrifice. It is not an army but
In Austria, the Sudeten in or the Gorman minority in Poland, he was able equally easily to work himself up a frenzy on their behalf. Into
As with the oppressed, so it was with dead Germans.
He
had publicly announced that he reckoned on heavy
German Jonses there was war with Po- land. Yet that did not deter him
from conceiving and carrying out his Polish campaign,
Similarly, there can, I think, be little doubt that he will macri-
tremor countless fice without a thousands of lives on the Western Front it he believes that by 50 doing he will succeed in glorify- ing himself and in mabtaining his own position and that of his party in Germany,
I have alluded to my mission to Berlin us a Drama. The year 1937 constituled its orchestral
over-
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