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Wednesday, April 24, 1940.
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PANDIT NEIKU
"A man who has been bruisca and battered." PANDIT JAWAHARLAL NEHRU Fifty years old, educated at Har- row, and Oxford, a former Prest. dent of All-India Congress Party.
Last month the 600 delegates_of_the_All-India Congress Committeo met to consider the British Govern- mont's attitude to a recent declaration by Congress, which said:
"The Congress Working Committee invites the British Government to declare unequivocally their war aims regarding democracy and imperialism and the es- tablishment of a new world order, and how these aims will be applied to India now, and whether they include the elimination of imperialism and the treatment of India as a free, nation whose policy is guided by her own people."'
The Committee meets noar Gandhi's home so that he may be consulted.
In this cable to the London News Chronicle, PAN- DIT JAWAHARLAL NEHRU, former President of the All-India Congress Party, explains India's attitude to the war and her desire for a clear statement of our war and peace aims.
J
India, he says, will join in the fight to and Hitler- ism, but before that
INDIA MUST BE
FREE
prosecution of war on India's be- half.
now Chairman of the Congress Imperialist order and to India. War Emergency Committee and India can take no part in defend- President of the State People's ing Imperialism, but she will Conference. He has been in join in the struggle for freedom.
are India's resources prison seven times. In 1936 he was released to visit his wife on but oven of greater value is her present Constitution itself has support. Autocratic and ordin- She too, and good will and her moral sup- been imposed upon us and has ance rulo. will allenate public. his father and mother, had been port for a worthy cause. This kept alive hostility. This cannot sympathy and lead to conflict.
India wants to forget the past in prison for their fight for Indian is no small offer that India go by vague
half-hearted measures which of conflict, and stretch out her independence.
makes, for it means the ending
Then only is it possible to create the psychological condi- vaat, must be borne in mind. Our tions which can lead to popular
her death-bed.
TH
assurances and
of a hundred years of hostility will fail of their purpose, hand in comradeship. But she
This historic opportunity must can do so only as a free nation
HE spell of violence between India and England, a
and inhuman war- great turning point in world be seized by recognising India on terms of equality. She must fare holds Europe history and a real beginning of as a free nation with rights to be convinced that the past is draw up her Constitution and over and that we are all striv- her Charter of Independence. ing for a new order not only in Anything short of that will menu Europe but in Asia and the
world.
sador o provisions of the Telecommuni- and threatens the fabric of the new order we fight for.
cations
19. Such s
bears the Indication U received in civilisation all
Hongkong on the date of publication by
over the
the United Press Association, or world. Behind the clash of
serve all rights and fotbiq republication,
either wholly or in part without previous
arrangenteni
Germany and Her Youth
The Germans are always on the look out for spicy bits about the failures of the British educational
system and the troubles into which
evacuation landed the Home country,
arms there is a deeper clash
ONLY a free and equal losing this opportunity and keep
India can co-operate of ing alive the spirit of friction
that vital change is made none England. It will mean that not
of ideas and aims, and the her free will in this task. Till and hostility between India and
future of the world hangs in the balance.
HER invitation to the British Government is
of us have the power to make only we in India but others will the people of India enthusiastic doubt the sincerity of the war on behalf of all those in the History is being made not
for a war which is not theirs. A and peace aims and there will world who believe in Pence, Free- only on the battlefields but in popular war must have popular be a divergence between what is dom and Democracy. It will be the minds of men, and the vital
a tragedy for all of us if the deep Their papers and wireless make great question for all of us is whether support, and the people must professed and what is done,
The first step must therefore significance of this. play with the small regard that our that history is going to be An imposed war will inevitably be a declaration of India's full not appreciated and a full re- gesture is "plutocracy" is supposed to give to different from that of past ages be resented and will rouse public freedom. This has to be follow sponse. not made to it. Such its future citizens. That is certainly not one of the Nazi defects, and the and whether this terrible war feeling against it.
ed by its application' now, in so response will hearten people all' seen much will make an essential difference
last few weeks have
realise what it means to them..
