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THE
TWO words, apoken care- lessly in private to ono thought was a sympathetic friend, doomed me to seven
months of Nazi terror.
They cost mo my
40 pounds in weight, and the right ever again to set foot in my native
Why not land.
try one to-day
VAUXHALL
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The
Hongkong Telegraph.
Monday, April 22, 1940. Wyndham St., Hongkong
Telephone: 20015
THE prefix "spects, to the Telegraph" Is used by the Hongkong Telegraph to Indicate news which is strictly copyright under the provisions of the Telecommuni- estions Drainance, 1930. Such news AS bears the indication "U" is received in Hongkong on the date of publication by the United Press Associations, who re- servo all rights and forbid republication. elther wholly or in part without previous arrangemsh..
Truth About 1918
HITLER, Goebbels, and their crew have so often asserted that the German Army was not defeated in 1918 that it is
possible they may have come to believe their own story. Certain-
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German people believe it, for they are not allowed to hear any- thing else.
nerve,
sym-
White vialling my wife's sister in Coblenz, I met an elderly woman who clicked her tongue pathetically when she heard that my wife and I planned to begin life over again in America. I had made good money as a radio singer but recently the Goebbels
pro- paganda office hind refused me an actor's permit one of my grand- parents was so lacking in foresight 75 years ago as to marry a Jew.
"It's too bad," sighed my sister- in-low's caller, "that you lost your job. You sang nicely-nothing but good German songs." She glanced at the wall, then pointed with a half-smile to a photograph of Hit- Jer with Julius Streicher, Ger- meny's most fanatical Jew-balter. "That setor!" I exclaimed blt- terly. That was all,
✩ ✩ ✩
SIX days later and 400 miles away, in our home in Munich, my wife and I were awakened very early in the morning by insistent pound- ing on the door..
I opened it, and there stood two plain-clothes men.
"Get dressed and come with us," they barked,
"Why?"
"None of your business!"
I tried to reassure my wife, tell- ing her I'd be back in an hour or But that's the last 1 saw of UO. her for seven months..
: At headquarters' I discovered that the old woman who seemed so sorry for me was what we called a "200-percent Nazl.” She had felt it her duty to tell the secret political police about my sneering remark.
of
During the next ten days I saw
four the cheerless inside of Munich's Awarming jails, prisons where cells meant for seven held 20. One day I voiced to my cell- mates the question that was con- stantly in my mind: when would I be brought to trial?
But that is no reason why the truth should not be told time and again, for the benefit of the British-people-and-the-British--was unemployed-for-a-year-until-
[Army, a very large number of whom were not alive in that memorable year.
"It seems to me a pity," writes Major-General Sir John David- son, "that the British Army of to-day should not be told of what their fathers and kinsmen did 22 years ago."
Sir John then tells in detail what happened from the begin- ning of August till November, when, in a succession of great attacks, they drove the Germans northward.
The sum of his account is that the morale of the German Army was completely broken, and in the early days of November its rotreat was turned into a dis- organised rout.
It had lost to the Allies, from August to November, nearly |400,000 prisoners, and over 6,000 guns. There is no parallel, he says, for such a defeat on such a scale, and so complete, in the whole of military history.
If Germany wishes to boast, she can boast of sustaining a record defeat, and no words of her professional lara can distort that fact.
The "invincibility" of the German Army, of which Hitler [makes so much in his speeches, is nothing but an empty boast of a lying bully.
"Trial}" repealed one man who looked like a ghost. "I've been here two years waiting for trial.
I was enrolled in a labour bat- tallon. Then they said they found communist newspaper in my kit and sent me here. But I never saw that paper. I never had it, I tell you!
Two years here without trial"
We had to sit on him. He was making too much noise.
✩ ✩ ✡
ANOTHER prisoner wore the black breeches of the Schutzstaffel, the most Nazi
of Nazi units.
He had been a guard at Dachau, the dread concentration camp out- side Munich.
Those who were released from there were broken men with terror in their eyes, pledged on pain of further Imprisonment not to tell their experiences, ;
The boy in the black breeches was in the Munich jail for two years because he gave two cigar- elten to a Dachau prisoner.
On the 11th day guards herded a dozen of us into a windowless omnibus. Where were we going? Perhaps to trial?. Each prisoner was locked in a tiny cell barely large enough in Which to sit. Suis in the side gave ventilation and a chance to peep aut About an hour from the city I saw a road. sign flash by. Dachaut
The camp is surrounded by a high wall, studded with machine- gun towers. Within the wall is n
charged heavy wire fence
with high-voltage electricity. Behind that are two wooden fences, the space between them being so-called neutral ground; to be seen there means death by a. stream of machine-gun bullets.
