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125 Days Of War
WE look back to-day upon 125 days of war. They have given us
grim
The most significant statement in this article last month was made by Signor Muti, new Secretary of the Fascist Party-Italy may at any moment find herself under the necessity of taking up arms.”
The famous Signor Gayda, who voices the opinion of authoritative Italy, explains where his country stands to-day.
IX months have elapsed since the outbreak of the war, and many people are asking, "What does Italy think?"
WHAT
The thought and attitude of Italy are con- sidered important, in fact, decisive, because she is the greatest European nation who to-day is not participating in the war and because her known policy, openly declared by Mussolini, has not put her definitely outside the war.
By
Italy, first of all, has found that the new war promisca to be very long, uncertain, terribly costly and exhausting. It ap pears, therefore, to more than one Italian to be a useless war. All forecasts regarding the war have been denied by facts.
The explosion of mass im- placable and destructive air ag- gression which was expected has not materialised. Neither party wish to be the first to begin it to avoid reprisals. The very
"The present dreadfulness of air war has, in
position (in the fact, prevented its outbreak.
Both sides have hesitated to Mediterranean } start a war of movement and does not coin resolute assault in the Napole-
cide with a just onic and even the Prussian
European Dr. tradition.
It is not the presence of the der." two opposing lines of defence, the Maginot and Siegfried Lines, formidable as they are, which
has discouraged this initiative. It is rather a different calcula- tion as to the method of war to be desired.
Allies'. Plan
ITALY
PLANS
Signor Gayda
SPAIN
CIBRALTARING
ERANCE
FRENCH
RICA
Secondly, by many commer-
RUMANIA
BULLAH
TURKEY
TINYA
"If Commun- Ism should at- tempt to advance towards zones of vital interest to Europe and Italy, Fascism will know how to reply."
TO-
THE NEW EUROPEAN- CON-
In the new "Better Europe," FROM ITS FORMATION. cial credits in dollars made by which is to be one of the bright THIS END ITALY FOLLOWS the United States.
outcomes of peace, equilibrium Thirdly, by a favourable must be established. trude balance over a long spell Another boast of the power of FLICT AND THE COURSE OF of years; and,
the two democracies frequently EVENTS NOT AS A NEUTRAL POWER BUT MERELY AS À
BUT
At the end of the 18-day war proofs that the Crusade to on Poland, Germany declared. which the Empire is pledged will be, that she did not wish to under-
Fourthly, by the occupation echoes through the British and conflict demonding at Its lenneity take the responsibility of a war
of Austria and Czecho- French Press: that England is and energy. But thus far the war in the West, of which she did
Slovakia and the consequent in a position to close the Medi- POWER NOT TO-DAÝ DIR- as the Pekne Minister has remarked, not feel the necessity. has been "of a different kind from
Great Britain and France, on transfer to the Reichsbank of terranean at her discretion be ECTLY INTERESTED. what we expected." Lightning the other hand, calculate on the
their abundant bank reserves, cause she has in her hands the control of its entrance and exit. strokes have been for three-quarters necessity of saving men, who of a century the master principle of are less abundant than money in In addition, this static and
By what are these newspaper German strategy. Having launched their countries.
blank method of war allows claims prompted? Its lightning on Poland, Hitlerism
They therefore, intend to con- Germany to save war material showed no capacity to find a swift duct the war more on an econo- and to intensify her production decision in the West. Experts bad mic, political, and social basis of munitions. anticipated, and Hitler and hie than on a military basis.
The two democracies, in
Heutenants had threatened, great air attacks on Britain and France. Not
internal consumption of sources not compensated by new would supplies,
18
READY FOR ANY EVENTU-
ALITY OF PEACE OR WAR.
Italy would like to hope that. Do they wish to remind Italy to reach the new European order- of her position as a potential the extension of the war would prisoner in the Mediterranean? not be necessary.
dissertations of
Her policy hitherto has been: French and British Press on the to limit the conflict, and, in fact,
the
ranean warns us in time that
The THERE is no doubt that in the long run Ger- one has been attempted. German substance, expect victory by the aircraft have come rarely, sparsely implacable-and-static siege of many's powers of resistance may possible closing of the Mediter- sho-has-been-able-to-aucceed, and with results discouraging to the whole of Germany, who, by be worn out.
re- their comrades. Our machines have been proved the better, our bombers frequently driving off and sometimes shooting down Germun fighters, our own fighters winning even greater. sticcess than was estimated. It is certain that us the weeks and months go by the Air Forces of the Allies, already able to deal deadly blows, will develop a strength much greater than that of Germany. On land olso the course of events has justified the Greek historlan's dictum that "least
the present position does not notwithstanding the threatening This method of war, however, coincide with that just Euro- clouds which first appeared in. gradually may eventually also cause seri- peau order, which should infer the Balkans and the Mediter- exhaust her powers of resis- ous, even irreparable, damage to the freedom and parity of posi. rancan. tance without undertaking any the Allies, not only economically tions for all nations. grent battles.
But only the course of events. . and financially but also in re- But it is these very prospecta gurd to their imperial interests..
ITALY'S conception of a and the development of political that make the war more thun The more scattered and greater
better Europe is very and military plans of the ball- ever uncertain and structive. these interests, the more vulner- simple.
gerents will show whether the. able they are,
Italy does not seek, in Europe war can be confined to its pre- In these conditions, the war or the world any particular sent sphere.