The whole background
publicity given to the new develop-to human freedom and end the génerations of conflict
aliled organisations. The regiment-
of far as possible, in order to give over the world, and will be a and the people effective control of greater blow to Nazism
ments in the Hiller Youth and its very causes of war and human struggle for freedom in India the governance of Indin and the victory on the battlefield. ing of the children is now extra degradation.
vidinarily thorough; "from now on,"
TO India with her thirst
for freedom and horror
it is declared, "no German boy or girl will stand aside, the whole of youth will be in the service of the Fuhrer," _All_over Germany-there-te of war and violence_this_ques- going on the enrolment of the ten- year-olds. The new entrants were admitted at a great festival evening
than
OUTPOSTS OF EMPIRE
【ORE than ̄one or even two-can!
tion is of paramount importance. M play at the present game of
She has reacted strongly against
to
Power politics, and the anxiety of the this week, a sort of initiation cere-the philosophy and methods of Axts partners to seize every available strategical point has been countered mony like that of primitive society. Fascism and Nazi aggression and by Britain's determination In the last few weeks the brightest brutality, and has seen in them sirengthen its many Islands and naval of little boys of ten to fourteen have the negation of all she stands Adolf Hitler Schools, a preliminary for. World peace for her means a sifting of chosen tenders. And all Freedom and Democracy and the children of fourteen, including those ending of the domination of one who have not hitherto Joined, are tonation over another.
been sitting for examinations for the
were
enrolled, but service
now
bases scattered in the Mediterranean
the
to the
ByCaptain P.K. Howard
becomes in effect compulsory. The and the brutal Nazi invasion of which is represion of "three new way to Karachi, Colombo, or Bombay, monwealth will be Port Darwin,
mount
and the town was at one time the headquarters of the Admiral Com- manding on the East Indian Station, and had a military garrison. Britain's decision to make it a great fort, which will guard the route to the Far East will undoubtedly help to bring pros-- and the Far East. These would play Dodecanese, these having the object fortresses, already in
perity to the port,
Further cast still we come to those defence of the of smashing the Suez roule and troop some being built, which bar the way existence and vital part in
movements from the East. Empire.
That the British defence appio-
to Australia and the Pacific. The priations in these spheres have im- on the route to Indin and Australla is to the conclusion that at all costs no The next important stopping place Commonwealth Government has come pressed Italy, in particular since she Aden, which is sometimes known as hostile Power must set foot on be comprised in the active ranks of
would be more likely to find herself the "Gibraltar of the East. Perhaps PHILIP CHAN
on New the Hitler Youth and assume its
F. C. So India condemned aggres up against their offensive strength, la
Pr the most remarkable thing about this Guinea, and so Port
Port Moresby Press comment.
is being duties. The number of At children sion in Manchuria, Abyssinia, evident in
great fort is that it is bulit Inside the defended and cruisers and destroyers. minence has been given to the decl-crater of a volcano, and every India- will use it as a base, while the Au- excluded has -been
is Czecho-Slovakia, and was deeply sion to strengthen the naval basca of bound vessel, King's ship, or cargo tralian Royal Air Force will patrol small-it claimed that last year 88 per cent distressed at the events in Spain Singapore, Trincomalee, and Aden.boat, tanker, tramp, or stately lines work for the protection of the Com~
the the surrounding seas. The most vital as being tanta-must pass its red-brown rocks on the Gibraltars" In the Indian Ocean, and our possession of Aden, together which is being fortified, and this loo Because of the paramount strate:- with the ownership of the Suez Canal will be a naval and Air Force base, route to the Empire much is being eat sea-route to the Far East. This An Impregnable Guipost cal importance of the Mediterraneon gives the Empire control of the short- done to make our position secure, also means, and the Italians are fully If this kind of peace is the Everybody knows the tremendous aware of lf, that in case of war they!
value of Malta the British
Port Darwin will be closely linked would be cut off from Abyssinia from to Singapore, the "crossroads of the obvious nut four duty wait us the objective, then the Allies Warna a fortress guarding the Imperial Would he cut off from Abyssinia
East," and the Empire's impregnable - the forces of the people, and to leave and Peace Aims must be clearly route to the although Italy
outpost protecting the sea route from claims it as its "natural" possession, & A Natural Stronghold the Indian Ocean Into the Pacifle.. defined, and action to-day must not uncommon habit with
k
Military authorities are convinced. Aden is the only fortifed point be- that Singapore could never be midable in this regular progression conform to them. Not to do so other people's things on the part
the Duce. Ho would And it somewhat
cap tween Egypt and Bombay, and is tured by assault from the sea. from corps to torps. It means that or to hesitate is to demonstrate dimcult to appropriate, for since last really an outpost of the Indian
Where, less than twelve years back, the Nazi State has in its hands the that there are no clear aims, and tremendously increased; Its air pro-a couple of years back. It is a great swamp and jungle, is now a great
its defencen have September
en Empire, of which it formed part until was a
huge area of unreclaimed. boys and girls of the nation from what is said vaguely is not
defences are almost completed, enter the conscription classes. Even
The other day the Governomphed strategical establishments of the Royal 50,000-ton Boating dock so
Air Force. As mentioned although it dock capable of handling the largest the youngest of them receive nome the apprehensions, of all who can say with complete confidence has been already heavily fortified, battleship afloat. Not far off is the sort of war dulles, if it be only in have learnt from bitter experi fidently that in a very short lime the Government are taking no chances, nothing more than the insignificant that Malia is safe, and equally con- and is practically impregnable, the Royal Air Force base, which was ARP. work or in the collection of ence that wars overwhelm ideals will be so strong that attacking her and it is being even more formidably fishing village of Seletar a few years waste materials. In their carly teens they give valuable practical and result in imperialism, fight- would be an undertaking of the ut-defended.