Behind these escape-proof barri- endes are barracks ·Todging more than 3,000 political prisoners whose ages range from 19 to 70-Com- munists, Socialists, Jews, prients and back-alld Nazis. Segregated into companies of about 100 men, they are guarded. by hard-bolted, 200-percent Nazis, mostly between
:
April 22, 1940.
NAZIS GOT
GOT ME
NAZIS
A grim story of six months in a
German concentration camp
10 and 20 years old-young enough to have grown up in the cause. They are armed with guna and bayonets, but their real weapons nre kleks.
I was assigned to a company of the most dismal, unhappy men I had ever been. They had been lawyers, doctors, former officials- men of education and among Ger- many's best. Now, depressed and silent, without hope, they were walking dead, men without souls.
"How long have you been here?" I asked one of them. The man looked at me with expressionless eyes and turned away. I spoke to another. Again the expressionless eyes and he, too, turned away with- out a word.
A third brushing by me mul- tered, "Watch yourself, boy! Talk- ing now means trouble and plenty of it. I'll see you later."
*
☆
*
THAT was my welcome by my new comrades.
Before long I, too, shunned new- comers, suspicious that they might be stool pigeons. Most of us had. landed in Duchad" because a care- less remark, like mine, was IC- peated,
The man who warned me not to talk was assigned to show me how to arrange my bedding and locker.
"Do everything exactly as you're told," he advised. "If you don't they'll put you in the darkroom- solitary confinement; bread and water, in a room with no light, no hent and a guard with a big whip,” a.rn. Our day began at five Breakfast consisted of one cup of
"coffee" and a little black bread. AL 5:30 came roll call and assign- ment of the day's work. Invariably one of the three Jewish companies was detailed to clean the camp latrines. A prisoner whose work did not please a guard might be kicked into one of the open privies.
Strange things, those Aryan laws; my one Jewish grandparent prevented nie from carning my living in Germany na an Aryan, bat, having only ono quarter Jewish blood, I did not have to clean camp latrines.
The prisoners marched off to work at six-usually to sind knee- deep in mud clearing swamps, or to back-breaking labour on rock plica. It made no difference whether a political prisoner was 10 or 70; if the camp doctor found him capable of hard-labour, he was put at it. Sometimes the older men dropped in their tracks, They were carried back to camp and we saw them no more.
*
FIFTEEN armed guards watched each company.
If I didn't move fast enough to sull them a guard would go behind me, deliver a spine-rocking kick and roar "Marsch! Marsch!" And I marched. low often
this did happen? So many times I can't remember. Had I been once, it would have been a vivid memory, but I got used to it, and used to seeing others get the boot.
At noon we returned to camp for lunch, Watery vegetablo stew and black bread. We heard that meat was in the stew. I never saw any.
to speak freely. We rarely knew the full names of our fellow pri- soners. It was not healthy to know them, or too much about anything that went on at Dachau. Men who seemed to know much were taken ́nway-where or for what we never learned. Spirits crushed, living in constant dread, preyed upon by unknown fears, we hadn't much desire to talk.
✩
*
FREE for two hours! For what? Tobacco, books and magazines were forbidden.
We had only Hitler's Volkischer Beobachter to read, the most pro paganda-ridden of all Nazi house
organs.
Once a month we were given
one sheet of notepaper on which to write a closely supervised Jetter home. Once a month a censored letter was allowed in from outside, Long black streaks on my wife's letters blotted out reports of what our familles were doing to get mo out of camp. For six months I never knew whether I had been condemned without trial, or how long I was to remain prisoner.
The unknown preyed upon my morale as it did upon the others'. Here were 3,000 men, possessing some of the best Independent minds in Germany. Everything that might occupy those minds was enleu- latingly withheld, We were treated like dumb, driven eattle; and to be broken to dumb, driven cattle's spirit and reactions was what we were there for. Dachau meant mental death. What ambition we had left was fixed upon one object: to be on our best behaviour in the hope of being released earlier.
were
And so, at seven, to bed. Ten hours in bed may sound like luxury. In reality they torture for most of us couldn't sleep. Night after night we lay in the dark thinking, whispering our hopes and fears to each other. The wildest rumours swept through the barracks. Goering had committed suicide; Hitler was assassinated and we would be set at liberty next Saturday!