THE Western democra cies must calculate
For this latter reason Mus-
SOVIET Russia's ad--
vance into Danubian. Europe and her pressure on. Balkan Europa bring, in the
of all things war goes according to actually on Germany's capacity shows itself, from my Italian privilege for herself. She is fixed principles." After Poland had to resist for a very long time. point of view, as being both against all systems which give Statistics are not sufficient to uncertain in its outcome and obvious or hidden supremacy to been
the overrua,
mechanised
one nation or nations. columns and swarms
of aircraft explain the phenomena of re- above all anti-European.
She has still some vital prob- which
effected that brutal rapine sistance in war. They have al- were sent neross to confront the ready been found lacking in the solini tried as hard as he could lems to be settled, problems meantime, new problems. Maginot Line. They remain
con-fatal war of sanctions against to prevent. the war and later to which were aggravated instend Does a Communist menace, fronting it and Impotent.
Italy.
of solved by the Versailles sys- such as many foreign_news- stop it.
tem.
papers would like to make out,. really exist in South-East Europe?
"It
faith
was not thus that German generals waged war when they had In the present case, Germany in their power to win. We all must be considered as supplied remember how a successful blow
understand this clearly,
Italy cannot be indifferent to: this contingency. In fact, Italy's interests are permanent and vital, as she borders on Danu-- bian Europe and has to-day be come the greatest Balkan Powor
Among their reasons for
certain of victory, The solution of these prob- against Russia in the last war was the not only with a resolute spirit being so prelude to mass offensives on the of resistance, but also with most France and Britain brag about lems, according to evident Itall- the superiority of their economic an needs, cannot be further de Western Front. During the weeks of abundant material means. Poland's Kallant resistance the During recent years she has and financial means and their layed. It is now necessary that French completed their great con- centration on the frontier and a accumulated vast stocks of raw maritime and political dominion all the great European Powers British Expeditionary Force of 158,- materials, iron, copper, rubber, throughout the world. 000 joined them, ita Journey overseas and cotton. Her economic inde- This is naturally a theme. It is necessary that they shall unassalted by the German Navy or pendence, on the other hand, which must be linked with the recognise and accept these par of Europe. Air Force. Since then thousands mare British troops have crossed the ensures her new possibilities of problem of that "Better Europe" ticular Italian needs and rights, Channel every week. It is now a autonomous productions and which echoes so frequently in which are summarised in two Italy is not prompted by any fortress war on the Western Front
supplies. awar of endurance and such
speeches in the belligerent coun- phrases: Free and fertile space aggressive plans against Soviet. tries.
for expansion of the Italian Russia, and for this hor attitude- wars, as history has recorded again and
again, Britain and her Allies win. Into the struggle at sea Ger- has put her main effort and her optimism in the conclusion that the campaign of submarine and mino has been baffled, and air attack on mer- chant shipping has not proved the meance that home quarters On- ticipated.
Plenty Of Cash
It is evident that, so long as population, which asks only the is different from that of other- Germany has also at her dis- there exist in the world a fow right to work and produce in Great Powers, posal abundant cash reserves, as give dom of life and movement of the peace on Italian territory; free-
Italy intenda only to provent... consisting of—
First, considerable gold and assured victory before
them almost automatically an Italian nation, which is entitled the expansion of Communism
even to claim the elimination of every civilisation, order, and sanity in . and its consequent throat to- appropriated currencies ac. B war ja fought, there system of foreign control. cumulated during the mark cannot be in Europe a healthy
Europe. crisis, when, profiting by the balance of power nor, therefore, But Italy maintains that her Sea power has given Britain the throttling power of blockade. That
Italy's policy in regard to- speculation in almost every a real guarantee of peace, noods can find their solution in has been exerted far more drastically country in the world, ahe
a more balanced, sane and just Communism is in substance an than in 1014. All the essential gooda changed her own worthless The Versailles system has in Europe, than that which came integral part of her policy of a for which Germany has to rely on
paper for gold and gold-back creased instead of diminished out of the Versailles workshop, sane and Civil European order. ocean-borne supplies are now denied
the disparity of resources be-
Soviet Russia may remain: her. No bullying of neutrals, north
tween European nations, out of How will this Europe be form- tranquil insido her own borders, or south, no further humiliations balore Russia,
that. ean remedy
proportion to their quality and ed? With what power of war or and Italy will have no objection. Our blockado is now rapidly destroy tion of supply. Though the negative their human and civil rights. penco? It is still difficult to Ing Germany's power to export
But if Communism should power of the blockado is now be- averseas and so draining her dry of coming effective, we have only be this system arose first the
From the inevitable crisis of foresce.
attempt to advance towards foreign credit. But it is clear that gun positive netion. Our blockade
CERTAINLY ITALY DOES zones of vital Interests to we shall have to put forth still needs n strategy of the offensive, the European political crisis lasting greater efforts. Our forces by ale occupation of markets held by Ger- 20 years and subsequently the NOT INTEND TO BE ABSENT Europe and Italy, Fasciam will: nts sea and land must be developed, many, the acquisition of supplies
know how to reply.. and that requires Intensive organisa. which Germany might obtain.
ed money.
now war.
"
+