ngo. Something like £12,000,000 has Nature has done much for Adon, been spent on making this enormous service in agriculture. Through alling for mastery and entrench-most danger."
|Cyprus Comes Into Its Own for it surrounded by precipitous naval and Air Force base, really an there runs the spirit of discipline anding themselves.
rocks forming an admirable natural istand
square- "leadership." Thus the Hitler Youth
reason, as explained by the Hitler Poland. India will therefore Youth leader in a recent interview, gladly throw in her resources Is that "it is the will of the Fuhrer for a new order of peace and that the whole of youth shall pass freedom. through the training school of the Party, since to-day in is
nothing undone for the future."
There is something extremely for-
their middle school years until they I meant seriously. It is to justify for has been doublet: and the in-naval coaling port, and one of the naval base, umong its assets being a
is now suffering from the departure
of most of its leaders to the, Army
but their places are taken from be-
low. In the ten to fourteen class
way. we
the
principle"
mocracy and self-
graving
Lying in the castern half of the defence, and it is extremely difficult miles covering about 200 Mediterranean is an laland which has to attack from the desert side. Enc- Finally one comes to the most re- IF this war is for De-Frown of
This is Cyprus, which for some years Arabs and Turks did manage to pene-kong, one of the most important was disparagingly dubbed the Cin-trate the city, and they secupled a stations for the defence of the Pacile. leaders are to be drawn from older determination and against Nazi derella of British coloniex With village close by. They were driven Practically the whole of the navies boys of fifteen to soventeen, in this
Alexandria it forms an indispensable out again after a few days,
of Britain, Japan, and the United are told, fulfilling the aggression it cannot be for link in our chain of bases to India kely to hear more, for it is to be hrbour, really a' serles of
One historic town about which we | States could swing in its cus Fuhrer's "revolutionary
pre that youth must be led by youth, anexations, indemnitics, or re- and the East. The Immediate end of all this is the parations, for keeping Colonial hub of the Axis alr-naval strategy, importance, is Trincomalee, on the
Not very far distant from it is the restored to something of its former havens covering ten square miles.
Plans announced two years back Army... and there have been many comments in the German papers on peoples in subjection and for the group of Islands known as the north-east coast of Ceylon. Its his involved the spending of 20,000,000 how valuable the pre-military train-maintaining the Imperialist Dodecaneae, which the Italians are tory goes back into the mists of anti- on the defences of the island. These
for it was one of the ing in the Hitler Youth has been to system.
first re
are being kept sec. but
secret, strongly fortifying, although up till a quily,
Tomli settlements an the Island, clude the bullding. of new forte, and the new soldiers. It is claimed that
few years back they had been #t saver four to six months in the For this urgent reason Con- Turkish hands for centuries, and the Trincomalee has one of the most a very large increase in the anti-air- summit of training of an Infantryman. These gress has Invited the British population is almost entirely Greek. magnificent harbours in the world, in craft defences. From the things cannot bo over-estimated Government to state its war and Cyprus is being fortified, and it would which can swing the largest vessels the island a splendid military high- when we attempt to assess the Ger-
be the base from which the Mediter afloat. It is acknowledged to be way, 22 miles long, encircling, Hong- man temper and the will to continue
peace aims clearly, and parti- rancan Fleet and the Air Force would among the half-dozen fineat natural kong, can be traced. Along the cliffs. the war.
cularly how those apply to the intercept Italian sallies, from the harbours on the face of the globe, are batteries of frowning guns.
they in