Some tortured souls managed to dle by thelr own hands. Onc
TELLING
THE
prisoner on kitchen detail secreted
a plece of tin, slashed his wrista and bled quietly and happily to death in his bunk. Others knotted a few rags together, went out to the latrines and hung themselves in the dark.
*
*
☆
THUS six months dragged·· by, day slowly following day," with the same brutal routine, until the time when I was led from the barracks to tho windowless omnibus that had brought me from Munich.
I was given nelther reason nor destination and still no word about a trial. Finally a trata took me to Coblenz where, after a month of solitary confinement, I was taken: into court,
My grievous crime against the German people was unfolded be- fere three judges by the State's Altorney and confirmed by the old women who called upon my sluter-- In-law that afternoon ages before. One of the courtroom doors was wifel ajor, and there stood my
They wouldn'à let her como in, but during the 45 min■ics my lawyer addressed the court wo looked at each other, ska tense- and drawn and X a mental wreck
of 55 pounds..
The judges found me guilty and sentenced me to four months im- prisonment, to be deducted from. the time served while awaiting trial,
I was free! But before being re- lensed I had to sign a pledge: "Whatever I have seca in a con- · centration camp or a prison I shall keep secret from the outside world. Violation of this pledge will be punished by imprisonment in a Reich penitentiary."
My wife and I moved to Bremen In order to lose no time after get- ting our passports for America.
Finally they were issued, on con- dition that I never seek to re-enter Germany.
☆
EVEN now when my wife and I are with friends in a restaurant, I am jumpy when anything is said about Nazi Germany and I lower my voice lest I be overheard.
I cannot yet realize that I am. In a country where I may say what I please.
GERMANY TRUTH
Extracts from a talk in a recent B.B.C. broadcast to Germany by The Rt.
Hon. C. R. Attlee, M.P.
E in Britain believe in freedom. We refuse to make a god
WE
of
any man.
One of the rights which we hold dear is that of saying just what we please about our Government. Would not you like to do the same?
Would not you like to be able to say openly what you think about Hitler, Goering and Goebbels, just as the British worker can about Chamberlain, Simon and the rest? It would be good! for Hitler,
Our Government know what the people are thinking and has to pay regard to it. Weck by week in the House of Com- mons the Ministers have to submit to be questioned by the:
The poorest person in the land can have his grievance brought forward in public. Hitler does not know what you think. Dictators only know what their servants: 'tell them.
Half an hour later came inspec-workers' representatives. tion. The slightest disarray usual- ly meant a day or two in the "dark- room,"
That Was our universal fear. Men who came back from it did not talk, but upon their bare backs I saw welts caused by learning National Socialism from a whip. Ignorance of what happened there gave solitary confinement an even greater dread,
Afternoons until four were de- voted to "exercise in the Prussian manner." Companies marched or half-trotted over the exercise Platz, and at the command "Down"! every man fell forward on his face." Up and over again. "Marsch! Marach!"
British workers have long ago seen through all the catch- words about the glory of war and the destiny of particular races. to rule because of their superiority. They have no belief in im- perialism and the domination by one nation over others,
We have worked steadily and successfully to extend to all' peoples in the British Empire the same freedom which we enjoy ourselves. We know that the conquest of other peoples does not benefit the workers. You know it too. If Hitler becomes the master of Europe, it will only add more millions to those who are under the rule of the Gestapo. Wherever there is dictatorship there is always police rule, terrorism and espionage.
•
We of the Labour Party have put forward our penco sime. We want to see a world where all peoples enjoy freedom and
During this pasiime came long-co-operate together for the common good. We are asking nothing from other peoples that we are not ourselves prepared to con-
intervals not for rest but for in- struction, while standing in rigid formation, In the virtues of National Socialism and how to behave in the Third Reich.
Al four we were back in the bar- racks for supper: black bread and vegetable stew. At Ave came a free hour out of doors, followed by an- other inside. For two hours a day we could talk. But conversation was cautious. Weeks passed before occupants of neighbouring bunks and I had suffelent mutual confidence
Germany can have peace now on honourable terms, which I am sure would meet all that any German, working man or woman. wants, but your Government does not let you know this..
Your Government knows that it cannot win this war, but it: dares not tell you the truth. It has already surrendered in the: Enst to the U.S.S.R.
•
灞
Despite all the power of the Nazi Party and the Gestapo, you,. the people of Germany, can, if you will, stop your boya being slaughtered.
We want to see Germany free and joining with free nations to build a new world built on the foundations of social justice.