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Tue refix "Special to the Telegraph is used by the "Hongkong Telegraph" Lo indicite news which is strictly copyright under the provisions of the Telecommuni- cations Ordinance. 1936. Such now A hears the sudicktion "Up" is received in Jongkong on the dole of publication by the United Press Annelations, who 16- serve all rights and forbid republication either wholly or in part without previous Arrancement
The Small Nations
WHEN about twelve months ago President Roosevelt naked Hitler to pledge himself that he would not attack the independent nations of Europe for ten years! no satisfaction was given. When the smaller nations were asked to say whether they were afraid of a German attack they held their peace. They appeared to be afraid of the bully's ill-will.
The past year has brought a ♦♦ startling change. There is not a single one of the small nations but is acutely apprehensive of assault. The three. Baltic States. were swallowed whole by Russia, and she is now engaged in a painful effort to absorb Finland. Alarmed by the fate of these, all
the other small nations are feverishly strengthening their
ZORIC defences, determined to resist
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a
any attack upon their liberties.
King Carol has declared that Rumanin will never allow an enemy to set foot upon her soil. Because Holland has made no war-like boasts doubts have been expressed of her will or capacity to resist aggression. She has boldly dispelled that Illusion. The Government announces in the plainest possible words that any assault on Dutch territory, will be met with the most obstinate armed resistance.
Belgium, at the moment, ia ailent, but she could have no choice but resistance if Holland were assailed by a German flank- ing movement on the Maginot Line. It is no pessimistic view to regard the position of ******** | Norway, Sweden, and Denmark as critical in the extreme. |Switzerland, till lately considered to be the safest country in Europe, has mobilised all her forces, and has 650,000 men ready to oppose any attempt by Germany to break through there. The danger to the Balkan Staten comes from another source, Russia, and anxious efforts aro being made to procure adjust ment of their differences Jest disaster overtake them.
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There is not a spot on the map. of Europe but is threatened with war, and a falao move anywhere might precipitate à Continental
war.
sergeant who swears..
W
E in Great Britain seem to have re- placed our old bar- rack square disci-
line with a peculiar form of psycho-analytical treatment.
Recruits are no longer spoken to sharply if they are idle in case they are upset, and the father- Ilness of the modern command-
ing officer seems certain to make the barracks a perfect "home from home."
There are soldiers in our army to-day who have been in training for three months and yet walk about the streets of the garrison towns as if they had just got out of bed after a heavy night.
"The saluting is slovenly and on- cers seem unwilling to Impose dis- cipline except on their own units.
Ocers, non-commissioned of- cers and men are mixing in public places, and where attempts to tighten discipline occur parents
and the modern soldiers them- selves become class conscious and insist that a private soldier is as
good as a general.
He may be, but no war was ever won on that basis, and unless something is done to tighten dis- cipline over here I dread to think what will happen in the front line when the real war starta:
I
will explain this criticism. When troops are in the front line and are being badly shelled or have suffered heavy casualties over
Commanded the International Brigado's British Battalion in Spain.
T
HERE are two sorts of discipline. One is the obedionca men give to orders they know aro necessary and to leaders they respect,
It goes beyond obedience: dis- olplined soldiers do not have to
wait for orders or find an omeer. before they do what they know is needed; their own willingness, their feeling of shared responzi- bility, can lead them..
Or that sort of discipline no army can have too much and the British army needs more. But that is not the sort of discipline Mr. Baldwin wants.
Ho saks for the other sort:
says Oliver BALDWIN
(Viscount Corvedate) Socialist son of a Conservative father: author, soldier, Alt
critic,
cx-M.?.
a period of days, there is only one thing that can keep them working as a unit and that is the discipline of the barrack square-the con- tinuous, tedious, tiring marching, turning and halting.
Baiuting, some of you say, Is un- necessary. I thought so, once, but I have been with revolutionary armica and I know which side wins -the disciplined, saluting type.
When I say discipline, I do not mean Guards discipline of the pre- 1014 type: This was "overdone, but its basis was right.
Remember, too, the Guards had a different code to the rest of the Line in those days. No non-com- missioned officer was allowed to swear at the men on parade: the men's offences were put in a book and the punishment was held over till next day.
In the Une regiments we used to be sworn at and it was all over. Two kinds of discipline, but which did the soldier prefer?
I liked the swearing type of ser- geant. He rarely meant what he said, and the trouble was quickly over, To-day the sergeants hardly dare reprimand: the new soldier must remain a civilian in spirit:
When discipline la na alack as
Was in France with the Irish
Cuards in 1916 at 17
that it is more than ever essential that officers, on-commissioned ofcéra and men should be segre- gated as much as possible; for if you add familiarity to alovanliness.. sensitiveness to reprimand and casual saluting you have got nothing better than a mob, and three months' front-line service will completely disorganise it.
The only part of military disci- pline which is abominable is in- Justice, and in the modern Army it should not occur as easily as it used to in the last war.
For the rest I am convinced by experience in the Infantry, in the Quards, in the front-line, and in a revolutionary army that a sterner discipline than that which our troops are undergoing at present is essential for victory.
THE DOCTOR
LAUGHS
A DOCTOR, in the good old
days, called at a country cottage and said to the good- wife, "Did you get those leeches I sent for your husband, Mrs.. Macfarlane?"
"Oh, ny, sir," was the reply. "But whit i' the warld was the guid o' sendin' wee things like lyon for a muckle chiel' like oor Jock? I juist took an' clappit the ferret on him.”
Another village doctor, after jexamining a young patient, said. to, his mother, "And what are. you going to make of this little. man when he grows up?".
"Och, he's shaire to be a butcher,: sle," said the fond mother. "Mexty, he's that fond o' animals, we canni keep him oot o' the slaughter-hoose." Weelum won feeling very "low" when the doctor called,·
"Well, Weclum, and how are you to-day Inquired the doctor.
"Verra bad; verra bad. I wush Providence wad ha'e mercy on me an' tak' me awa1."
"Hoots, Weclum," said his wife, who was standing by, "hoo can ye expec' that it ye winna tok the doctor's pheesic?"
The new doctor had been called in to attend one of Mrs. MTosh's large--- family. On entering the house he said, "I detect rather a disagreeable smeli in the house, Mrs. MTosh Are you sure the drains 7"
"Och, it canna be the drains, sir," said she indignantly. "There's none here uva'."
An Irish doctor, who had been called on to examine the victim of an accident, gave judgment as fol- lows: There are three wounds. One may prove fatal, but I expect he will recover from the other two." One day the doctor called at a farm labourer's cottage: "How is your husband this morning?" he ask- ed buxom woman who opened the door to him. "Did you take his temperature as I told you?"
"Oh, ny, sir," she replied. "I put the barometer on his chest, an' it PLEASE Turn To Pago Z.
Saluting will
never win a war
SAYS TOM WINTRINGHAM
Son of a solicitor, nephew of one of the first woman M.Ps, and an
ezvort on military afairs..
barrack-square drill, smart salut- ing, separation of officers and men, swearing sorgeants, reprimands, sternncas.
That sort of discipling is useless to-day. It destroys the strongest moral force in an army, the feeling of comradeship. It makes men dependent on constant supervision. They do nothing beyond what they are told to do. That to-day is not enough,'
An army in modern battid splits Itself into a tightly-woven mosh of little groups; it is not possible for an oficer or sergeant to be with each group, or for orders to reach It continuously
e
Our appallingly heavy casualties among emcere in the lust war was partly due to officers trying to be everywhere and look after every man in the line. The amount of fire.
on a battlefield can be much greater to-day than in 1916, and the job cannot be done that way.
Mr. Baldwin thinks that the dis- ciplino of the barrack-square holds troops to their job. I think of the Canadians and Australians our shock troops "of the last war. And I think of the International Brigades in Spain-a very useful infantry.
The Canadians seldom drilled and very seldom saluted. The In- ternationals, averaging nvo weeks training, had little time for drill; they saluted quite often, thoughi
real discipline did not depend on not so often as some troops. Their
this, or any other formality..
Discipline of the barrack-square move without falling over your- type teaches two good things: to
selves, and to get in line without crowding. Beyond this it has little value for war, or la harmful,
Omoers should not, for snobbish
reasons, or for false ideas about disciplino. shut themselves from their men-unless they are officers unfitted to lead. If they are leaders by merit, not by social class or induence, the better their men know them the stronger will be their unity.
Democratie discipline forces men to carry on because it enlists their intelligence, their eagerness, their pride in doing a job well. Barrack- square discipline works only through fear and habil.", To-day, Intelligence is the stronger.
*
Απ Mart pointed out, the- organisation of an army often. forcahadows the futuro social. organisation of the country it la drawn from.
Tho !comradeship of the trenches"
in the last 'war · före= shadowed the classless society to which, wo are moving. In.1914-18 it was an exception; to - day barrack discipline in this exception: Wo are, by this changê towards a demoratio army, a stop nearer the wid democracy of Bocialism...